Court, dare chikwata. Dzidziso mudziyo zvikepe

Chero shipbuilder, izvo anoronga kupa mitoro uye mutakurwi motokari vanofanira kungwarira kuti zvakakodzera kusika mudare. The mudziyo Zvikepe - iri sayenzi unokubvumira kutarisira uye zvakanaka kuongorora maitiro chikepe panguva kushanda kwayo chero, kunyange zvinhu pazvinenge zvakaoma zvikuru.

Chii ngarava?

Ngarava iri zvinoyangarara kunzwisisa ouinjiniya mamiriro kuti anogadziriswa nhamba matambudziko - kubva National upfumi kuruzhinji uye inokosha. Mumwe zvinoyangarara zvinoreva ine vakawanda zvigadziriswe uye zviyero, namano uye apparatuses, Integrated uye yakatsiga nokushanda uye iyo pave nemidziyo. The mudziyo Zvikepe rakaoma uye pasi mitemo wefizikisi, uye hunobva yemhando ruzivo ano uye mberi nokubudirira. Zvikepe Modern dzinokurukurwa zvakasiyana huru zvichienderana unhu kwezvinhu zvavo uye zvinokosha maitiro. Court vanozviriritira propelled uye nezvipembenene akayangarara pamusoro pemvura, pamusoro pemvura uye pasi mvura, nezvirwere zvakasiyana pokugara.

Zvichienderana nzvimbo wekushandisa chikepe kuwa mugungwa, kure negungwa (kureva, rwizi uye gungwa) uye zvakavhenganiswa mhando, ndiko kuti, avo kuti zvokufambisa pakati gungwa uye rwizi zvengarava. Zvichienderana injini mhando, chinoguma kwebasa mudziyo, ndiyo yoga zvikepe, zvikepe uye dizelehody. Engines pavazhe inogona sikuruu, pamwechete injini yacho bapiro, chovha mavhiri, chikepe anogona kutama maseiri kana zvikwasviso.

Ndezvipi yevagari dare?

The mudziyo ngarava vari mubasa vehurumende zvokufambisa, vakafunga kunze kuitira kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti dzose anoita mari, zvichienderana kwavaienda. The kupfuura mukurumbira yezvokutengeserana zvikepe - a chokufambisa uye hove. Transport raanoziva akagadzirirwa kuti chigaro chinotakurwa vatakurwi kana nhumbi, kana zvose panguva imwe chete uye vari rakakamurwa liners uye Trump. Fishing akapa nhamba huru marudzi - hove, whaling, fekitari zvikepe, hove cannery trawlers uye zvichingodaro.

Key waivako ehupfumi

mudziyo mumwe nomumwe ane mamwe rwokugadzira ehupfumi. Tungamirirwa kwavari, zvikonzero zvakadai mukana yokufambisa uye upfumi, izvo zvinoratidza muedzo. Midziyo midziyo zvinoenderana parameters akadai:

• kutakura: parameter ichi inechirevo nhumbi chinogona kutakura mudziyo pasina kuchinja magadzirirwe kumhara; mambure chinzvimbo akataura zvachose kurema payload, iyo anotakura zvinoreva, uye deadweight - ndicho zvachose kurema zvose nhumbi, kusanganisira uwandu peturu, bhaira mvura, uremu mukwende uye rikarira, kureva Verengai zvinhu zvose mungarava;
• misha: Verengai zvose kugara uremu, hunobata zvinonyatsorehwa kurema mudziyo yose;
• cargo: bhuku zvose nhumbi dzezvimwe pamusoro zvinoyangarara chikwata;
• zviyo tonnage: ndiyo yokungotaura uwandu nhumbi nzvimbo, iyo isina vaiona uwandu redzimba nezvimwe zvemukati hurongwa;
• pedza vanokwanisa: chakarurama ichi segwapa kwakajairika vhoriyamu nzvimbo chikepe vose, akatakura nhumbi vakatakurwa;
• navi kumhanya: kubva chakarurama ichi kunobva zvoupfumi kunyatsoshanda ari mudziyo yayo kutakura vanokwanisa;
• cruising dungwerungwe: ndiko kuti, kure ngarava inogona kupfuura pane imwe kumhanya pasina kudikanwa muzadze mumatanda;
• Maneuverability: parameter ichi rinoratidza mudziyo Kukwanisa kuita zvimwe anofambisa panzvimbo yokutanga kushandura mirayiridzo uye nokukurumidza;
• imwe kuzvionera: nechiidzo nguva yacho mudziyo pasina replenishment peturu, mvura uye zvokudya;
• survivability, kureva mano ngarava kuti zviitiko zvisingafanoonekwi kupedza njodzi kushambira.

