Gokora anatomi, mamiriro, shanda

Muviri womunhu une cohesive hurongwa. Nemhaka zvakarurama mudziyo uye nhengo dzayo, anoziva zvose mabasa anodiwa kuti upenyu. The chikuru Shongwe muviri ndiwo marangwanda. Zvinotevera vanoonekwa kuva zvinokosha chezvinonhuwira mapfundo nemarunda. Nemhaka iyi vanhu vakadzidza vanokwanisa kuita chero racho.

yokumusoro muzvidimbu majoini zvakawanda. Vazhinji vavo akacherechedza mumaoko uye minwe. Zvisinei, kuti vauye yose yokumusoro muzvidimbu kufamba, basa aishanda zvikuru majoini matatu: fudzi, kugokora uye chiningoningo. Anatomy kunzwisisa mashoko zvivako, nokuti mune sezvamunoita ravo mitezo mizhinji (mapfupa, nemarunda, tsandanyama, tsinga nemidziyo ropa).

Chii kugokora?

Anatomy of kugokora muhudyu, mafudzi vadyi, uyewo chiningoningo chinhu zvinopindirana mashandiro ane shoma zvinoriumba. Mumwe nomumwe masangano aya kunokosha. Chete kuburikidza zvakakodzera maumbirwo rose muhudyu, rinogona kutakura kubuda mabasa ayo. Abnormalities kana kusagadzikana pfupa kana ligamentous midziyo dzinotungamirira kutyorwa rokumusoro richiripo masangano. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune zvokurwara midziyo ropa uye utano hwake.

Anatomy of kugokora muhudyu rine 3 mapfupa, vamwe nemarunda, Kamudzira uye tsandanyama. Nokuti nokushanda kwenhengo imwe neimwe masangano aya zvinokosha ropa rive uye innervation. Kungofanana chikamu muviri rine tsinga uye tsinga uye kugokora.

Anatomy yake isingachinji kuitira kuti zvose zvakamisa hurongwa pamwe kuti rimwe basa chete - chokuendesa gumbo. Kazhinji, shoko rokuti "kugokora" haringorevi chete vagari asiwo honokono. Nemhaka kwakarongeka basa masangano aya, unogona kuita zvinotevera mabasa:

1. Flexion rokumusoro richiripo.
2. Pronation uye supination.
3. Extension ruoko.
4. The hama muuye emberi.

Mapfupa uye zvenguvo kugokora

Anatomy of kugokora muhudyu kwakaoma, sezvo iri kunzwisisa kumonwa. Izvi anonyanya nokuti kuti inoitwa 3 mapfupa. Uyezve, mumwe nomumwe wavo zvakabatana pachishandiswa mapfundo duku. Vose vari pasi chaiyo Kamudzira - hombodo.

Zvakajeka funga dzidzo ichi kunogona kuva chaiyo atirasi. Ikoko unogona kuona zvose majoini anoumba kugokora rwakashodoka. Anatomy (photos inowanikwa Atlas, kunobatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani) dzidzo inopiwa ipapo akasiyana pamakona uye zvikamu kujekesa zvose ake mudziyo.

Bone, nhengo zvinorondedzerwa muhudyu, riri pamusoro (proximal), inonzi humerus. Rinotanga papfudzi mhango uye rinoguma kugokora pamwero. Rinoreva mapfupa tubular pamusoro marangwanda. Kana tikatarisa nawo pamuchinjikwa-chikamu, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti rezasi mugove ane mativi chimiro. In mapazi ichi pane articular penyika. mugove waro pakati kwakabatana kuti ulna nokuumba chiduku kumonwa. Inonzi - humeroulnar rwakashodoka.

The divi (laterally) ndiro remubatanidzwa ane TOUR pfupa. Ikoko, zvakare, pane pamwe, inonzi brachioradialis majoini. mapfupa maviri anoumba kugokora vadyi pamwe distal divi, Runowanzobatanidzwawo. Ivo Joint wechitatu - proximal radioulnar. Uye dzidzo vose vakaverengwa kwakafukidza bhegi.

Chii mwanda inoumbwa kugokora?

