ChiBhudha muRussia. Vanhu Russia, vanozviti chiBhudha

Religious nzvimbo of Russian Federation rakanyatsojeka siyana. Achitora nzvimbo huru kwazvo uye kubatanidza pasi yayo political wenharaunda yaitongwa kwazvo ndudzi zhinji uye madzinza, nyika imwe nharaunda umo mune tsika dzakasiyana uye zvitendero kumabvazuva nokumavirira, nokumusoro nezasi. ChiKristu uye Islam - mbiri zvitendero zvenyika, zvakajairika mamiriro edu. Pamwe chete navo, uye wechitatu anomiririrwa, izvo aizviti zvakawanda vanhu Russia - chiBuddha. About apo chitendero ichi kwakapararira munyika yedu, uye tichataura mberi.

ChiBhudha muRussia

ChiBhudha - dzakasiyana chitendero, kwete kufanana nezvimwe. Inside-siyana dzechiBuddha zvikoro uye dzenzvimbo dzakasiyana zvikuru. mavambo ayo vanosungirwa yechitendero shasha kweIndia, mururimi ake chiBhudha vakarasika kwayo uremu. Nhasi, tsika nyika vanoti chiBuddha, muri Korea, Japan, China, Nepal, uye vamwe, pakati inomira kunze Tibet. To zuva, chiBhudha mu Russia rinomiririrwa mune zvinenge zvose zvikuru dzechiBuddha masangano. Pakati pavo pane zvakasiyana zvikoro Mahayana, Vajrayana, Theravada, Zen, Chan uye vazhinji nevamwe zvetsika uye kwete chaizvo kushamwaridzana. Zvisinei, ruzhinji rwevanhu zvemashiripiti chiBuddha kuRussia, vari vateveri Tibetan tsika dzechitendero.

WechiBuddha Russian Ethnography

Tinopa kupindura mubvunzo: chii Russian muBhudha marudzi nhasi?

Nokuda enyika zviitiko uye intercultural neshamwari, chiBhudha wokutanga akatora mudzi pakati Kalmyks uye Tuvan. Zvino XVI remakore, kana nharaunda chinoda izvi pamwe navanhu vakanga vagere navo vaiva nhengo Mongolian wehurumende Altan Khan. Kwapera A remakore, chiBhudha wakatangwa kuna Buryatia, kwaakanga vakabudirira vaikwikwidzana pamwe zvetsika chitendero kuSiberia muArabhu - pechishamani, kana zvimwe tengrizmom.

ChiBhudha muna Buryatia

Buryatia - Republic of Russia vane miganhu kubvira kumabvazuva kweLake Baikal. Vachinzi vasiyana Russian Empire, zvakanga husingakwanisi Russification uye zvechiKristu kudziviswa. Ukuwo, ari pedyo tsika, vezvokutengeserana uye enyika ukama kuMongolia, uye kuburikidza pamwe Tibet, akaita akakurumbira pakati dzidziso Buryat muBhudha. Wokutanga ibwe datsans dzakavakwa pano XVIII remakore.

Kunyange pakati muBhudha pemarudzi Buryats - ekupedzisira, uyo akatora chitendero, nhasi dzinomirira dzechiBuddha ruzhinji uye zvinomirira chiBuddha muRussia. Buryatia ndiyo muzinda Russian chiBuddha - Buddhist Traditional Sangha kweRussia, uyewo huru dzokunamatira uye nzvimbo dzokunamatira. Chikuru chacho Ivilginski temberi - nguva yakagara Bandido Hambo Lama - mutungamiriri chikamu chikuru Russian vaBhudha zvokunamata.

Pamwe chete chiBuddha, pakati Buryat ane zvakajairika ndiye chinyakare pechishamani, kana inonzi Blechepsin Vera.

ChiBhudha vokuTuva

VokuTuva, mumwe zvokuvhoterwa, iyo rakagamuchirwa muna Russian pakutanga pakati XX remakore, kureva muna 1911. VokuTuva nhasi vanozviti yakafanana sedzidziso kuti Buryats - the Mahayana tsika Tibetan chiBuddha. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvisiri nguva dzose; asi nzvimbo dzidziso dzechiBuddha rokutanga, kunyanya muchimiro Hinayana, pamusoro munharaunda vokuTuva, akaonekwa ari II remakore BC, panguva Turkic khanate. madzinza akazotevera Tuvan vaiva Uighurs pasi adzikinura nyika vokuTuva Turki. Zvisinei Uighurs kwakazviisa pasi Manichaean chitendero,, akaona simba chiBuddha. Kukudziridza kuchinzi, Uyghur nyanzvi dzakatanga vanoshingaira kushandura dzechiBuddha mumagwaro Chinese uye Sogdian mitauro. Nokufamba kwenguva, mashoko vaturikiri nezvezvakanaka Tibetan akadhindwa, izvo zvakaita mberi kutonga pamusoro Tibetan tsika. Izvi zviri kuitika akanga yanyatsosimba ari XIII remakore, vasisanetswi Mongolian vadzidzisi vakanga vava wechiBuddha tsika Tibetan Lamas.

Dzemamongi yokutanga dzakavakwa vokuTuva muna 1772 uye 1773, ukuwo. Kunyange zvazvo wechiBuddha nenzanga vokuTuva zvikuru inoomerera mutsara Gelug, dzikapfeka vafundisi yemamongi, tsika dzeko bvumidza vakaroora Lamas Institute, ndiro dzayo akasiyana chinhu. Sezvakaitika Buryatia, vokuTuva pane zvavanotenda vakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri - shamanists uye vaBhudha.

