COPD chirwere: zvinokonzera, zviratidzo, chirwere uye kurapwa. Chirwere obstructive pulmonary chirwere

COPD (chirwere obstructive pulmonary chirwere) - zvokurwara kwakadaro uko pamwe kuzvimba mu kufema nhengo. Zvikonzero kungava zvezvakatipoteredza zvinhu uye nevamwe vanoverengeka, kusanganisira kusvuta. Nokuti chirwere kwese nguva mberi, zvoita kuti vasanyanye functionality ari kufema hurongwa. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinoisa kufema kutadza.

Kunyanya maperembudzi yaiitwa pazera remakore 40 makore uye vakwegura. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, varwere COPD akabvuma kuchipatara uye vaduku. Kazhinji, izvi imhaka nemagene kubatwa. Uyewo pangozi zvikuru zvirwere vaya vanosvuta kwenguva yakareba.

boka nengozi

Nechirwere pamusoro COPD muna akura varume yokuRussia iri akaona mumwe wechitatu, akapindira chikumbaridzo makore 70. Statistics unokubvumira kutaura nechivimbo kuti uyu yakabatana fodya zvakananga. Uyewo, pane kubatana pachena pamwe nemararamiro, kureva, nzvimbo basa: mukana wokuti kusimukira chirwere yepamusoro panyaya apo vanhu vari kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi uye huruva. Chokuita kurarama maindasitiri maguta pano chikamu nyaya kupfuura munzvimbo ine yakachena.

COPD kazhinji ikabuda vanhu vakwegura, asi iwe unogona kurwara, uye pane muduku ane majini kubatwa. Izvi imhaka chaiyo chizvarwa muviri connective zvemapapu tishu. Uyewo, pane zvidzidzo vezvokurapa kuti vanoti chirwere nokuda Prematurity mwana, muviri sezvinoitwa iyi haisi surfactant zvakakwana, ndokusaka kuberekwa zvinyama kwemiviri haagoni zvakanaka kubata.

Chii masayendisiti itii?

COPD zvinokonzera hosha, nzira yokurapwa - zvose izvi kare Akakwezva navanachiremba. Kuti zvinhu zvakakwana yokutsvakurudza, mashoko muunganidzwa akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze, panguva iyo vakadzidza zviitiko chirwere pakati vagari vekumaruwa dzomumaguta vanogara. Information inounganidzwa vanachiremba Russian.

Takakwanisa kuziva kuti kana totaura avo vanogara mumusha, musha, pane zvikuru nzira COPD kazhinji maturo uye rose zvokurwara kuti hwega munhu akasimba zvikuru. Kazhinji vomumusha vakatarisa endobronchitis pamwe purulent secretions kana tishu atrophy. Matambudziko kuitika mune dzimwe zvirwere somatic.

Zvave kuti chikonzero chikuru - rakadzika zvinodiwa okurapwa kumaruwa. Mukuwedzera, kumaruwa hazvibviri kuita spirometry, izvo zvinoda varume vanosvuta makore makore 40 kana kupfuura.

Vangani vanhu uzivewo, COPD - Chinyiko? Sei kubatwa? Chii chinoitika iyi? Kunonyanya kukonzerwa nokusaziva, kushaya ruzivo, nokuti kutya rufu, varwere vave mwoyo. Zvakafanana manyorerwo ichi dzomumaguta vagari, uye okumaruwa. Depression Rinobatanidzwa ne kweimwe hypoxia, rinobaya tsinga murwere.

Apo chirwere anoita?

Chirwere kuti COPD uye nhasi zvakaoma, nekuti haina kuzivikanwa chaizvo, zvikonzero pakuumba zvokurwara. Zvisinei, izvozvo vakakwanisa kuziva zvinhu zvinoverengeka kukonzera chirwere. Key zvinhu:

• kusvuta;
• yaivhuvhuta kushanda mamiriro;
• Climate;
• chirwere;
• achingoverengera bronchitis;
• pulmonary zvirwere;
• Genet.

Zvikonzero zvakawanda

Zvinobudirira kudzivirira COPD ichiri pasi kukura, asi vanhu vanoda kuchengetedza utano hwavo, tinofanira kumirira kuti avo kana zvimwe zvikonzero dzinochinja pamusoro womunhu, zvichikonzera zvokurwara ichi. Achiziva ngozi dzavo uye kubvisa njodzi, unogona kuderedza mukana wokuti kusimukira chirwere.

