Desert uye Semi-yerenje ivhu, okunze, miti nemhuka zvakazonaka

Semi-mugwenga - munhu yakaoma, chakaoma nzvimbo nyika apo haina kuwa vanopfuura 25 masendimita kuti kunonaya pagore. Chinhu chinokosha vakagadzirira rwavo mhepo. Zvisinei, havasi vose mumarenje pane kuchipisa mamiriro okunze, vamwe vavo, nekusiyana, vaiona coldest kumatunhu Nyika. Flora uye Fauna mune zvakasiyana dzakashandisa utsinye ezvinhu munzvimbo idzi nzira.

Sezvo pane mumarenje uye Semi-mumarenje?

Zvikonzero yakafanira icho pane mumarenje, kune vazhinji. Somuenzaniso, mune riri Atacama Desert muduku kunonaya nokuti riri mujinga gomo crests dzavo kuifukidza kubva mvura.

Ice mumarenje dzakaumbwa zvimwe zvikonzero. In Antarctica, kweArctic uye chikuru vazhinji chando inowira pamhenderekedzo kuti nzvimbo kure negungwa makore chando kushanda regai kusvika. The kunayisa kazhinji dzinosiyana kwazvo, mumwe rakanaya chando Somuenzaniso, mwero wepagore angawa. Izvi kufamba kwemhepo chando vari vakaumba mumazana amakore.

Hot Mugwenga akasiyana zvikuru siyana kwenzvimbo. Chete vamwe vavo yakafukidzirwa nejecha. Pose kupfuura rakazara hurungudo, matombo nezvimwe mhando dzakasiyana. Renje iri zvinenge zvakakwana yakazarukira weathering. Strong gusts mhepo akanhonga ngwanda ari ibwe duku uye akarova pamusoro pamatombo.

In jecha mumarenje nemhepo anotakura jecha riri munharaunda, ndinosika chinozunguzirwa akafanana deposits, makatumidzwa Dunes. Vakawanda mhando Dunes - Dunes. Dzimwe nguva, kukwirira wavo anogona kusvika 30 metres. Dune penyika angava nekukwirira 100 metres nokurebesa nokuda 100 km.

tembiricha mamiriro

Okunze irenje uye semidesert zvikuru siyana. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, masikati tembiricha inogona kusvika kusvika pachiyero 52 ° ^C. Fani iyi imhaka kushaya makore mumhepo, saka kuti hapana anoponesa pamusoro kubva zvakananga chezuva. Night tembiricha ipfupi kwazvo, zvakare nokuda kusavapo makore kuti musungo kupisa anogona airatidza pemvura.

In inopisa mumarenje mvura - isingawanzowanikwi chakajairika, asi dzimwe nguva pano nyaya simba mvura. Mushure mvura mvura haina woga muvhu, uye drains the nokukurumidza pachiso kuburikidza Flushing ivhu nezvimedu uye matombo migero akaoma, izvo vanodana mumupata.

Location murenje uye Semi-mumarenje

On makondinendi, izvo riri kuchamhembe latitudes vari mugwenga uye Semi-renje subtropical uye vakadzikama zvikamu. Dzimwe nguva pane achinaya - muna Indo-Gangetic Plain, muna Arabia, muMexico, kumaodzanyemba-nechokumadokero United States. In Eurasia, nemamwe-Tropical nzvimbo mugwenga dziri muna reCaspian mwoyo, pamusoro Central Asian uye South-Kazakh bani mumupata muCentral Asia uye asiatic Highland. Central Asian gwenga idzodzo chairwo zvikuru Continental ekunze.

Kumaodzanyemba hemisphere mumarenje uye Semi-mumarenje ivo ishoma. Heano kukuru murenje uye Semi-murenje idzodzo sezvo Namibia, Atacama gwenga inotungamirwa pamhenderekedzo Peru uye Venezuela, Victoria, Kalahari gwenga Gibson, Simpson, ari Gran Chaco, Patagonia, the Great Sandy Desert uye Semi-mugwenga Karoo kumaodzanyemba-nechokumadokero Africa.