ChiBhudha muna Kalmykia

Kalmykia ndiye chete European streek predominance vemo wechiBuddha. Kuva nhaka Western madzinza Mongolian Kalmyk dzinza anodzokera Oirats, kubatana zvakavanzika chitendero wechiBuddha muna XIII nokuvonga remakore kundopinda kupinda rezvitendero Genghis Khan. Zvisinei, panguva ino, chiBhudha aiva chitendero chete political vepamusoro Oirats. The popularization kwedzidziso pakati vanhuwo vakawanda rinowanikwa chete XVI-XVII emakore. Uye, sezvo kuna Buryatia uye vokuTuva, Kalmyk chiBhudha Anotiwo tsika mushroom dzechitendero. Kunyanya ukama ichi pakati Tibet uye Kalmykia akasimbisa pashure kuzivikanwa pakutanga XVII remakore Oirat mukomana degeneration of Third Dalai Lama.

Kupararira chiBuddha pakati Oirats akwanise kubudikidza pakagadzwa imwe yoga dzinza Kalmyk. Sechivako okupedzisira chinosanganisira Oirat madzinza, vakambundirana chiBhudha uye vakagara kumavirira mukati Russian mamiriro. Panguva iyoyowo, pasi Russian pamambo, Kalmyks aumba yayo utariri - Kalmyk Khanate. The yokupedzisira kusvikira 1771, apo nezvomurau Empress Catherine II, yakaguma. Mune ramangwana, iyo Kalmyk chiBhudha dzakabudirira, vakatodzidza National unhu uye, kufanana Buryat uye vokuTuva Sangha akatungamirira hondo yokunamata pechishamani.

ChiBhudha muna USSR

Pashure October Revolution chiBuddha muRussia akanga pasi ipapo-mufashoni zvokunamata kuitika - renovationism. Kwetunhu dharma uye Marxism akaitirwa kurongazve wechiBuddha vomunharaunda. Senzira kufamba ichi muMoscow musi 20-ies. Kutoita All-Russian muBhudha Council. Asi zvino webato wokuti akachinja pachinhu masangano ezvitendero vakatanga vakawanda udzvanyiriri. Dzemamongi avharwa, akaparadza temberi uye nevafundisi kutambudzwa. Kusvikira pambiru-hondo "nyungudika" vanhu Russia, vanozviti chiBuddha, isu akarasikirwa dzemamongi kupfuura 150. In Buryatia kubva 15,000 Lamas kusvika 1948 vanhu vanenge 600 vakasara. Panyaya vokuTuva uye Kalmykia, ipapo zvose kumatunhu, kwaingova emapoka vakapona vafundisi kubva 8000.

Vanhu Russia vanoita chiBhudha nhasi

Asati Perestroika muBhudha muviri ekufambisa mabasa masangano muBhudha, CBB aiva Soviet Union (Central Spiritual Administration pakati vaBuddha of USSR). Mukutanga 90s zvakanzi kunzi CBB Russia. Zvino muviri ichi anonzi muBhudha Traditional Sangha kweRussia uye zvinosanganisira nhengo dzaro dziri wechiBuddha nenzanga Buryatia. emachechi vokuTuva uye Kalmykia kuramba akazvimirira. Zvisinei, BTSR chiremera Buryatia uye kunze kuziva kwete zvose. Somugumisiro kusiyana enyika uye pfungwa muBhudha Society kwave kuchiita dzakatevedzana rinotsemuka uye kunze shamwari huru ine neshamwari dzakawanda akazvimirira uye akazvimirira munharaunda.

Chero zvazvingava, chiBhudha mu Russia anomiririrwa sakare, vatatu makuru nharaunda - Buryatia, vokuTuva uye Kalmykia.

Other muBuddha munzanga Russia

Traditional Vanhu Russia, vaBuddha nhasi hazvisi chete vatakuri dzechiBuddha nemagariro echinyakare. Munguva ichangopfuura, mumwe chitendero aisimbisa zvikuru uduku intelligentsia. Mumaguta makuru kuramba kuvhura dzechitendero dzakasiyana-nzvimbo. Pakati pavo, kuwedzera kuzvikoro chinyakare pamusoro Tibetan chiBuddha, pane mahofisi yeKorea, Chinese uye Japanese Zen chiBuddha, Theravada uye Dzogchen. Russia mumakore mashoma apfuura, akashanyira vadzidzisi vazhinji pakunamata. Uyewo, vomunyika yedu vakanga vari vamiririri dzechiBuddha mamongi uye nevafundisi.

mhedziso

Fashion chiBuddha muna Russia ndiyo handivo, uye pfungwa iyi, nyika yedu anoudzawo vanowanzochema European runako East. Kazhinji, muchizvitengera yakawanda, zvipfuwo buddofiliya anorasikirwa mu quality, iyo hwakazara nokupararira pamusoro, shoma musiyano wezvinyorwa chiBuddha muRussia.

Panguva iyoyowo, chiBhudha - chitendero muna Russia iri sezvo zvetsika sezvo chiKristu uye Islam. Naizvozvo, ayo chinzvimbo uye ramangwana maonero zvikuru nokuda pakukura Russian tsika.