Panama Canal: gore pamutemo hwomukova nzvimbo yayo dzakaitika kukosha

Kwemazana emakore, vanhu yave kuedza vakiridza dzinongoitika ezvinhu paNyika kuti vawane chero zvinobatsira. Imwe nyaya yakadaro ndiyo kugadzirisa Panama Canal, gore pamutemo hwomukova nzvimbo aizivikanwa chiitiko kukanganiswa kukura yose wekushandisa muchikamu ino, pasinei zvinhu zvisina kunaka zviri kuvakwa.

Panama Canal

artificially akasika mitumbi iyi mvura iri muCentral America. The mugero kushanda so Atlantic Ocean miganhu remubatanidzwa pamwe muCaribbean. Kureba nekamukwavarara iri rakadzika azvipire mvura - vanenge 82? Km uye wakafara makubhiti 150 m, apo chikepe ndokupfuurira munzira kuburikidza matatu pesuo, uye ipapo kuwira hazvizivi mudziva Gatun. Uyezve, kuva matanho anoverengeka uye Miraflores (dzinongoitika mvura tangi) riri muchina bay. All nzira uye ndiye Panama Canal, gore pamutemo hwomukova iyo - chimwe namazana mapfumbamwe namakumi maviri.

Kuvaka chivako ichi chakanga zvikuru nokuda kukura zvoupfumi ukama pakati kunyika Central America, uyewo kutsanangurwa wekushandisa. The mugero kunoita ndima ngarava hombe zvakadaro mudziyo zvikepe uye kwematangi, apo rokuponesa kupfuura 10 000? Km mugwagwa. Nokuti wiring basa rinoitwa nomudzimu basa rinokosha, nguva yakawandisa rose chidimbu, avhareji iri maawa anenge 9.

zimba guru

The Panama Canal, mukuru Huro gore iro ndipo Implementation pfungwa pfungwa dzakawanda remakore rechi19, akatanga nhoroondo yaro pakupera 1882, parakatanga kuvakwa. Akamira panotangira guru injiniya French - Ferdinant Count of Lesseps, akanga pakarepo ruzivo vabudirire kwenheyo of neSuez Canal.

Company gang Tab inokurukurwa panguva International Congress muna 1879 kuFrance, uye ipapo akagamuchira kungobvumirawo kubva weColombia hurumende kwemakore 99. Basa iri chakaitika pamusana subscribers zvikwereti, pamwe mutengo mumwe mugove waiva 500 mafranc.

Sezvo dzekare wakaona, Count Ferdinand of Lesseps aiva nounyanzvi Wenyika uye mumiririri, asi ichangobva chisikwa chake - Panama Canal (gore pamutemo pakuvhurwa pamusoro) - kwave kune chinochemedza mugumisiro iye, zvichida nemhaka underestimation ari kutanga Mari yaidiwa kuvaka. Kukwezva vakawanda makambani, ari injiniya vakapa nhamba wakaderedzwa anenge kaviri kuti, Chokwadi, chakabata kubudirira kukwidziridzwa pabasa.

"Panama vanonyengedza"

Yakafuridzirwa pashure pakutanga pakuvaka chirongwa foromani aifanira kuenda kuburikidza akawanda zvisingafadzi nguva. Mari dzinonetsa hazvina kukwana, sezvo wokutanga chikwereti uye havana atore chetatu vakaronga mari. Vashandi havana takapfuma, mukuwedzera, murombo utsanana uye vairidza panze idenda nemarariya, fivha nemanyoka akabvisa vanhu. Hope akanga simba, uye kana munhu akanga akamubvunza mubvunzo: "Chii gore yebasa pakuvhurwa Panama Canal?" - zvirokwazvo makanika vaisagona kupa mhinduro.

mhuri Lesseps akaedza kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu, uye chirongwa rakachinjwa panguva kuomerera yacho injiniya F. Byuno-Baril, uyo akapa kushandiswa pakuyera. Uyewo akakurumbira muvaki A. Eifel yainzi, asi pashure pemakore 8, chete-zvikamu zviviri mabasa dzakabudiswa. Kuramba basa racho yakapiwa zvikwereti, izvo zvisina zvaida mvumo nezviremera, asi hurumende Theodore Roosevelt uye Chamber of vevatariri dzaisafarira kutengeserana uku.

Zvadaro, muna 1892, chigumbuso nyika yose, uye vatungamiriri pakuvaka nekamukwavarara vakabatwa nemhosva. Count Ferdinand of Lesseps akasunungurwa kupinda nokuda akwegura, uye mwanakomana wake - muduku Lesseps, mufundisi yakawanda kuzvidzora uye A. Eifel vakatongerwa mashoko siyana.

Gore pamutemo pakuvhurwa Panama Canal yaiva kanganwiro nokuda Lesseps zita, zita rake rave rinocheneswa ari rusarura dzokudarika. Time vaudzewo kuti murume uyu mukuru aiva nevavariro isina udyire uye nenheyo.