Ezhen Ionesko "Rhinoceros": Muchidimbu, ongororo

Hondo Yenyika II afa pasi, vanhu munyika yose vakatanga kushamisika, sei aigona ichibuda kuti Fascism rakamuka pakati yakabudirira Europe. Vazhinji vanhu riri nehanya mubvunzo, sei akachenjera, vakadzidza uye vanhu vakanaka akaita kuparadzwa mamiriyoni vagari haizovi chikonzero kuti vane yakasiyana mavambo.

Mumwe wokutanga kuedza kutsanangura kwaita kwechiFascist dzakafanana kufamba akaita munyori French Ezhen Ionesko. "Rhinoceros" (mu imwe shanduro "Rhino") - mutambo umo akarondedzera mashandiro pakati panowanikwa Chiitiko ari mutorwa muvanhu, iyo zvishoma nezvishoma kuva wokuyera.

Biography Ezhena Ionesko

Munyori wemitambo akaberekerwa Romania muna 1909, sezvo akaberekwa baba vake ipapo, uye namai vangu rakanga French. Kubvira pauduku, mukomana akataura mitauro yakawanda, kusanganisira French. With yatanga munyika ukama pakati vabereki mukomana wacho kwakaipa uye vakagovana. The mai akatora vana uye akaenda kumba France.

Apo Ezhen Ionesko paakakura, akaedza kugara baba vake muRomania. Pano akaenda University of muBucharest, tichironga kudzidzisa French. Asi muna 1938 akadzokera kumba kwake raamai uye akagara Paris vose.

nhetembo yake yokutanga Ionesco akanyora muna Romanian, uye makore oupenyu muRomania, vakatanga kukanganwa French, saka kuti kana akadzokera kuFrance, akanga zvakare kutanga mitauro miviri noumhizha.

kuva munyori wemitambo

Achiri mudzidzi Buhareste Ezhen akawana chidzoke dzakakurumbira aifarira-yechiFascist kufamba. Zvisinei, munyori wemitambo pachake, kufarira ichi airatidzika yakapoteredza renje, chiitiko ichi akazova dingindira "Rhino" uye mamwe mabasa ake.

Kare muna Paris, Ionescu akanyora chinyorwa pamusoro Charles Baudelaire, uye kushanda kunyora mabasa ake pachake. Zvikuru nomukurumbira nokuda Ionesco kutamba, asi naiyewo akanyora pfupi nyaya, essays.

Sezvo munyori wemitambo Eugene debuted muna 1950 pamwe mutambo "The Bald soprano", zvakanyorwa pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu Chirungu mutauro Tutorial. Kuti basa iri raiva chaiwo muenzaniso "yemitambo musoro" - a mabhuku sangano, ane rakabayirwa mabasa ake Ionesco.

Ezhen Ionesko akafa muna March 1994. Chinonyanya akakurumbira pakati okusika nhaka Ionesco kuti "Rhinoceros" anotamba "The Bald soprano", "Chairs," "kusafarira mhondi", "Macbeth", "mhepo ndima" uye vamwe.

Kwakatangira mutambo "Rhinoceros" ( "Rhinoceros")

Pashure nokubudirira yaakatanga Mitambo munyori wemitambo vachishingaira iye honed mano ake nyora Genre kuti upenzi uye zvisinganzwisisiki. Vachiramba realism theatre, aidavira kuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vadzokere nemidzi edu, apo vose zvidimbu dzakanga dzizere zviratidzo zvakavanzika uye zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika. Mukupera vamakumi mashanu, kana Europe iri zvishoma nezvishoma kupora kubva hondo, vanhu vakawanda vakatanga kushamisika pamusoro zvikonzero kwaita fascism, achitya kudzokorora dambudziko rakadaro. Somunhu anokumhan'arira chero pevatongi ezvinhu kubva pamazuva kurovedza muRomania, sezvo pasina munhu aiziva nyaya Ezhen Ionesko. "Rhinoceros" ( "Rhino") - zita kutamba rake idzva, yakabudiswa muna 1959. Zvegore, mashoko yaro yemitambo Düsseldorf.

