Ekaterinburg Nyaya zvishoma. Ekaterinburg guta nhoroondo

Yekaterinburg - rimwe remaguta pakukura nyika yedu. Ndiye mudiki uye ndiyo imwe misha kuti dzakatangwa panguva nguva chidzoke uye kusimudzira Russian indasitiri yacho Urals. Ndokusaka, kana kuudzwa Yekaterinburg, nhoroondo guta rizere zviitiko chokuita ironworks uye simbi. Ngatitange nekuvazikanwi.

Yekaterinburg: nhoroondo nharaunda kusvikira kugara Russian

To musi, masayendisiti vane chokwadi zvinoratidza kuti munharaunda Yekaterinburg ano yaigarwa kare 8-7-fung chemakore BC. Pakati 6000 uye 5000th makore BC. e. Vagari nzvimbo idzi vobatanidzwa kukura zviwanikwa zviri munharaunda, sezvinoratidzwa zvaishandiswa akawanikwa Pavaichera pakati okudhindira yekare. With Panyaya kubudiswa nesimbi, ipapo pamusoro pamahombekombe Iset umuroore vanenge wa1 remakore AD.

The mbesa yokutanga

Panguva kuwanikwa muna ano Yekaterinburg Russian kugara hapana zvachose hwevanhu, uye dzimwe nguva pane akamisa muArabhu uye vavhimi, vari vamiririri Turkic uye Finno-Ugric madzinza. The yokugara wokutanga Russian munzvimbo iyi anonzi kuva kumusha Old Vatendi pamhenderekedzo Lake Shartash, iyo yakavambwa kumativi gore 1672. Papera chinguva, sezvo paiva kugarwa repasi uye yokumusoro Uktus. Kamwe zvikazikamwa pamusoro kwomuzvarirwo pfuma nenzvimbo idzi, muna 1702, gore kwakasarudzwa kumisa Uktussky, uye muna 1704, gore - Shuvakishsky simbi mabasa. Zvisinei, izvi emakambani ehurumende anazvo havana kuita sevanhu chinobudirira sevanhu kuti genus Demidov kuti sei muna 1720, gore Urals kuti kuongorora vakatumwa Vasily Tatishchev uye Johann Blier. Kusvika pana Uktussky fekitari, ivo akatanga Siberian mukuru Bergamo - mukuru muviri management wehurumende mafekitari mudunhu.

Sezvo zvabuda Tatishcheva zvidzidzo nokuda kweDzimba uye Shuvakishskogo Uktusskogo miti yezvinongoerekana chaizvo nzvimbo akasarudzwa. Naizvozvo, munhu mutsva Bergama Ober-Collegium akatuma St. Petersburg chikumbiro kuti mvumo yokuvaka asingashumbi hake itsva pa7 makiromita kubva kare. Zvakanga kugutsikana, uye Tatishcheva vakabviswa nyaya, vachirayira kuti adzoke guru.

Foundation muguta

Pashure 2 makore Urals varayirwa Peter Mukuru akasvika Georg De Gennin kuti, kuverenga vakaramba akaitwa nowakautangira, zviri ainyatsotsigira. Construction chakatangwa musi 12 March 1723rd gore, uye kuti hurumende sangano rake Demidov vaimanikidzwa vanotumira pamahombekombe Iset wavo nyanzvi zvakanakisisa.

Muna November, ari 1723rd gore muchitoro nenyundo kutanga kwakaitwa pamusoro chirimwa, uye chiitiko ichi nhasi vaiona kuti pazuva rokuvambwa Yekaterinburg.

Ekaterinburg: nhoroondo veguta yokutanga yezana remakore rechi18

Panguva kwayo, itsva simbi chirimwa yaiva yakakura uye simba kupfuura munyika. The chirongwa rinotungamirirwa Major General Gennin pachake yakanyorerwa Catherine Wokutanga kukumbira award fekitari-nhare Katerinburh zita. Empress nenyasha akabvuma, asi akarayira kuzodana guta Ekaterinburgom. Zita iri haana kuramba, uye nokukurumidza akazviratidza pamepu yeRussia placename "Yekaterinburg".

Nhoroondo simbi iri Urals, kubva panguva iyoyo akatanga seyakawanda chaizvo itsva azere chivande uye zviitiko zvinoshamisa. Zvakakwana kutaura kuti guta akatanga nyaya Old Vatendi kubva kuRussia uye akapukunyuka Moscow nouta, vapanduki. Ikoko kushanda ikava varanda, uye vaya vaiedza kutiza, akatumirwa kujeri, izvo nhasi aizonzi kumusasa wevasungwa.

