Chii chaiva zita Samara asati? History of Samara

On wokuti chii kudana Samara pamberi, vazhinji achapindura "Kuibyshev" uye ivo vachava zvakanaka. Zvisinei, ichi ndicho zita reguta iri nguva apo vazhinji nyika nemisha vakanga kunzi kuremekedza vakakurumbira Party nhengo uye kuipandukira, asi chaizvoizvo nhoroondo yacho yakatanga ipapa. Ndizvo chii zita rwaakatakura pamberi uye izvo zvange muupenyu Russia, enda hurukuro nyaya yedu.

Kutaurwa rokutanga Samara River uye eponymous guta

zita reguta racho chokuita zvakananga zita Samara River, mumwe mutero kuna Volga. The kutaurwa kutanga inowanikwa zvakanyorwa Munyori Embassy of Arab Ibn Fadlan, uyo akashanyira ikoko May, kupfuura makore 922. Anodana Rwizi Samur, kureva zita rakapiwa kwariri munzvimbo muArabhu. Zvisinei, hapana misha Arab Wenyika haitauri.

Kudzidza Samara yainzi ambotaurwa, kureva isati yava pamutemo wakadzikwa pachayo pamepu kweRussia, vatsvakurudzi pane pfungwa, maererano iyo yaimbova zita raro rakanga nzvanyira pamwe pari. Izvi runoratidzwa, zvikurukuru, aburuka kwatiri Venetian mepu, dating 1367 gore, izvo munzvimbo kuMiddle Volga mudunhu yakasarudzwa nzvimbo, rinonzi Samar.

Chete zita uye kugarwa rinoshandisirwa mumwe mepu wakavhomorwa muna 1459 akafamba achitevedza Volga Catholic mumongi Van Mauro. Zvisinei, pane vatsoropodzi, vaone Mvumo kuti inofananidza Samar wekare guta akamuka pamahombekombe ari Volga muna 1586.

Nhare, yakaitwa wamambo kuda

Maiva mugore rino anotanga nyaya Samara, inobva pamahombekombe chete rwizi, pedyo confluence dzaro Volga. Times yainetsa chaizvo, uye kudzivirira kumucheto kuramba yokurwiswa muArabhu, uyewo kuvadzivirira kubva gang kubva Kazan kuna Astrakhan, mambo Fyodor Ivanovich akarayira muchinda G. O. Zasekinu kuvaka nhare.

Mubvunzo sei kuumba Samara, runoonekwa mazhinji venhau dzakaitika Russian. It Vakawana kuti kuda mambo akazviratidza pakutanga nhare dzokurwa duku, vaizvambarara pamusoro nguva uye ikava yakasimba, iyo chamuita kuti chikuru Volga maguta. Chawo, uye mamwe kuvakwa mashoko vakaratidza mune hwakawanda huripo magwaro. Vanewo kupiwa guta racho zita, iro anobvisa chero kusava nechokwadi pamusoro sei Samara akanzi kare.

Vagari veguta Samara rokutanga

Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, kwete Samara nhare hwakawanda huripo yaiva chikamu reguta apo kufekitari anogadzira zvinhu mavharuvhu ari nhasi. Kunyange zvazvo panguva yacho kuvhunduka chokuvaka uye asina pfungwa, asi murayiro wamambo hwakazadzika pasina kunonoka uye nhare yakavakirwa hazvishamisi nokukurumidza - mumwedzi mitatu chete.

We uchagara panzvimbo itsva, achiri hwema manyoro nebwe Samara muguta (saka kwakasarudzwa kumutumidza pamazuva akare) servicemen vanhu - uta, Gunners hongu "uketani", kureva vaya vakanga kurindira magedhi zvose kumhanya zvavo. Uyu murayiro iwoyo mambo kunotaurwa kushumira yamadzibaba uye Knights.

Nhoroondo XVII remakore Samara ari nhoroondo iri mberi basa rayo kusimbiswa uye kuwedzera. Somugumisiro, kubudikidza 1700, taundi raiva shanu kuzvidzivirira mitsetse, chaisanganisira Kremlin, vaviri angaratidza mutsetse uye mitsara sezvo vazhinji tangi nezvipingamupinyi, nokukurumidza ichaparadzwa kuora. Zvisinei, revarwi vairinda ichi simba zvakasuruvara paiva zvinokosha chaizvo drawback - Zvivako ake ose zvakaitwa namatanda, uye kuti sei vakawanda kwakakanganisa panguva moto kuti hwapararira guta riri muma1700 uye 1703 vake.

