Dagestan mitauro. Dagestani mhuri. Dagestan mabhuku

Kunyange nemakambani Dagestan Caucasian mitauro zvinhu zvakasiyana kusiyana, hunova uye kusiyana-siyana. Mimwe mitauro dzakananga kune mumwe auls duku, nei Dagestan akadana "gomo mitauro."

Kusiyana mitauro

Rakanyorwa sanyorwa mitauro gomo Dagestani, pane vanenge makumi matatu. Dagestani mitauro achitaurwa nevanopinda rokumabvazuva boka Caucasian mitauro Japhetic. Chechen-Dagestani boka iri ukama kure pamwe Abkhaz-Adygei yokumadokero boka. Mukati boka Dagestan mitauro kuva noukama hwepedyo, uchapupu ichi ndicho girama uye mashoko (kunyanya Avar uye Lak mitauro).

Mimwe mitauro Dagestan akadzidza zvishoma. Well akaongorora Dargin, Avar, Lezgi, Lak. Chete unogona kugadzira rokutanga kupatsanura nokuda kwechikonzero ichi.

Driving Dagestan mitauro

It vangatarira sezvinotevera:

1. Group Avar-Ando-Dido. Chinosanganisira mitauro zvinotevera: Andean (godobari, Andi ahvah, Botlikh, carat, bagvalal, Tindi, chamalal); Avar; Dido (Capucho, hvarshi, ginuh, hunzal, Didot); aul mutauro Archi kana rocha.
2. Group Dargin. Zvinosanganisira Dargin, Kubachi uye kaytaksky mitauro.
3. Lak boka iri Lak chete.
4. Group Lezghian. Chinosanganisira zvinotevera mitauro: Lezgi, Samur (Agulla Tsakhur, Rutul, Jack, haput, Khinalug, Kryz, Udi, buduk) Tabasaran.

Dagestan mitauro morphologically verbs havasi kushanda. Mavari hapana musiyano pakati pachako uye haasi siyana rechiito. mitauro yakawanda Dagestani sei akawanda siyana declination uye uwandu mhosva.

Dagestani zita

Dagestani marudzi All, kusanganisira Kumyks vane mazita chete rinenge. Mataurirwo dzingasiyana. The hombe - ndiro zita Arab. Recently kwave nokukwereta pachavo mazita mutauro wokuRussia.

Mazita akawanda Dagestani zvinochengeterwa sechikamu mhuri (dzavo). Ivo vakaita mumitauro Dagestani chaizvo muzvizhinji suffix. Somuenzaniso, muna Avar mutauro suffix -al: zita Eria - Ilyasal (Ilyasova). In Lak -hul kushandisa suffix muzita Ali - Alihul (Aliev).

The Kuronga Generic (tuhumnyh, mhuri) mazita kusanganisira zvinokosha kuti anoumba Dagestani mashoko, zvakajairika emazita uye mazita emadzinza, nzvimbo mazita.

Declination mazita

Mumitauro Dagestani pamwe ibatanidzo Generic (zita-tuhum) uye zita pakutanga kuisa zita iri genitive muzvizhinji, uye ipapo zita. Somuenzaniso: Ahmadhal Ali, Muhtarlany Gazhi.

mitauro Dagestani kubvumira kunyengetedza mhuri zita zvino, kana pasina zita. Kana inomira pedyo tuhumnym (Generic) Saka, sezvo mutemo, kuderera zvinobvira, kureva zita anoramba genitive nyaya, zita iri akasendamira.

Kana achiita dzakasiyana-siyana magwaro - Ngazvive pasipoti, muchato, arşive, tsamba, etc. - .. The Mazita mhuri vari akashandurwa, Dagestan suffixes vari ipapo yakatsiva -ev Russian, Female. Somuenzaniso: kurbanova, Akhmedov, Omarov.

