Vadetembi kuti Pushkin kuti denderedzwa: mazita, basa

1810-1830-ies. vaiona Golden Age wokuRussia nhetembo, iyo yabudirira zvikuru unyanzvi kubudirira mune rudo nguva. Nguva iyi inogona zvakanaka kunzi kutanga hwokusika pakunamata mabhuku National. The anokosha pamusoro wokufananidzira kwacho 1st rechitatu remakore rechi19 rakanga Pushkin. The matatu okutanga uye inonzi Pushkin yaitonga. Around nyanduri dzikarongwa Vanyori vakawanda, apo vamwe vakaramba nemabasa avo intonation uye kunyora, nepo vamwe aitevedzera Aleksandru Sergeevichu uye akaumba vanonzi denderedzwa Pushkin kunoita vadetembi.

The generality of mabhuku hwemashiripiti

Vamwe pamutemo sangano vadetembi havana kurarama panguva iyoyo. Vadetembi kuti Pushkin kuti denderedzwa, pasi izvo zvinosanganisira mazita akadai Vyazemsky Baratynsky, mutauro, Delvig zvaiva zvakasiyana uye munhu, pamwe nemamwe izwi vayo. Ndivo, nzira imwe kana mumwe, basa rake vamutye nokuda nhetembo pakati Pushkin, asi musatora pachinhu kwachiri omurume chinzvimbo, dzimwe nguva vachiti uye vasingabvumirani naye, uye dzimwe nguva Akasiyanisa kunzwisisa matambudziko uye mhando nhetembo yake. Mostly zvakanga chairwo kwomutauro uye Baratynsky. Mumwe nyanduri, kusvika Aleksandru Sergeevichu, vakaedza panguva imwechete kuchengetedza okusika rusununguko rwavo kubva kwaari.

Saka, munhu nenzanga vadetembi? Pasinei dzavo dzakasiyana lyrical manyorero, dzakafanana maonero panyika-mafungiro uye nyika maonero vaiva vadetembi kuti Pushkin kuti denderedzwa. Message panyaya nenzira, kazhinji akakumbira kugadzirira vadzidzi mumabhuku makirasi, saka nyaya ichava vabereki vabatsire vana vavo basa rokuchikoro. Saka, zvose vanyanduri Pushkin renyeredzi aidavira kuti nhetembo - unyanzvi kuwirirana, kuunza kuwirirana mu mweya womunhu. In nguva yokusuwa uye kurwadziwa vanhu vari kutendeukira kuna nhetembo, uye vanowana rugare. saka Kubvumirana Pushkin kuti denderedzwa anoonekwa rudzi neururami uye nhungamiro eMweya nyika, uye nhetembo - ari mutarisiri yakanaka iyi.

Denis Davydov

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu pakuridza vadetembi, anozivikanwa 1810-1830-ies., Ko chepakutanga enhetembo chiso. Hussar Denis Davydov - predpushkinskogo chizvarwa nyanduri, yakaitwa masiki asingatyi kutyaira murwi uye panguva imwe chete, imwe kumhanya ngochani Zvidhakwa. The Russian Kurwa mashoko akasiyana mberi, Davydov akati ake anoshanda shoko idzva. Iye akagadzira vanobatwa nokukundwazve aive nesimba dzichiruma ndima rinopedzisa mashoko kakawanda unopinza aphorism. The zvisikwa inozivikanwa kwazvo Nyanduri ndedzinotevera: "rondedzero pamusoro upenyu Denisa Vasilevicha Davydova," zvakanyorwa Genre pakati autobiographical prose, uye pfuma yechokwadi zvinhu netsamba.

Pushkin akabvuma kuti kunyange akadzidza Davydov, akaedza kumutevedzera "nokuvhiringidza ndima." Zvisinei, muupenyu chaihwo Alexander haana kupfeka zvifukidziro, uye akaramba pachake, haagoni akati pamusoro Denis Vasilievich, uyo muupenyu vakava kuedza mufananidzo kumhanya hussar uye mudetembi akabatanidza naro.