Ezhen Ionesko "Rhinoceros": pfupiso

Mutambo ine mabasa matatu. In wokutanga pedyo Datenroku pachivara agare shamwari mbiri, Jean uye Berenger. Jean kutsiura shamwari yake, uyo sezviri pachena vainwa zvizhinji nezuro uye asati nguva kuti ndipore. Pakarepo, Rhino anomhanya yapfuura pavo. Zvose kutya uye kurukurai ichi chiitiko chinoshamisa, kuratidza kutsamwa kwavo. Beranger oga hanya zvose, asi ari Datenroku zvisiri mashiripiti Daisy, umo munhu murudo. Zvichakadai, Jean inoti iye tsika kodzero mararamiro uye pakupedzisira Beranger anobvumirana kupedzera manheru nemagariro kukura.

Pakarepo anzwa ichidzvova, uye zvinoitika kuti chipembere akanga achangobva makapwanya muridzi katsi. kusawirirana All, sei zvipembere zhinji, uye zvavakanga vakatarira akaita. Beranger pakarepo anozivisa kuti guruva vakamuka vachimhanya kubudikidza Rhino, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti funga. Jean vakagumburwa naye, kugumbuka uye mashizha. A zvikundikane murume anorayira chokunwa uye anosarudza kusiya chirongwa tsika chakarongwa.

The chiito wechipiri Ionesco, "Rhinoceros" ari kutamba kunoitika basa Beranger muhofisi. Pano zvose vari kushingaira kukurukura zvipembere uye asingatsananguriki kuwedzera zvavo nhamba. Vanoti, vachikakavadzana, akaratidza mafungiro akasiyana, asati aiziva kuti bhururu kwavo Beth haana kuuya kubasa.

Nokukurumidza, mudzimai wake anouyawo chinokatyamadza anovaudza pamusoro wake kunyangarika, uye pashure pacho anoshandisa hofori chipembere. Pakarepo Madame anomuona se murume, uye mhuka anopindura chikumbiro chacho. Akagara musana wake, iye anosiya musha.

Daisy ndiyo Vadzimi vari kuenda kubatsira vashandi hofisi kuburuka, sezvo Rhino Beth akaputsa manera. Zvakaratidza kuti guta rine kuwanda zvipembere, uye nhamba yavo varikukura.

Mumwe wevashandi Dyudar rinopa Beranger kuenda mvura yokunwa pamwe chete, asi iye anoramba, sezvo anosarudza kuenda Jean uye kuti vave norugare naye.

Vachisvika kweshamwari furati, Beranger anoona kuti iye ari kurwara. Zvishoma nezvishoma, dzinenge pamberi shamwari yake, gamba ichichinja kuita chipembere. Unotya kudana muvakidzani rubatsiro, asi ane avawo mhuka. Anodongorera nepahwindo, Beranger anoona mumigwagwa yakawanda zvipembere vatova nokupwanya ari pabhenji. Akatya, iye anotiza kumba kwake.

Kuita mutambo Ezhena Ionesko "Rhinoceros" wechitatu kunoitika Beranger mufurati.

Anonzwa vanorwara, uye kuti iye ake bhururu Dyudar anouya. Pataikurukura, Beranger dzose nguva zvinoita sokuti ichichinja kuita chipembere. Ndicho mutenderere Anovhundutsira naye. Zvisinei, muenzi chinonyaradza murume nokutaura kuti zviri kunaka, nekuti zvipembere dzakaparadzana akanaka, kunyange zvishoma uncouth chisikwa. Zvakaratidza kuti vakawanda vanoremekedzwa vanhu veguta, zvikurukuru pfungwa, kare kuti zvipembere uye kunzwa kukuru. Beranger vakavhunduka ndechokuti yakadaro vagari chakanaka uye akachenjera ndazvitsaurira nzira iyi.

Zvichakadaro, mune mufurati unodzokera Daisy. Anoudza vanhu kuti naivowo vakava musoro chipembere, kufambirana iyi ikozvino-mufashoni chaiyo. Beranger anoyeuka kuti zvipembere inogona zvimwe kure vanhu, kumisa kukura zvokuwedzera wavo, asi vaenzi iye agutsikane kuti Rhino hama vachava naro, uyewo kodzero mhuka.