Kubva nhare kune maindasitiri hofori

Anodzidziswa shungu ruzivo, Samartsev kuvakwa panzvimbo vatana madota itsva, nguva ino ive yevhu nhare. Munguva matongo Kucherwa kuitwa muna 2013-2014., Zvakasaririra ichi chivako akawanikwa munharaunda Grain Square.

Muna 1851 iri Samara dunhu, uye kubvira panguva iyoyo guta rakanga nheyo, rwakazokura rayo guru, akagashira kurudziro simba ayo zveupfumi uye netsika kukura. Pakupera ari XIX remakore Samara chaitonzi "Russian Chicago" nokuti kukurumidza kuwedzera mairi, maindasitiri kugadzirwa uye kutengeserana. City, iyo vakaverengwa makore gumi nezvishanu Vagari, rakanga rizere miti siyana, dzokuchengetera uye hwemvura chigayo.

Zvinofadza kuona kuti zvakanga pano kuti chitima chokutanga Russian yakatsiviwa chitima, wobudiswa muguta chakazara muna 1915. Maererano nepepanhau nguva, akanga vakaungana kubva mudzimba kumativi uye zvinhu zvachose. Samara ndiyewo nzvimbo yechizvarirwo romudiwa saka tose "Zhigulevsk" doro, kugadzirwa yakatanga muna 1881 pane imwe fekitari vaiva ne yeAustria muzvinabhizimisi Alfred of Vakano. Panzira, pakutanga rainzi "Vienna", asi zvino akapiwa nyika zita.

renaming Samara

Mumakore okutanga pashure Samara kwechinguva kuramba yaro rusununguko kubva Bolsheviks, uye simba mairi zvaiva vanonzi nhengo Committee of Constituent Assembly. Zvisinei, nzira nhoroondo yaiva shingirira, uye pakupedzisira akava mumwe maguta Soviet. Muna 1935, "akumbirwa vashandi" (sezvo panguva yake vakadaidzwa vakaparadzana nhungamiro iri CPSU), guta rake rainzi pashure vakakurumbira echimurenga uye bato mutungamiri V. V. Kuybysheva.

guta rechipiri munyika

Basa rinokosha muupenyu munyika guta airidza panguva nguva Great Patriotic War. Iye, chokwadi, akashanda guta guru Soviet Union rechipiri. Pano, pamahombekombe ari Volga, takatamira hurumende uye vanoverengeka nedzenyu dzimwe mishoni.

Kana zvashata guta aida kuita bheji Supreme Wehondo I. V. Stalina. Zvikuru dzokugara yakavakwa kwaari, akashongedzerwa pachivande BUNKER. Nhasi ndiyo chikamu cheguta Museum uye yakazaruka vaenzi.

City mumakore ehondo

Kuwedzera hurumende masangano, guta uyewo dzichengeterwe mabhizimisi akawanda akabviswa dzokumadokero dziri nyika, zvichiguma pachiyero maindasitiri kugadzirwa ikoko munguva yehondo kwakawedzera kashanu. Kuti ave nechokwadi pamberi muhondo ndege mune simba avhiyesheni kunzwisisa rakaumbwa, ikadzikapo kugadzirwa mota zvakadai yakakurumbira sezvo Il-2 uye third-3.

Paro akaisa uye akaramba kushanda Moscow Bolshoi Theater. Chimwe chiitiko chinokosha muupenyu tsika yehondo Kuibyshev aiva kuita zviri horo rake rechinomwe Leningrad Symphony, yakapedzwa vari pano vari kubvisa pakati D. D. Shostakovichem. A Monument hondo akava promenade nokuda lining yaishandiswa girenayiti, wakatorwa kubva panguva iyo akakundwa Germany.

Samara Flag, razova chiratidzo itsva yaitonga

Panguva poutongi, kusvikira pakutanga perestroika, dzebato ideologues vakaita zvose zvavanogona kuti aparadze kuyeuka vanhu sei Samara akanzi kare. NaMatthew yaiitwa mamwe maguta munyika zita.

Zvisinei, kare muna 1990, pakutanga vanyatsochinja democratic kuchinja guta akadzokera zita rayo yenhau, uye makore masere gare gare Mutongo City Council anzverwa ne flag Samara. Hakusi kuwedzerera kutaura kuti vagari hazvina chete chiratidzo pamutemo wenyika Municipality, asi chinooneka nokuratidzwa kuchinja pasina rokuponesa kugadzirisa muupenyu wese Russia.