Environmental zvirongwa uye zvirongwa muRussia. The yeUnited chipfuro chirongwa "Kuchengetedzwa Lake Baikal"

Safety Environmental Management zvinopa mapurogiramu zvemhoteredzo dzinoitwa kukura munzanga zveupfumi nemashoko, uye nokuda kwavari. Zvinokoshawo pano, uye kero nyaya utano nokusika zvakanaka mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo kubereka uye upenyu chavagari varipo uye vaizotevera. Zvirongwa Environmental vanofanira kugovera dzakachengeteka kwezvakatipoteredza basa zvivako zvose munzanga.

mamiriro

Zviri kwegadziriro maonero, zvaunokoshesa, misimboti uye zvinangwa pamusoro izvo hunhu enyika, zvoupfumi, zvemitemo, administrative, zvesayenzi uye zvekushandisa, utsanana-epidemiological zvivako, zvedzidzo. Ndiwo nheyo chii inovakwa zvakatipoteredza zvirongwa zvose, sezvo ivo nguva kunangidzirwa pakasikwa akanaka uye njodzi ezvinhu upenyu vanhu.

Environmental kuchengeteka - kuchengeteka wenyika, apo pakutanga rakapiwa mabasa Dare, zvoupfumi, kudzivirira, mashoko, zvokudya, enyika, zvoupfumi uye zvimwe zvose nzvimbo hurumende kushanda. Zvirongwa Environmental vane multi-layered hunhu - kuti manyuko nezvainoita zvakatipoteredza, uye zvirongwa kuti kugadzirisa nyaya senyika, ndagura nomunhu mabhizimisi uye Municipality, kubudikidza Federation pasi zvakadini munyika uye kunyange kutora yemapuraneti chinotaurwa.

zvinangwa

Chinangwa chikuru chemusha mapurogiramu zvezvakatipoteredza ndiyo kuchengeteka inogona kuenderera kukura nzanga yakanaka ezvinhu, hwomutambarakede zvakatipoteredza kuwedzera yevanhu uye mabasa ayo, kuitira kudzivirira razvo panzvimbo zviwanikwa, mukudzivirira njodzi nevanhu uye tsaona.

Sei nechokwadi kwezvakatipoteredza kuchengeteka, akagadzirisa zvimwe mabasa nechimwe chechetere. Chete mhinduro dzavo zvakakwana - chinangwa, hurongwa uye nzwisisika munhu - inozokurudzira vanhu kuti vabudirire pazvinangwa zvavo.

urbanized nzvimbo

Kubereka uye kushandisa zviwanikwa zvinofanira pamwe kwezvakatipoteredza kuchengeteka neimwe nharaunda. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya mumaguta munzvimbo. Implementation pamusoro kwezvakatipoteredza mutemo inongogara kuvandudzika zvayo zvokushandisa - zvemitemo, administrative uye managerial, kwezvinhu, zvekushandisa, dzidzo uye rinovhenekera. Anthropogenic kukanganisa zvakatipoteredza uye vanhu munzvimbo zvikurukuru vanoshorwa ikoroji vanofanira kuderedzwa uye vakauya yakachena nhanho.

Anofanira richishanda zvinobudirira akatotanga zvakatipoteredza uye kuchengeteka Kutarisira enyika kuti mumadhorobha ezvinhu kudzivirirwa, uyewo kusika vatsva. Kune mapurogiramu zvemhoteredzo, maererano izvo vokuparidzira inofanira yaisangana zvinodiwa kuti zvinokosha kuti upenyu: kunwa mvura, unhu zvokudya. Zvivako Recreational anofanira kuchengetedzwa panguva Qualitative oga, inofanira kusimbiswa: kuunganidza, yakachengeteka zvokufambisa, kuchengetwa uye kubudiswa maindasitiri naveimba tsvina, yepamusoro marara yaifanira. Uyezve, tinofanira tichinoona takazvigadzira yambiro maitiro uye kudzivirira vanhu njodzi - rwokuzvarwa kana nevanhu, kana tsaona uye zvakatipoteredza njodzi.

kukoshesa

The zvezvinotaurwa kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kunoda kudzorerwa dzinongoitika gadziriro. Pokugadzwa dzakadaro kuzvidzora gadziriro vanofanira kufunga mamiriro pamusoro pedyo nenharaunda. Environment kunoda kuramba zvichiongororwa, uyewo paruzhinji utano. Makambani pamwe kusvibisa muchinjikwa muganhu kuendeswa. Aigovera Federal Mutemo pamusoro Environmental Protection.

Uyezve, vakamhura nzvimbo mumaguta anofanira kugara rehabilitated, kuwedzerwa paki uye dondo nharaunda, kuwedzera uwandu yakasvibirira munzvimbo dzavose mumapindu zvose zvavo zvakasiyana-siyana. UT mararamiro zvinofanira kusvika pakusimba, izvo zvakafanira nechokwadi kushandisa zviwanikwa zviri mari zvikuru, uye kunoda Implementation kuti yakajeka wokuti zvekuvaka uye simba kuchengetedza.

batana mutemo

Federal Law pamusoro Environmental Protection ari chikamu kuti anotaura pamusoro rokuchinjwa utano vanhu pachena kuti maindasitiri emakambani, kukanganisa kusvibiswa, zvinoda kuti kusika, kubatsira voruzhinji hurongwa zvakatipoteredza kunokonzerwa zvirwere. Izvi Utsanana chirwere uye kunaya vemo uye munhu utano.