Kugadzikana - nechiidzo inokosha

Pfungwa Ngarava kuvakwa kunosanganisira pfungwa kugadzikana nerimwe zvinoyangarara michina. Pasi pfungwa iyi zvinoreva zvinhu pasi iyo mudziyo uri sangano iri wehunyambiri chinzvimbo uye pashure kuswatura mafungiro. An rinokosha iri reDare yakarurama vachizvitakudza mudziyo mumwe nomumwe nokuda rakavimbika uye kunyatsoshanda. The chikepe anogona kuchinja takatsiga pasi pokudzora mhepo uye mafungu, kudzikama zvinoenderana chii nzvimbo iri metacentre panyaya pakati regiravhiti. Metacentre wechokwadi - ndiwo pfungwa apo vaviri pedyo muchinjikwa mirayiridzo buoyancy. Kugadzikana nguva nezvainoita rectification roruvanze sokuvapo musimboti regiravhiti hahuwanikwi pamusoro metacentre wechokwadi. Kana metacentre pazasi, chikepe haangavi urambe wakatsiga.

Sei chikepe?

General urongwa midziyo zvavo mazwi sezvinotevera. The chikuru chaikosha iri dzimba ina yokunze ganda - ndiwo hwaro nechepasi uye mumativi. Pamusoro redzimba riri namahwindo uriri, apo pangava wandei, zvichienderana nemhando mudziyo. Yokumusoro uriri ane kureba kumativi uye nouta kusvika shure kwake - pamusoro payo akaronga nzvimbo zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Kana uriri iri refu - kumativi, zvino inonzi superstructure kana anopindura chete muchikepe - a kabhini. Vamwe midziyo pamusoro yokumusoro uriri vachiri pfupi pamusoro uriri kuti vawane basa - kunogona chikepe, achifamba uriri. Uriri iri kunyange yakakwirira kuva anokosha Somuenzaniso, redhiyo mumba kana musimboti kudzora pambiru.

Kushandiswa ra simbi pepa akasiyana ukobvu, apo inobva pachipo yomukati puranga, unonzi raundi mudziyo. Anosanganisira transverse yakarongeka mapuranga, stringers longitudinal matanda, nematanda anotsigira achipfeka. The shop inogona akavezwa madhoo uye akacheka-outs, izvo zvinofanira kuva simba - kuita zvavo Trim simbi machira uye dzakaenzana.

Pasi zvikuru ano zvikepe, kaviri, pamwe pezviri flooring. Izvi magadzirirwo akangwara kwakabatana achishandisa yokuchengeteka. In miviri ea inogona kuchengetwa mvura mafuta, mvura yakachena, kutsigisa igwa mvura, iyo aligns ngarava uye kunyura zvakadzama mumvura. Inside dzimba rakakamurwa nezvikamu kubudikidza transverse bulkheads, iyo kunoitwa nokuda transverse simba uye unsinkable chikepe.

Anosanganisira nhamba dzinokosha zvinhu mudziyo mudziyo. The dhayagiramu rinoratidza kuti iri motokari ndivo injini, hwindimiri uye vakasunungura. Thruster - zano kunokanganisa kutendeuka kubva zvokuimba simba pamusoro injini musimba kwebasa mudziyo. Vakasunungura runodikanwa gozvo, apo mune ano shanduro yakashandurwa. Funga zvinhu zvimwe hurongwa zvikepe zvakawanda.