Chinhu chokutanga chakakodzera nezvenyu nezvichaitika COPD - Ichokwadi, kusvuta. Zvakafanana kunambwa zvose rinoita uye kungogara. Zvino mushonga yakachengeteka kutaura kuti kusvuta - ndicho chinhu chinokosha kukura zvokurwara. Chirwere chinokurwadzai sezvo nechikakananda uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri fodya utsi.

Munzira dzakawanda, iyo mashandiro ari kutanga kusvuta Rinobatanidzwa ne imwe nguva, izvo chinoita mwero kana kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi, nekuti pano, zvakare, vanhu kufema mhepo akazadzwa nemaziso inoramba. Kana kushanda huruva ezvinhu, alkalis uye chiutsi, nguva dzose kufema makemikari nezvimedu, hazvibviri kuchengeta mumapapu utano. Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti chirwere COPD kazhinji akaita miners uye vanhu vanoshanda pamwe simbi: grinders, polishers, metallurgists. Uyewo kubatwa nezvirwere ichi welders uye vashandi pulp zvigayo, vashandi zvokurima. All yokushanda izvi ezvinhu chokuita hasha guruva chikonzero.

The okuwedzera ngozi nokushaya okurapwa: mune dzimwe hapana vanachiremba vanokwanisa pedyo, vamwe vanoedza kudzivisa dzose dzokurapa kuzviongorora.

symptomatology

COPD chirwere - chii? Sei kubatwa? Sezvo fungira wake? chidimbu ichi (uyewo nokududzirwa - chisingaperi obstructive pulmonary chirwere) uye nanhasi vanhu vakawanda havana kutaura chinhu. Pasinei zvirwere, vanhu havana kutomboziva chero pangozi hwavo. Chii kutsvaka kana uchifungidzira pulmonary chirwere uye anofungidzira kuti muve COPD? Yeuka kuti pakutanga dzinoratidzwa anotevera zviratidzo:

• chikosoro, phlegm mucosa (kakawanda mangwanani);
• kupfupika mweya, pakutanga kutoitika panguva mutoro, pakupedzisira nechati rugare.

Kana COPD exacerbation, kazhinji chikonzero kuti - utachiona kuti chinobata:

• dyspnea (kunowedzera);
• sputum (rinova purulent, anosunungurwa pamusangano LEVEL).

With kukura chirwere, kana chirwere obstructive chirwere pulmonary kwave nechirwere, zvinotevera zviratidzo:

• mwoyo kutadza;
• marwadzo mumwoyo;
• minwe uye miromo kuva rinokwanisa kucheneruka tinge;
• mapfupa marwadzo;
• Tsandanyama nyadza;
• minwe thicken;
• zvipikiri kushandura chimiro, kuva convex.

COPD kuongorora chirwere: stage

Netsika kusiyanisa nzendo dzakawanda.

Tanga zvokurwara - iri razero. It kunoratidzwa kugadzirwa sputum muna yakawanda, munhu aigara kukosora. Lung basa panguva ino pavaipfuura kukura chirwere iripo.

Danho rokutanga - nguva chirwere, sezvamakaropafadzwa murwere vanotogara kukosora. Chiedza nguva dzose pave yakawanda phlegm. In adzidze kufema ino havagoni kuziva zviduku mhingaidzo.

Kana chirwere mwero siyana chirwere, izvozvo kunoratidzwa kurapwa zviratidzo (zvambotaurwa), richiratidzwa panguva yechiitwa.

Nechirwere pamusoro COPD, wechitatu chikuva, zvinoreva kuti kufema kukundikana rinova kukuuraya. In chimiro ichi chirwere pane inonzi "mwoyo pulmonary". Pachena chirwere kuratidzwa: mhepo aibuda akavarambidza panguva nedzinovengwa, dyspnea kazhinji uye zvakaomarara. Mune zvimwe zviitiko Árbol mhingaidzo, izvo kwese kuti zvikuru kwazvo chimiro chirwere chiitiko. Zviri ngozi upenyu hwevanhu.

nyore kuziva

Kutaura zvazviri, chirwere pamusoro COPD anoiswa mukati chokutanga chimiro chirwere iri shoma zvikuru pane kuti vakawana chokwadi. Izvi imhaka yokuti zviratidzo havasi yakajeka. Pakutanga mashoko zvokurwara kazhinji runoyerera muchivande. The mufananidzo kurapwa kunogona kuonekwa kana mamiriro mberi kuti zvive nomwero zvakaoma kwazvo, uye vanhu kuenda chiremba pakunyunyuta pamusoro phlegm uye vangakosora.