Zvisinei, Dyudaru pachena vakanaka Daisy, ane shungu naye kuna Beranger, saka achisiya interlocutors ake uye anochinja kuva chipembere nokuzvidira.

The yasara vaviri Daisy uye Beranger kutya, nekuti kwese vakanzwa nokuomba mhuka, kunyange paredhiyo. Nokukurumidza iye anoshandura pfungwa dzake, achisarudza kuti rhinoceroses vakafanira kuremekedzwa uye nokugamuchira nembama kubva nekusiyana Beranger, vachisiya mudanga.

Man yakasiiwa yoga, iye anoyeuka kana zvakakodzera kuva chipembere. Somugumisiro chaaitsvaka pfuti yake, vakagadzirira kudzivirira kusvikira pakupedzisira.

Protagonist of kutamba - Beranger

Zvose zvinoitwa kuitika mutambo Ionesco kuti "Rhinoceros", akavakirwa Beranger.

Ichienzaniswa nedzimwe vanoremekedzwa vagari vomuguta zvinoita adzingwa. Sviba, Non-nguva, kazhinji achitaura nzvimbo, murume Zvinondisvota vamwe, kunyange zvakanakisisa shamwari Jean. Asi iye zvachose haruitiri munhu, kunze pachake.

Zvisinei, pamwe kukura chiito kuti huru waini Beranger chete kuti haana kutsvaka kuita kazhinji akagamuchira mitemo kana fashoni. Saka, apo vose vari vakabatikana mubasa Datenroku vakarinda zvipembere, murume anofunga pamusoro nemusikana wake. Uyezve, iye haaedzi nhema iwe, kuti abatane chikwata, uye netsaona rinofumura nhema nevamwe.

Kusiyana nepfungwa vagere, Beranger kurarama nemanzwiro. Ari kuda Daisy, uye nekuti haimuoni zvinetso nevamwe. Uyezve, murume anotarisa zvakajeka sezvinoita chidhakwa, anokoshesa ushamwari kunopfuura zvakarurama muzvinhu zvose Jean. Pashure pezvose, kuti rugare naye, Berenger anoramba kunyange kuenda mvura yokunwa.

Chimwe musiyano - kunzwa vasingakoshi. Kana guta racho vadekara, gamba anotarira pakanyorwa akapoteredza vanoshayiwa. Zvino vanhu vose nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, vachava mhuka, vachiramba kuva chipembere, Berenger zvakare sokuti vanhu vose.

Ezhen Ionesko "Rhinoceros": ongororo

Kana nhasi mutambo manyorerwo uye pfungwa runoratidzwa mairi kutarisa zvakajairika, ipapo panguva inception yaro iri sixties, yaiva chinhu chitsva, ziso-uchibata. Izvi akwanise nokuti chigamba aisanganisira ose zvinhu yemitambo upenzi kuti kunovasiyanisa mirayiridzo iyi Eugène Ionesko ( "zvipembere). chokwadi Kuongororwa kutamba vakanzwisisa, zvikurukuru vaikutora basa Anti-yechiFascist. Zvisinei, munyori mafungiro zvakadaro dudziro basa rake, vachiti kuti pfungwa dzake dzakanga vakwanise zvikuru, asi munhu wose akasununguka angadzidudzira sezvo vanoona zvakakodzera.

In basa rake munyori aishingaira akatsutsumwa pamusoro chero pfungwa pevatongi vanodzorera vanhu vanoteerera pfumbu guru, munhu akazvimiririra inoparadza.

In kutamba ichi kunyatsoonekwa dzakadaro zvinhu yemitambo musoro, sezvo negation pakati realism - zviitiko zvose sokuti tarenda chakunoreva. Vanoiona uye vaverengi kunzwisisa chii chakaitika, asi nei vanhu pakarepo vakatanga ndindoripira rhinoceroses (chirango chezvivi, mazano UFO kana kunyange zvimwe), hapana anoziva.