Dagestan mabhuku

Mabhuku avanhu Dagestan akasiyana uye mitauro. Kwemazana emakore anova pamusoro kumykskom, Dargin, Avar, Lak, Tabasaran, Lezgin uye Tat mitauro. In rimwe nerimwe remabhuku aya pakutanga kuumbwa, ichi zvikurukuru novimba tsika uye socio-zvoupfumi. Nhoroondo vanhu Dagestan zvinoratidzwa ngano: vanhu lyrical uye paakaita nziyo ngano, tsika, mashoko, zvirevo, ngano. Vakawanda vavo vari azadzwa humanistic uye gutsaruzhinji zvinotarisirwa, anoratidza vanhu tinorwisana yevadzvinyiriri. Saka, somuenzaniso, "dzebato Patima", Lak rwiyo inotiudza hondo muna 13-14 emakore fung. pamwe eMongolia. On pakurwisa feudal udza Kumyk "Kartgochak", "Rwiyo Aygaz".

The Dagestan rengano, umhare epics, nziyo munhoroondo inosanganisira motifs rengano uye nziyo dzimwe ndudzi yeGeorgia, Azerbaijan, kuMiddle East uye Central Asia. Pamwechete ngano 17-18 fung emakore. achishingaira yakatanga mabhuku tsika mu omunharaunda uye Arabic. Feudal nguva kunoratidzwa nhoroondo yaMakoronike, mabhuku pazvivako, akadhindwa siyana pamusoro philology uye dzinongoitika nesayenzi nyaya, vose vane mabhuku makodzero.

Muzana remakore rechi17 kukura nyanzvi rokunyika mabhuku kukanganiswa Dagestani chikoro mango Kudutlya, Shaaban kubva nomukombero. Ikoko akadzidza uzivi, mutauro Arabic, mutemo, maduramazwi vakasikwa, panguva iyo kwakange kune vokutanga ivhu kunyora. Nzira Kugadzirwa Dagestan mabhuku kunogona kurondwa kudzokera nhoroondo yaMakoronike Magomed Tahir al-ngoro, Gadzhi Ali, Hasan Alkadari.

Literature 19-20th emakore

Nechekare muzana remakore rechi19 kusvika Dagestani mabhuku vakafarira zvikuru masayendisiti Russian. Rave zvakasikwa uye yakabudiswa mabhuku akawanda pamusoro nhoroondo uye ethnography pamusoro Dagestan. "Derbent-zita" - mukuru yakabudiswa muna St. Petersburg muna 1851, Purofesa Kazembekom rakashandurirwa Chirungu, haana kupindura. Muna 1898 iri Tiflis, ndiye bhuku rakabudiswa uye kushandurirwa mumutauro Russian. Uyewo, "Derbent-zita" kushandurirwa mumutauro Lak.

The October Revolution pamusoro 1917 gore kwakamboitwa Dagestan mabhuku yakawanda. Zvakatanga nokukurumidza kukura kwayo. Panguva Civil War, akaberekwa nziyo echimurenga zhinji, partisan kuti vakarumbidza Communist mubato, rusununguko, vanhu vanopandukira. Pasi pokutonga Soviet, marudzi ose Dagestan vakaungana munguva idzodzo akatanga kuva mutauro zvakanyorwa kuti vanodzidzisa vakawanda vanogara. Yokutanga Matanho kukura post-echimurenga mabhuku Dagestan akaita vanyori vakadai H. Batyrmurzaev, Mr. Saidov. Panguva iyoyo, paiva nechinetso - rumbidzai simba Soviet, vaite basa anoparadzirwa rechiKomonisiti pfungwa uye panguva imwecheteyo kufumura utsinye Bourgeois pfungwa.

Munguva World War II Dagestan vadetembi nevanyori akatsanangura pezvaiitwa varwi Soviet uyo aitsigira yokumusha kwavo. mabasa dzakawanda dzave akanyorwa maitiro zviri zvavo unyanzvi. Panguva iyoyo, vakasikwa mabasa akadai kuchikosha se "pamberi-mutsetse mudzimai musoja kuti", "Rwiyo vasvitsa" Tsadasa; "Inzwi ramai vake," "Panguva masuo Caucasus" Hajiyev; "Cannon Salvos 'Gamzatov; "Kuona mountaineer 'dzimba; "Usiku", "Dnepr", "On the Road" Suleymanova.

Pari sangano wevanyori Dagestan ndeimwe pakukura Russia. nhengo dzaro zvinosanganisira zvinopfuura 140 vadetembi, playwrights, harare zimbabwe, vatsoropodzi, vashanduri. The Union ine zvikamu zvipfumbamwe, musoro mumwe nomumwe wavo anozivikanwa munyori nyika vakakurumbira.