Culture nyika Russian muna 12-13 emakore - chikuru nzendo pakukura

Culture nyika Russian muna 12-13 emakore, nokuda intensification pamusoro feudal kusabatana, vachinetesa simba Kiev. On kumucheto kamwe chikuru mamiriro kuva duku feudal zvemisoro. polycentrism Izvi zvinobatsira kuti tsika dzakawanda nzvimbo, izvo kare yekudyidzana vakabva Kiev simba uye vave nhungamiro yavo yepakutanga. North Russia Aimiririrwa Vladimir-Suzdal uye Novgorod kweutongi, kumavirira - Galicia-Volyn. Arts, mapurani, mabhuku, sayenzi - Ndivo huru yokurera chakaitika tsika Russian munyika 12-13 emakore. Rondedzera muchidimbu dzenzvimbo izvi pazasi.

akitekicha

Mumwe nomumwe ukuru Russian vanoti kuti kutungamirirwa basa nemagariro kukura. Tichitevedzera guta guru Kiev neimwe vari yakavakwa sezvinoitwa machechi St. Sophia, wakateya Gate Golden. Nokufamba kwenguva, pane anoyemurika yayo inokosha werudzii, hunhu Russian mapurani yekare. Vladimir kubvuma Cathedral, Church of Intercession pamusoro Nerl, Dmitrievsky Cathedral - yakakurumbira mapurani ounyanzvi, riri inozivikanwa kuti tsika enyika Russian 12-13 emakore.

Literature. birchbark

Tsamba yokutanga pamusoro Birch nemakwati vaakawana Novgorod muna 1951. Ivo ndeyemunguva 11-12 remakore. Zvakazoonekazve Birch nemakwati muPskov, Vitebsk, uye Smolensk, Staraya Russa. Zvikurukuru tsamba kutsanangura evanhu zvoupenyu mumazuva iwayo. Kune kumatare, probate uye okutarisira wemirayiro, mirairo. Pakati zvinokosha anowana netsamba achirondedzera kudzidza muna Russia yekare. Sezvo zvikazikamwa, ruzhinji vomuUmambo Russian kubva mumagariro akasiyana siyana munyika iyoyo vaiziva sei kuti kuverenga uye kunyora. Uye kuverenga yakadzidziswa kwete chete varume asiwo vakadzi.

Books uye Translations

A nzvimbo zvikuru mabhuku nguva wakapiwa mabhuku edzidziso. Culture nyika Russian muna 12-13 emakore kuzhinji mabasa vashanduri kubva zvose mitauro anozivikanwa. A kuwanda zvechitendero akadhindwa mumutauro wokuRussia. Nokufamba kwenguva, ndakatanga kushandura uye mabhuku. Lives kwazvo varume nezvibvumirano zvavo, uye chido. Panguva ino mune yemamongi zvakanyorwa siyana yenhau uye yaMakoronike. Chakasimudzira kuwarirawo mhando itsva mabhuku basa - "kudzidzisa". The inozivikanwa zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa akapukunyuka kusvikira nhasi: ". Turika" "Kuraira kubva Monomakh",

sayenzi zvakasikwa

Mberi ruzivo rwesayenzi womunhu uye zvakasikwa - mumwe mukuru nzvimbo chakaitika tsika dzacho Russian muna 12-13 emakore. Foreign Manyoro, anotsanangura mamiriro enyika uye zvakasikwa, kusiyana kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, ari kushingaira rakashandurwa uye anoparadzirwa. Chokwadi, mazuva iwayo, zvose zvakasikwa vakanga zvichishandurwa nemashoko zvechitendero, asi magwaro vakapiwa anodiwa zvinhu yokutsvakurudza ramangwana.

Painting 12-13 remakore

Culture nyika Russian kunoratidzwa ne chidzoke wokuRussia kuvake kupenda. Izvi kufamba mune zvechitendero auya kwatiri vachibva Byzantium, asi gare gare kuva evasingatombonamati Russian uri gwara. Strict vazviomesere pakati Byzantine kwemifananidzo shoma anoenderana anofara maonero kumabvazuva Slavs. The chikuru vanotongwa kwemifananidzo Russian vakachengetedzwa mazita Byzantine. Somuenzaniso, Byzantine chinoramba mufananidzo rakajairika Musikana "Oranta" - achinyengetera, "Odigidriya" - akabata mwana mumaoko ayo, "Eleusa" - vachisundira Child. nzvimbo huru mbiri kunge dzinounzwa iconography - Novgorod, iyo inoshandisa inopenya, zvine mavara, uye Kiev kushandisa yakasvinuka noruvara uye hafu-zvenzwi.

Panguva iyoyowo, kwakapararira chikumbiro rwokugadzira - ibwe kuvesa uye matanda. Stone mifananidzo akashongera temberi uye dzoushe, uye matanda mapatani vakawana kunyange muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, vakanga akashongedzwa vanovengwa muupenyu uye kubika nemidziyo.

Pasinei feudal kusabatana, tsika dzacho Russian muna 12-13 emakore akanga ari mukuru pamwero. Uyezve kwayo kubudirira chaitadzisa kutanga iri wechiTatar-Mongol mauto wokuRussia munyika uye kugadzwa Tartar joko.