Features vanoumba Hull

Pfungwa chikepe mano inobva chokwadi, mutoro chii chinozova pamusoro pake. The mudziyo wacho Hull riri pasi pokudzora hydrostatic kumanikidzwa nemauto, izvo kukura ichiwedzera udzamu. Nokuda chikepe yomugungwa kufurirwa kuita transverse zvinorema uye mutoro kubva yayo vhoriyamu nzira, uyewo buoyancy. Somugumisiro, chimiro dzimba kunobva mhando mudziyo uye chinangwa chawo, uyewo tonnage raida vhoriyamu rinei, nhamba shop, ari transverse kugadzikana uye nokukurumidza. Uyezve, chimiro dzimba kunoenderana chinangwa chokufambisa raanoziva wayo woshanda maitiro.

zvakananga zvinhu

Shipbuilding - a rakaoma chichiitwa, iyo inoita basa zvose. Modern muviri zvitarisiko yakasiyana chaizvo vaya vakanga pakutanga. Chokutanga, kuchinja vakasikwa zvinhu uye michina. Kana pakutanga zvinoyangarara zvinoreva yakagadzirirwa kubvira huni, ipapo zvishoma nezvishoma yakatsiva simbi, simbi. An rinokosha iri reDare chiedza uremu mazano apo kuramba simba. Kushandisa nomoto nokuti unobatanidza zvinhu zvinoita kuti kuderedza uwandu STRUCTURAL zvinhu uye kuvaita kupenya uye nokudaro vafuke.

Modern zvinoyangarara zvinoreva vane munyoro simbi uye vakakanda simbi zvikamu, chiedza alloys uye mapurasitiki. Uyezve, mapurasitiki zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa kwete chete nokuda pagadzirwe zvikamu, asiwo pakusikwa midziyo zviduku, zvakadai hove kana mitambo kana lifeboats.

Kunyanya yokunze ganda

The rokunze ganda rokunze goko hulls, iro mvura kufurirwa rinokundwa. It kunobva simba kwomuviri wake. The ganda rokunze - ichi mumwe machira vakabatana mumwe mumwe Welding. Ukobvu rukoko urwu-siyana uye kunoenderana Kureba kweareka, nekukwirira kwayo namasvingo divi, uyewo kubva kunonaya, uye daro pakati pemapuranga - yembabvu housings, iro chimiro chaiwo chikepe. Marine mudziyo urongwa ari akadai kuti mumwe mudziyo chete angava akasiyana cladding ukobvu panguva munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Greater kunetseka nemiedzo amidships, saka pane pakukora jira mukuru mu wamativi. Pasi amplification ari pasi akagadzirwa uta uye kwechikepe ngarava, nokuda simba yokukandwa.

Deck uye underdeck

Deck - chinhu chinokosha chipi mudziyo. Mudziyo kwokunze ngarava kubva dzinovaka nemaonero zvakafanana, apo uriri - bindepinde uyu redzimba yaidzika yakatambarara. Okumusoro uriri ichaongororwa huru - anoumba nevakawanda hamvuropu kumatare. shop All, riri pazasi huru, tinofanira kuwedzera kushandisika munharaunda yacho mudziyo. Deck, yakatorongedzwa pamusoro dzinonzi wedzera-Ons. Flooring chikuru uriri anogona kuva akasiyana ukobvu - zvichienderana Kureba kweareka uye kukwirira kumativi acho.

Zviri gozvo giya

The mudziyo wacho gozvo mudziyo anoita huru chinangwa - kuti kupikisa zvokunze mauto, kureva mhepo, magetsi, izvo zvingaita kuti yakatsauka kubva mukufamba nhumbi. Munguva dzekare, pachinzvimbo zvidzoreso anoshandiswa swinging zvikwasviso shure, vakabva vachinja articulated gozvo, iyo yakaiswa huru achipfeka. Nhasi pane mhando dzakawanda vakasunungura - the vanhuwo uye balancer kusvika uta thruster. Handlebars tiri kushingaira uye pusa: kare regai iwe tenderera mudziyo panguva kufamba mvura chokuita Hull. Active mudhiraivho unokubvumira tenderera somunhu kubvongodzwa uye chikepe chinobatsira.