Konstantin Batyushkov

Vadetembi kuti Pushkin kuti denderedzwa, nhetembo zvakanyorwa mune Genre pamusoro romanticism, zvirokwazvo vari rokusika muitiro rinotarisa mabasa munyori wokuRussia. Pashure pezvose Batiushkov akadana mumwe mapiyona ari Romantic kufamba mune mabhuku. Ake okusika nhaka ine nhetembo, tsamba uye prose nyaya. Konstantin Batyushkov akapinda nhoroondo mabhuku Russian zvikurukuru sezvo mumiririri "ndima chiedza", kuti raiva uye Davidov, uye Bogdanovic, uye Pushkin. Izvi Muitiro yakatanga kusvika tsika anacreontic manyorerwo apo mundima rwakaimbwa mufaro norudo, ushamwari, rusununguko chomukati uye upenyu zvavo.

Peter Vyazemsky

Mudetembi akatora pachake nyanduri nguva yedu, asi kana mangwanani basa, akanga ari kubvumirana nguva yaairarama, pashure 1837 reinterpreted chokwadi uye achiona kunaka rutivi rwacho, rava ndozvakajairwa kutora zvakapfuura. Own mugumo Vyazemskij akarumbidza sezvo dambudziko murume haadi akasagona kurarama maererano iwayo mazano vakanga runozivisa remakore ake.

Kufanana nevamwe vadetembi kuti Pushkin kuti denderedzwa, akawana ayo enhetembo zvakafanana. tsika pamwe tsika Alexander. Zviviri nyanduri vaiva pedyo kwazvo, uye kunyange Vyazemsky Pushkin zvakatsaurirwa basa. Vaiva vaviri venhaka muzana remakore rechi18, pauduku imbibed rudo rokufunga uye kuvhenekerwa. In basa rake Denis Vyazemskij dzakazova nezvaiitwa wokufananidzira siyana: ari melancholic elegies, rusununguko-rudo ode, ngano, mifananidzo, didactics uye satire.

Anton Delvig

Kufanana nevamwe vadetembi kuti Pushkin kuti denderedzwa, mudetembi Aleksandrom Sergeevichem vakava shamwari achiri muduku. Vakasangana chesekondari, uye ushamwari Pushkin chinorondedzerwa mberi ari aesthetic uye mabhuku nzvimbo Delvig. Pamabasa ake, iye aitsigira mufananidzo nyanduri se "jaya usimbe" vakapfeka ainakidza dzorudo Genres. Anton Delvig stylized rekare rechiGiriki uye Roman nhetembo hukuru uye zvitarisiko, uye mashoko ake anosikwa zvimiso nyika yekare, apo runako uye kuwirirana ushe. yokunyora nokudhirowa ake Nyanduri munzvimbo Genre pakati anthological nhetembo uye idylls.

Nikolay Yazykov

The okugadzira zvinhu Nyanduri pedyo inzwi uye kugutsikana zvakasiyana chaizvo. Mumutauro kwemabhuku somunhu nyanduri, akapinda mudzidzi kuti zvaakasika kuti mukurumbira imwe mhando. mabasa ake kupa migumisiro inonaka umbishi, infantilism. Vadetembi kuti Pushkin kuti denderedzwa vachinzwisisa Nikolaya Yazykova sei munguva ichangopfuura mwana asingakwanisi kuwana ngozi anonyengera uye pranks. Achitendeukira kuna shamwari muduku, Pushkin akati: "Sei iwe uye sei iwe shalish thousand" Mitauro zvokufara pachavo zvaangaita nemano, saka kutaura saka chaivo exclamatory intonation, yakatarwa mashoko, uye ruzha zvinoda.

In mhedziso

Chokwadi, munyaya hatina kunyorwa zvose vanyanduri ose Pushkin kuti denderedzwa. Ichi renyeredzi yakakura, uye kuwedzera pane pamusoro pake akati apa, rinosanganisira Zhukovsky Kuchelbecker, Krylov nevamwe. Enhetembo mugumo vadetembi aishanda iyoyo sezvo Aleksandrom Sergeevichem, vakashanduka zvakasiyana. Vamwe vakatora kune mabhuku munhandare kunyange zvisati (somuenzaniso, Denis Davydov) uye creatively vakava pasina "zuva wokuRussia nhetembo", uye chete ipapo vakabatana denderedzwa ake. Asi zvose vanyanduri ose Pushkin kuti denderedzwa - vamutangira uye vakararama - vakanga vakabatanidzwa chimwe chinhu: ivo zvakasikwa mabasa avo munguva rakaitirwa pasi chiratidzo Pushkin.