In tanga vachivhura neapo zviitiko apo munhu kukosora yakawanda phlegm. Sezvo izvi kunoitika Kazhinji, vanhu vasinganyanyi kunetseka uye regai kuenda chiremba iri nguva. Kwachiremba papera, kana kufamba chirwere kunotungamirira chisingaperi chikosoro.

Mamiriro acho ezvinhu kuoma

Kana chirwere rave chirwere uye kurapwa matanho anotorwa, kwete nguva dzose, Somuenzaniso, National Mabatirwo COPD akaratidza nemigumisiro yakanaka. Kazhinji kuomesa kunoitika nokuda zvirwere.

Kana mamwe chirwere kunyange zororo munhu anotambura kupfupika mweya. Pane kuchinja hunhu mahofisi: mune purulent sputum kunova. Pane nzira mbiri dzichiri chirwere:

• Árbol;
• blackleg.

Muchiitiko chokutanga, kuti sputum ukasunungurwa guru chaizvo yakawanda uye nguva dzose ndondo pedyo chikosoro. Kune vazhinji Muzviitiko kudhaka, Árbol sepombi matambudziko suppurative inflammations, ganda cyanosis zvinobvira. Mhingaidzo hwapedyo zvakasimba. Pulmonary emphysema ichi Chirwere dzinoratidzwa simba.

Apo Emphysematous mhando kufema dyspnea wakaiswa, kuti zvakaoma kufema. Koshesa pulmonary emphysema. The ganda anova pinkish pfumbu. Zvinochinja chimiro pechipfuva: afanane mudhiramu. Kana chirwere aburuka nzira iyi, uye kana wasarudza zvakarurama mishonga iri COPD varwere vanogona kurarama kune akwegura.

chirwere mberi

In varwere COPD kuva sezvo matambudziko kuitika:

• nemabayo;
• kufema kukundikana, kazhinji nenzira rikwanise muchimiro.

Zvishoma kacho vakacherechedza:

• pneumothorax;
• mwoyo kutadza;
• pneumosclerosis.

In zvakakomba pulmonary zvichibvira:

• mwoyo;
• BP.

The kugadzikana uye kusagadzikana mune COPD

Hosha anogona kuve imwe mhando mbiri: chenjera kana yakatsiga. Kana zvachinja mumuviri pasi pokudzora simba rinomutsa kuchinja panyaya kwemavhiki, mwedzi, vasingakwanisi kuwana yakagadzikana shanduro kukura. Ungacherechedza imwe kunotoda mufananidzo, kana iwe nguva uchiongorora murwere dzinenge imwe gore.

Asi panguva exacerbation chete zuva kana maviri kare zvinoratidza unopinza kudzikira. Kana wakadaro exacerbation kuitika kaviri pagore, kana kakawanda, vari kuonekwa navanachiremba zvinokosha uye kungaguma murwere muchipatara. Exacerbations zvakananga zvarinoita mararamiro yayo refu.

In rinokosha kacho akapora varwere-vanosvuta vakatambura kubva asima pamberi. Panguva iyoyowo kutaura "muchinjikwa-sectional syndrome." murwere muviri machira kwakadaro hakusi kugona uchapedza zvinodiwa dzose kushanda okisijeni kunodzikira zvikuru kuita muviri anogona kuchinja. Muna 2011, ichi Chirwere havachasungirwi pamutemo rwakaiswa ari oga kirasi, asi mune tsika, vamwe vanachiremba nhasi vanoshandisa hwakare.

Sezvo chiremba anoona chirwere?

Paunoshanya chiremba murwere vachafanira narwo nhevedzano zvidzidzo kuziva COPD kana kuwana yakasiyana matambudziko chikonzero utano. Chirwere matanho dzinosanganisira:

• mukuru rokuongorora;
• spirometry;
• mharidzo kuburikidza bronchodilator kusanganisira inhalation COPD, vasati uye pashure iyo kudzidza rinoitwa chaiwo kufema ezvinhu, vachicherechedza zviratidzo;
• Maekisirei, mukuwedzera - tomography, kana nyaya iri kujeka (kunobatsira kufungidzira makuru STRUCTURAL kuchinja sei).

Kunodiwa akaunganidza sputum ivhu kuti kuongorora precipitates. Izvi zvinoita kuti vafunga sei zvikuru kuzvimba, uye chii hunhu. Kana totaura exacerbation pamusoro COPD, ari sputum anogona vafunga, izvo kwakamutsa microorganism utachiona uye izvo mishonga inogona kushandiswa pamusoro pake.