Pusa mudziyo gozvo midziyo inosanganisira joko ane hutachiwana, gozvo injini, vakasunungura. Zvikepe akare kumboroora-rukoko chidhiraivho, uye nhasi anoshandiswa kunyanya rakamonana Profile zvidzoreso. Active vhiri anoita mabasa zvaro chiitiko kuti chikepe asina inofamba, unova Mbambo. Active gozvo zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa zvokushandisa fekitari zvikepe, whaling ngarava uye kugadziriswa.

Kuti uvandudze maneuverability, ngarava inowanzoshandiswa thruster mudziyo. Vari hwavapo panguva uta kana kwechikepe dzamaoko transversely ari mugero, idzo mbiri propellers. ebetsero nzira ichi vaifanira kushandisa mudziyo vari chaizvo yakaderera nokukurumidza. The gozvo giya anosarudzwa zvichienderana chinangwa chikepe inoshandiswa: rimwe boka zvidzoreso sei richengetedzwe kutsiga kosi, mumwe inobatsira zvinovimbisa maneuverability zvakanaka.

Anchor - chinhu chinokosha pamusoro

Yakanyatsoti midziyo yevhu kunodikanwa kuitira kuchengeta zvinoyangarara zvinoreva panzvimbo apo kunodiwa kukurira kwakadaro zvimwewo zvinhu zvakadai mhepo, masaisai, magetsi. Court nhema anchor mu migwagwa kana kutarisira pamukova chiteshi, uyewo mune zvashata ezvinhu. Modern chikepe anounzwa yakasiyana-siyana uye vari mapoka mapoka. Somuenzaniso, Rod zvibatiso tsvimbo, chikepe, zvibatiso zvibatiso Trotman Hall kushongedzera zvemitambo magwa kana nechikepe kudzidzisa zvivako.

Anchor midziyo mano anoshanda sezvinotevera: apo chikepe rinodzokera inowira pasi, pakwakanga kunoitika Towing mudziyo. Anchor kana uchityaira sezvarinonamatira "tsoka" nokuti pasi. Kurinhonga, shandisa mashoko chikepe ngetani nayo anomutsa chinobata kusvikira pasi pamusoro, vachisimudza rugure pasi. Mbambo cheni urefu kunobva mhepo kufurirwa, kuvhunduka mafungu uye anofanira kutarisira zvose kwokunze masimba aya. Yakanyatsoti mudziyo anowanzodanwa iri uta ngarava, apo vakaisa uye windlass, izvo Anomhanyira wemagetsi kana hydraulic tikachirega.

A dzinokosha mashoko

The yakanyatsoti mudziyo Matare vanofanira nechokwadi kuti chikepe chaigona kumira dhoku vari pachiteshi. Mooring zvinoitwa mooring mitsetse - vanokweverwa kubva mudziyo pamahombekombe Tsanga yacho yaichekwa. Nhasi, zvinhu izvi zvinoitwa kubva vafuke epurasitiki. Kana kusvika ngarava pamahombekombe navo vabudiswa mooring tambo.

The vakawanda mudziyo uye mudziyo vakaratidza dzakawanda chikepe enyika muchimiro kuomesa uye kutsigisa igwa hurongwa, Verwarming kutonhodza. Mumwe nomumwe wavo rine basa: rinokurudzira abudise zvakagoverwa yakaungana pasi pemvura mugungwa racho kutsigisa igwa zvinodiwa kuti abudise uye muzadze pamwe gungwa matangi emvura, uye dzimwe gadziriro zvinoenderana kuchengeteka uye ichinyaradzwa nokushanda mudziyo mumwe nomumwe.