Zvakaringana, mafungiro pragmatic, iyo Ionesco akatenda mhaka zvose matambudziko, iri vakatsoropodza mune mutambo. Chete safunga hunhu Beranger chinoramba vanosanganawo kuuya vatorwa zvirwere vatendeuki kuti zvipembere.

Zvinofadza kuti muna kutamba yake Ezhen Ionesko akatsanangura zvose nzendo kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo muzvigadzirwa ipi womutorwa chakajairika kuna vanhu, izvo chete nineties remakore rechimakumi maviri akanga akagadzira uye zita Overton hwindo. Maererano naye, chero pfungwa, pasinei yomusango Somuenzaniso, kudya vanhu vanogona kugamuchirwa nzanga dzose, achifamba nezvikwiriso zvitanhatu: zvisingafungidziriki, kukuru, chinogamuchirika, hunonzwisisa, mureza uye zvakajairika.

Scenic dambudziko Mitambo

Pashure ake anoshamisa mabasa ari Parisian yemitambo "Odeon" muna 1960 zvakanzi kufanorongwa mutambo "Rhinoceros" munyika dzakawanda pasi pose. The chidimbu pakutanga vachinzwisisa sezvo Anti-hwechiFascist, saka pakutanga kuratidzwa vamwe vevatambi vakapfeka yunifomu German. Asi nokufamba kwemakore yachinja zvaanonzwisisa, uye vatungamiriri vatsva kwokupa zvaakaratidzwa yokushandisa zvimwe nzira.

"Zvipembere" vakaiswa pamusoro ruzhinji yakakurumbira mifananidzo zvenyika, uye mukuru vatambi kuti mitambo uye mabhaisikopo vakanga anokudzwa kuridza mutambo uyu. Kokutanga basa reDare Beranger French mutambi Jean-Lui Barro. Gare gare, chimiro reDare zvakadai vemifananidzo akakurumbira sezvo Viktor Avilov, Kirill Pirogov, Lourens Olive, Benedict Cumberbatch nevamwe.

Njodzi "Rhinoceros" iri USSR

Kuva kuzivikanwa somunhu chigadzirwa Anti-hwechiFascist, pashure "zvipembere" kuratidzwa akazviratidza muna USSR chete pashure pemakore mashanu. Mutambo yakabudiswa "Foreign Literature". Asi nokukurumidza rakarambidzwa, sezvo pfungwa anotaurwa "Rhinoceros", akashora necommunism uye gutsaruzhinji. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kutadzisa nokuparidzirwa kutamba. Its chinyorwa matsamba, ikazobudiswazve ndokupfuura paruoko kuisa. Kurambidzwa kwakawedzera kuti chigadzirwa ichi nomukurumbira_uye amboitika.

Muna 1982, mumwe mutambo kufanorongwa mumwe mudzidzi dzemitambo kuMoscow. Zvisinei, anenge pakarepo pashure kuratidzwa kwe kutamba yakavharwa, uye pamberi kugadzirisa aisabvumirwa bheji. Zvisinei, pashure kuuya nesimba Gorbachev kuti "Rhinoceroses" waitanga kufora kwokukunda zvakanakisisa mifananidzo Soviet Union, uye ipapo Russia.

Quotes kubva "Rhino"

Mumwe zvinokosha yemitambo musoro kufunga pun Ionesco. "Rhinoceros" (Citation pazasi) ine zvizhinji hwemashoko kutsanangura. Somuenzaniso, pfungwa kufunga pamusoro katsi.

Kana zvishoma nhaurirano pamusoro vana:

- Handidi kuva nevana. Zvinhu zvakadai hakunakidzi.
- sei iwe ipapo kuenda kuzoponesa nyika?
- Sei unofanira kumuponesa?

Uyewo yakadzika kuratidzwa magamba chokwadi: "Zvakaipa chiitiko kukonzerwa netsaona, haadi kana pakangoerekana kukurudzira izvozvo."

Pashure pemakore anopfuura mashanu pashure pokutanga kuratidzwa kwe "Rhinoceros" mutambo Ionesco harisati kurasa kushanda kwayo uye akaisa dzemitambo dzakawanda pasi pose.