Body plethysmography mabasa, panguva iyo hunoyerwa kufema kwokunze. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti zvakanyatsonanga uwandu zvemapapu okuita, uyewo zvinoverengeka parameters kuti hazvigoni zvinofungidzirwa spirography.

Iva nechokwadi kuti kutora ropa zvinonyatsorehwa kuongorora. Izvi zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuziva Chizenga, matsvuku masero, vari kumashure kuti mhedziso pamusoro yakachena kukanganisika. Kana tiri kutaura pamusoro kusemburwa, ipapo zvachose pachisara rinopa mashoko kushoma. Ongorora uwandu leukocytes uye ESR.

Ropa zvakare akaedzwa kuti gasi kugutsikana. Izvi zvinoita kuti azive kwete chete yakachena wevasungwa asi carbon dioxide. Zvinokwanisika nemazvo kuongorora zvakadini kana ropa yakazara yakachena zvakakwana.

Runokosha tsvakurudzo anova unonzi, electrocardiograph, echocardiogram, Ultrasound, umo chiremba anogamuchira mashoko akarurama pamusoro mamiriro mwoyo, uye anoziva kumanikidzwa iri pulmonary tsinga.

Pakupedzisira, vakatakura fibrobronchoscopy. Zviri kutsvakurudza mhando ichi, apo yakanatsa ezvinhu mucous iri principales. Doctors kushandisa gadziriro chaidzo ndivo zvinyama ivhu, zvichiita kuti kuongorora cellular Kuronga mucosa. Kana nechirwere kujeka, ichi chinokosha michina nokuda chakagadziridzwa ayo, sezvo anobvumira kuti asava zvimwe zvirwere zvakafanana zviratidzo.

Zvichienderana chaizvo yacho vave chinhu optioneel kushanya kune pulmonologist kujekesa mamiriro nhengo.

Tinobata pasina mishonga

COPD kurapwa - mumwe muitiro zvakaoma kuti rinoda RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA nzira. Chokutanga, funga asiri zvinodhaka zviyero hunodiwa mune chirwere.

Doctors vanoti:

• chose kurega kusvuta;
• yakadzikama zvokudya, kusanganisira mapuroteni-zvokudya zvoumbozha;
• chinja yechiitwa, regai kuita zvakapfurikidza;
• kuderedza uremu kuti mureza, kana pane zvimwe uremu;
• kwete kukurumidza kufamba nguva;
• achishambira;
• kurovedza tsika kufema.

Uye kana zvinodhaka?

Zvechokwadi, muna COPD anogona kuita pasina zvokurapa kurapa. Chekutanga kuteerera chikosoro mushonga uye pneumococcal. Zvakanyanyokosha kuti nhomba muna October kana pakati paNovember, sezvo mberi zvinoderedza kunyatsoshanda, kunowedzera mukana wokuti akanga atova kuonana utachiona, nemavhairasi, uye jekiseni haripi zvirwere mhinduro.

Kuvawo netsika mushonga, ane chinangwa chikuru - kuwedzera Árbol sepombi uye varambe zvakanaka. Kuti aite izvi, kunetseka chinyamunhari chinorwadza uye kushandisa zviyero kuti kuderedza kugadzirwa sputum. Heano chinobatsira zvinotevera mishonga:

• theophylline;
• Beta-2 agonists;
• M-cholinolytics.

Izvi zvinodhaka vanokamurwa huviri subgroups:

• refu-nokuita;
• pfupi-nokuita.

Wokutanga rutsigiro principales chaiye ezvinhu mukati maawa 24, boka rechipiri anoita maawa 4-6.

Short-kuita mishonga inoshandawo mu wokutanga danho, uyewo mune ramangwana kana zvava kudikanwa kwenguva pfupi, kureva, pakarepo vane zviratidzo kuti vanofanira kukurumidza kugadziriswa. Asi kana izvi mishonga regai kupa zvakakwana zvabuda, vakaungana kuna refu nemishonga.

Newewo haagoni kufuratira Anti-anogumbura zvinodhaka nokuti kudzivisa kunaka kuitika principales muti. Asi kuzvishandisa ndiko kunonzi kurumbidzwaka uku vanachiremba kuri hazviiti. Zvakakosha kuti chiremba akatarisira zvinodhaka mishonga.

Serious kurapwa - kwete nechikonzero chokutya

In COPD varayire glucocorticosteroid mahormone. Kazhinji dziri inhalations. Uye pano ari muchimiro mahwendefa mishonga yakadaro akanaka munguva exacerbation. Courses vari kutora, kana hosha anomhanya nesimba, akaita mberi kunonoka Danho. Zvinoratidza kuti varwere vanotya kushandisa yakadaro achishandisa kana chiremba anokurudzira pavo. It hwakazara nezvemhosva nemishonga.