Huripo mapoka njodzi vaigara mune dzimwe nzvimbo kusvibiswa, vane kodzero yokutaura kudzivisa zvirwere zvinokonzerwa kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu. Pakarepo mabasa avanosangana munhu nezvakatipoteredza zvirongwa uye zvirongwa muRussia, kutanga bhizimisi, kubudisa yepamusoro zvokudya, uyewo kugadzirwa kuchirapa uye prophylactic supplementation. Vagari nhasi anopiwa rakakodzera dzidzo, dzidzo uye dzidzo - zvose zvakatipoteredza uye iine utsanana.

misimboti

All nhungamiro chokuita urongwa nyaya, inobva mutemo pamusoro Russian Federation dzaro kwezvakatipoteredza kuchengeteka, sezvinoratidzwa kuMudzidzisi zvokudya yaJuly 12, 1996, uyewo Environmental Doctrine chirongwa 2001. Vakataura kuti ukuru nhungamiro inogona kuenderera mberi, pamwe kubatana zvakatipoteredza, zveupfumi kubatana, zvainanga chekunatsiridza nokuvapo zvose zvizvarwa varipo uye ramangwana.

yakawiriranwa kuzvidavirira hurumende makasimbiswa uye zviri pamutemo yakanamatira zvese - kubva hurumende omunharaunda uye miviri mamiriro RF pasi yeUnited miviri zvakasikwa dziviriro, izvo basa hombe mamiriro zviwanikwa uye zvakatipoteredza nokuda Implementation pakati yaivapo uye kukura matanho matsva kuitira kwezvakatipoteredza vakachengeteka, nokuti avo dzemari kuzara uye upfumi.

kukoshesa

Environmental kuchengeteka chinhu chokutanga kana dzakabudirira uye rakatangwa madhorobha nokuronga, engineering, maindasitiri, uye zvimwe zvirongwa ose emunharaunda kana miganhu akamboona. Uyewo, pakutanga anopiwa kuti nyaya kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza uye zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza vakachengeteka zvavo sechinhu chikuru ngozi kuti kwakakanganisa kunokanganisa utano vemo. Paaitaura izvi kukoshesa zvinofanira kubatanidzwa mune zvoupfumi, pamutemo, uye administrative utariri nzira kuti hunhu dziviriro mabasa, kupa zvizere kuchengeteka yevagari.

Environmental kurambidzwa uye mitemo vari kutamira dziratidze nehasha, chinozoiswa mutengo nokufungidzira uye zvabuda, kwezvakatipoteredza kurudziro mukunde chero sarudzo. Chokutanga inopiwa kuchengeteka matanho mundima vane mamiriro ezvinhu akaipa kwezvakatipoteredza ( "hotspots"). Danho nedanho rwakapedza dambudziko kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza ukuwo zvinangwa: pfupi, svikiro-rokuti uye kwenguva refu. kwezvakatipoteredza kudzikisirana kunofanira kudziviswa.

Projects uye Programs

The "Zvose Drop Zvinhu" - chirongwa vari pamwe chete United Nations, chirongwa ichi chiri rakatangwa muna 2005, Europe uye Kishi. Mission - kupa zvachose uye nguva refu kuwana pfuma yokunwa mvura yakachena. Hwaro Russian chikamu chepurogiramu kudzivirira Lake Baikal. dzezvakatipoteredza Local tichinyatsovimba zvakanangwa anopa dzika chirongwa nekuda kuchengetedza zviwanikwa, kusanganisira sangano nzvimbo migwagwa vari yakabudirira.

Muna 2012, pakugadzirisa matambudziko aya ari kutungamirira muchiso BonAqua. Vanopfuura maviri vemo zvirongwa vakanga vaitsigira uye rakatangwa, kusanganisira "Zvakachena Coast", "Baikal Trail" uye vamwe. Pamhenderekedzo zvakadzamisisa uye chaiyoiyo gungwa munyika dzakatorwa mhuri tsvina, akasika nemagariro nzvimbo zvinotivaraidza, kuvakwa uye yokugadzirisa hunhu mudungwe munzira.

"Bag Sea Black" uye dzimwe zvirongwa

Muna 2013, basa racho rakatanga seti kudzidziswa zvinhu pamusoro jogirafi, fauna of uye nemiti Sea Black bheseni. Zvino chinhu chihombe rubatsiro kwezvakatipoteredza zvidzidzo muzvikoro. Muna 2014 rakasvika shanduro wechipiri chirongwa - "Climate Box". Makore akawanda pakutevedzera purogiramu "Zuva Sea Black" muna Sochi, Anapa, Gelendzhik uye Novorossiysk. Obihazhivat Coast vakazvipira nemauto, izvo pane kare vanenge zviuru zviviri vanhu. Muna 2014, yakanga yaunganidzwa munharaunda nokuda anopfuura gumi matani marara ose ari pamhenderekedzo.

"Bear chikwata" - Project 2008. Polar nebere - chiratidzo ndibatsireiwo the Coca-cola Company uye imwe mhuka yakaisvonaka panyika. Panyaya iyi, kambani kunobatsira kuchengetedza Vagari runotsigira munharaunda wokuRussia Federation, zvikuru kuti chetatu hwavo yedu peArctic egungwa. Coca-cola riri kushanda yakawanda panyaya zvishandiswezve epurasitiki.