Polar mumarenje dziri pamusoro Continental muzvitsuwa glacial Eurasia nzvimbo pazvitsuwa yeCanada rezvitsuwa, iri kuchamhembe Zimbabwe.

mhuka

Animals mumarenje uye Semi-mumarenje makore akawanda kuvapo munzvimbo idzi vakakwanisa kuchinja kune utsinye okunze. Against kupisa nokutonhora, vanovanda pachivande burrows that kudya kunyanya pevhu zvikamu zvinomera. Pakati fauna of pane mhando dzakawanda carnivores: gava Fenech, rizere miti yakarukana katsi, Cougars, Coyotes uye kunyange Tigers. Okunze irenje uye semidesert vakabatsira chokuti mhuka zhinji dzakabudirira thermoregulatory hurongwa zvakakwana. Vamwe vagari mugwenga angakudzivisai kurasikirwa Urume kuti chetatu chavo muviri uremu (semuenzaniso, geckos, ngamera,) uye pakati invertebrates pane mhando vanogona kurasikirwa mvura-zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu kwayo uremu.

In North America uye Asia akawana zvizhinji nezvinokambaira, kunyanya madzvinyu mujenya. Zvakanaka kwazvo akagovera nyoka: f-makomba, siyana dzine uturu, Boa. Mhuka huru vakawana saiga, kulan, ngamera, pronghorn, akanyangarika ichangopfuura bhiza Przewalski raMwari (mu muutapwa, unogona achiri kuwanikwa).

Mhuka zvomusango uye Semi-gwenga Russia - ndiwo siyana zvikuru nemamwe fauna of. Kumatunhu murenje inogarwa tsuro, sandstones, hedgehogs, mbizi, Jamaal, nyoka dzine uturu. Mumarenje, izvo iri munharaunda kweRussia, inowanikwawo 2 mhando madandaude - Black Chirikadzi uye Tarantula.

In polar mumarenje inogarwa polar mabheya, musk nzombe, kweArctic gava, uye dzimwe shiri.

uswa

Kana pamusoro pezvatinotaura zvinomera mumagwenga uye Semi-mumarenje kusangana mukonde siyana, zhestkolistye rekushongedzesa: nemiti, psammophytes, ephedra, nemiakasia, Haloxylon, sipo muti, musi emichindwe, dzinodyiwa lichen uye nevamwe.

Mumagwenga uye Semi-mumarenje: ivhu

Ivhu iri kazhinji underdeveloped, akafanana racho hunodzorwa mvura soluble munyu. Pakati ivhu-Anoumba matombo uye hunodzorwa yekare alluvial loess deposits kuti zvishandiswezve mhepo. Grey mashava ivhu tinoberekwa kune chakakwirira pachena munzvimbo. Mumagwenga uyewo anozivikanwa sesaline, i.e. nevhu dzine anenge 1% soluble munyu. Kuwedzera mumarenje, munyu marshes vari inowanikwa steppes uye Semi-mumarenje. Pasi Pevhu, ane munyu, kana kusvika pemvura ivhu iiswe yaro chapamusoro, zvichiguma ivhu salinity.

Zvakakwana siyana mhando ivhu cho ichi okunze munyika dzine sezvo subtropical mumarenje uye Semi-mumarenje. Nevhu munzvimbo idzi ane yakananga orenji uye chidhinha tsvuku. Kudza noruvara yavo payo akagashira yakakodzera zita - krasnozems uye zheltozemy. Mune subtropical bhandi North Africa uye kuSouth uye North America, kune mumarenje, apo vachena nevhu rakaumbwa. Mune dzimwe dzinopisa murenje idzodzo vakaumba ivhu dzvuku-yellow.

Natural nzvimbo murenje uye Semi-mumarenje - iri zvakasiyana siyana nharaunda, okunze, kasvisto uye fauna of makuru. Pasinei nehasha uye utsinye hunhu mumarenje, nharaunda idzi akava kumba mazhinji ezvinhu zvinomera uye mhuka.