Tevedzera vakarangarira kuti kazhinji kukonzera divi siyana mahormone kubatwa muchimiro mahwendefa kana jekiseni. Muchiitiko chino, zvakajairika:

• osteoporosis;
• neBP;
• cheshuga.

Kana mishonga iyo inoshandiswa nenzira yekudzivirira, maitiro ayo achava akaoma pamusana pezana duku rezvinhu zvinoshanda zvinopinda mumuviri. Iyi fomu inoshandiswa pamusoro, inosanganisira zvikuru maronchial muti, iyo inobatsira kudzivisa yakawanda migumisiro yemigumisiro.

Inofanirawo kuonekwa kuti chirwere ichi chinosanganiswa nekusingaperi kwezvokuvhiringidza zvirongwa, izvo zvinoreva kuti nguva dzenguva dzenguva dzemishonga dzichashanda. Kuti unzwisise kana pane chigumisiro kubva kune mishonga yakasarudzwa, iwe unofanira kutora iko kwemwedzi mitatu, woenzanisa mhinduro.

Inhalation mafomu anogona kukonzera migumisiro inotevera:

• Candidiasis;
• Inzwi rinoputika.

Kuti udzivise izvi, unoda kushambidza muromo wako nguva dzose mushure mekutora mhinduro.

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvingabatsira?

Apo COPD inoshandiswa zvakashandiswa kushandisa antioxidant zvinodhaka zvine uturu hwevhitamisi A, C, E. Mucolytics zvinonzwisisika, sezvo dzinoderedza bundu rakagadzirwa uye kubatsira kuburitsa iyo. Oxygen therapy inobatsira, uye kana zvichiitika kukura kwakanyanya kwemamiriro acho ezvinhu - mafungiro ekudzivirira kwepammonary system. Kana chirwere chichikura, unogona kutora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, asi pasi pekutarirwa kwechiremba.

Zvikomborero zvakawanda zvakaunzwa ku selective inhibitors ye phosphodiesterase-4. Iyi ndiyo mishonga chaiyo inogona kusanganiswa nedzimwe mishonga inoshandiswa muCOPD therapy.

Kana chirwere ichocho chichigumburwa nehutachiona hwemajini, zvino chiitiko chekushandura kubhadhara. Kuti uite izvi, shandisa alpha-1-antitrypsin, iyo inokonzerwa nehutano hwekusangana hunobudiswa nemuviri kusvika pane zvakakwana.

Surgery

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vanachiremba vanokurudzira kutendeukira kune mikana yekurapa. Muchiitiko ichi, vanachiremba vanobvisa zvakakanganisika zvemapapu, uye mumatambudziko akanyanya kuoma, kuita mapapu ekugadzirisa.

Matanho ekudzivirira

Ndeipi nzira yekudzivirira COPD? Pane nzira dzakakosha dzekudzivirira kukura kwechirwere here? Mishonga yemazuva ano inotaura kuti zvinogona kudzivirira chirwere chacho, asi nokuda kweizvi, munhu anofanira kuchengetedza hutano hwake uye kutora mutoro zvakanaka.

Chokutanga pane zvose iwe unoda kurega kusvuta, uyewo pamusoro pekukwanisa kusabvisa kuva mumamiriro ezvinhu anokuvadza.

Kana chirwere chacho chave chave chaonekwa, kufambira mberi kwayo kunogona kuderedzwa nekushandisa zvidzidzo zvechipiri zvekudzivirira. Inonyanya kukosha yakaratidzwa ne:

• Kurwisa, izvo zvinodzivisa kukundwa kwehutano, pneumococcus;
• Kunyanya kudya kwemishonga inorayirwa nachiremba. Yeuka kuti chirwere chacho chisingaperi, saka chirwere chenguva pfupi hachizobatsiri chaicho;
• Kudzora kubasa. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzidzisa mishonga yemapfupa ekufema. Zvakakosha kufamba uye kushambira zvakanyanya, shandisa nzira dzekufema gymnastics;
• Inhalers. Vanofanira kukwanisa kushandisa zvakakodzera, sekushanda kusina kukodzera kunotungamirira kusakosha kwechigumisiro chekurapa kwakadaro. Kazhinji, chiremba anokwanisa kutsanangurira murwere nzira yekushandisa mushonga kuitira kuti ibudirire.