Pugachev chimurenga

Naizvozvo guta yakavakwa sezvariri pamusoro mapfupa vashandi, imomo sevanhu vakuru Kusagutsikana. Saka, panguva Pugachev kumukira, vagari vakawanda havana averse kuti vapanduki kuti vadzokere Ekaterinburg. History akachengetedza uchapupu, kusanganisira chokwadi kuti kumukira akanga kutanga kunyange nharaunda wavatariri vakanga vasingagutsikane mutungamiri wakakombwa - General Bibikov.

gomo guta

Kamwe vagura Yekaterinburg Great Siberian mugwagwa, zvakatanga kukurumidza kukura kwayo sezvo dzaifanoiswa nomusimboti pakati Europe uye Asia. Mumakore aya, chitarisiko chake hwachinja. Zvikurukuru, zvakanga akasikwa zhinji Zvivako nhoroondo iri Yekaterinburg, izvo zvino kuonekwa kwayo chikuru zvinokwezva.

Muna 1807, gore guta rakanga paakavapa mamiriro mugomo, izvo akapa vamwe ropafadzo. Kubvira panguva iyoyo akatanga kuchengetwa ndakajeka goridhe migodhi maindasitiri, pamwe pakuvhurwa kunhivi kwemaminitsi 85 deposits zvinokosha simbi. Kuburikidza kukura mumigodhi, guta vakatanga nokukurumidza ubudirire uye kubuda somumwe anokosha zveupfumi uye tsika nzvimbo yeRussian Empire. Pane Mining Museum azaruka, nyanzvi yemitambo, Meteorological Observatory, uye vamwe.

Nhoroondo yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19 kusvikira Revolution pakati 1917

Mushure abolition kuti serfdom muna 1861 migodhi yaiva kuderera. The Dambudziko sei uye Yekaterinburg. Nhoroondo yacho kukura kubva ipapo wabuda ane siyanei nzira. Nemamwe mashoko, muna parlance ano, paiva diversification hwenyika, izvo pakupedzisira tirambe kukanganisa upenyu vagari. Yekaterinburg budiriro chakakonzera kakawanda uye kuvaka njanji kuti chokuita guta Perm.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, guta rakava pakati echimurenga kufamba, inotungamirirwa Yakov Sverdlov. Muna 1905 iye akaronga dziite Anti-hurumende hombe yakanga yarega nokuda Black Mazana uye Cossacks uyo kufanorongwa ropa vauraye.

Just isati yatanga First World War, mumwe kakawanda mueni Yekaterinburg uye akanga Kerensky, uyo akakwanisa kubata kuunganidzwa echimurenga. Parallel izvi, guta raiva zvake upenyu, uye akapotsa pamusoro avaida wokutanga yechimurenga ari Urals yunivhesiti chake chaibva pane 17 fung gore. Kazhinji, nhoroondo Yekaterinburg zvikoro unofadza zvikuru, zvichida sezvo muenzaniso kwakakodzera sangano paruzhinji dzidzo mudunhu.

hondo yevanhu venyika imwe

Kunyange nhoroondo mumigwagwa Yekaterinburg uye dzimba vakanyarara zvikuru. Saka, zvose anozivikanwa Ipatiev House, apo muna 1918, gore mhuri yose uye dzimwe pedyo bara kuti Nicholas II. Izvi pashure ropa nepfari simba October 1917 uye kusungwa chamambo, uye ipapo kutamira kune Urals. Ipapo guta kwechinguva rakanga pakutanga aidzorwa kuCzech pokugara, uye gare gare - mauto Kolchak vake. Zvisinei, muna 1919, muna Ekaterinburg inosanganisira chikamu 2nd uye 3rd wehondo pamusoro Red Army.

Sverdlovsk

Muna 1924, gore Yekaterinburg Yakazopiwa zita rokuti. zita reguta Soviet kwainge Sverdlovsk uye kusvikira 1991 .. Pamberi Yechipiri World War guta rakanga kukura nokukurumidza, uye dzakazonaka masangano dzidzo netsika itsva uyewo guru maindasitiri mabhizimisi. Mumakore akatevera, zvose mukana uyu ane basa zvakanaka chikonzero wokukunda kwechiFascist kudzorerwa wakaparadzwa upfumi Soviet Union. Mune hondo ichangopera emakore, Yekaterinburg kukura akaramba achifamba, uye kutanga pokuwa USSR, yaiva guta rakabudirira rine dzakabudirira indasitiri.

21st Century

Makore perestroika uye "achipinda 90" haisi nzira yakanakisisa kwakakanganisa emari Yekaterinburg. Zvikurukuru, mabhizimisi akawanda maindasitiri zvakavharwa. Zvisinei, pamwe pakutanga 2000s, zvinhu zvachinja, uye nhasi guta rinoramba kuwana kukura kwoupfumi. Panguva iyi Yekaterinburg wakaitwa akasiyana-siyana enyika, tsika uye varaidzo zviitiko. Somuenzaniso, basa racho "Rudo Story" akanga achangobva kwakatangwa. Ekaterinburg zvakare kazhinji vakatozodzokera dzemitambo uye zvinokwezva ayo vaswedere vashanyi, kusanganisira vokune dzimwe nyika.

Zvino kuti unoziva chii chaiva nhoroondo Ekaterinburg. Nokuti vana panewo zvakawanda dzinonakidza nzvimbo, saka pakutanga mukana kushanyira guta rino chete mhuri yose.