Kuwedzera mapfupa, anatomi pakati kugokora muhudyu kunosanganisira nemarunda. Zviri connective zvinyama fibers izvo aidawo ezvidzidzo kufamba. Heano zvinotevera mwanda:

1. TOUR rubatso. Rinotanga kubva projecting chikamu (condyle) ulna, riri kurutivi. Next, neboka pasi pazasi uye Bends akapoteredza TOUR musoro. Pashure kuti wanamatira nokuveza pamusoro payo.
2. Ulnar rubatso. Seyokutanga, izvozvo zvinobva kubva condyle pamusoro humerus (zvemukati). Zvadaro zvinonzi ashaye pasi. Nemusikana uyu dzidzo trochlear notch.
3. Annular shwashwa of nharaunda. Riri pakati pamberi uye neshure notch. The fibers of shwashwa pakavha nharaunda, nokudaro achabatanidza kusvikira kugokora.
4. Square. It hwezvekukurukurirana kubatana zviri pamitsipa nharaunda pamwe kutema kugokora.
5. Interosseous Kamudzira of honokono. Zviri gobvu connective zvinyama chinodiwa kugadzirisa. It inoremekedzwa yose nzvimbo pakati ulna uye nharaunda.

Tsandanyama anoumba kugokora vadyi

Tsandanyama - simba nayo munhu anogona kuita flexion uye kuwedzera maoko nemakumbo. gokora anatomi zvinosanganisira striated tsandanyama, asi tsandanyama haana kuiswawo pakati Zvinoumba pejoinhi. Kunyange zvakadaro, vane chinokosha, sezvo pasina kwavari, vagari haagoni kuita kwayo ushande. Tsandanyama dziri muna proximal uye distal nharaunda, kureva, kumusoro uye pazasi pejoinhi. Pakati pavo:

1. Papfudzi. Riri zvishoma pamusoro pejoinhi. Nemhaka yake honokono flexion kufamba anoteererwa.
2. Biceps (biceps). Kutangira pamusoro humerus, zvakanaka detectable vane voltage ruoko. Rinoreva kuti flexor boka.
3. Three-vakananga. Ndiye anokonzera kwebasa honokono.
4. Anconeus. Kudiwa kuwedzera pejoinhi.
5. Flexor carpi ulnaris.
6. Pronator teres tsandanyama. PaChikoro flexing ari honokono.
7. Long Palms tsandanyama. Nokuti vamwe vanhu, izvozvo haako. tsandanyama Izvi zvinodiwa kuwedzera honokono uye ruoko.
8. Zvachero flexor digitorum.
9. Brachioradialis tsandanyama. Basa atendeuka uye vachikotama.
10. Tsandanyama-instep. Zvinonzi munzvimbo pfupa riri honokono nzvimbo.
11. Long uye pfupi TOUR extensor.

Nemhaka zvose zvavo yokumusoro kumugumo anoratidza kufamba. Saka, vanofanira kupiwa zvakabatanidzwa anatomical Zvivako kugokora. Pashure pezvose, tsandanyama muzvirongwa kwebasa honokono.

Chii muhomwe kugokora muhudyu: anatomi

All anatomical Zvivako kugokora muhudyu vari akanyudzwa vanonzi bhegi. Inoitwa pakati synovial Kamudzira, riri mukati nemvura. Mune mhango wehomwe unosanganisira zvose 3 mapfupa majoini. Somugumisiro, Yakaumbwa chimwe pamwe - kugokora.

Uyewo, mumwe nomumwe mapfundo duku matatu iri akanyudzwa muhomwe. Zviya, goko ichi aripo mune majoini ose muviri. Inochengetedza mapfupa nemarunda muchiwirirana. A mvura mukati bhegi, zvakakodzera tsvedzesa articular hukawanika. Nokuda synovial mvura mapfundo mapfupa haana kukuvadzwa mune kudhumhana (munguva kufamba).

Chii arteries kupa ropa kusvikira kugokora

Kuti vave nechokwadi kuti dzidzo vose vanoumba kugokora raishanda ropa riyerere zvakakodzera. Voitakura kunze tichibatsirwa midziyo makuru matatu. Pakati pazvo: humerus, ulna uye TOUR tsinga. Mumwe nomumwe wavo, akavapindurawo, ane bazi. Kazhinji, kugokora yaipiwa neropa 8 arteries pakukoka kubva huru nhatu. Vamwe vavo kupa okisijeni kuti tsandanyama dzako. Other wedzerai ropa mapfupa uye mapfundo.

Zvose izvi dzinoumba richikurukura midziyo - anastomosis. Somugumisiro, mune kukundwa mumwe wavo, ropa vachiri mumaoko muviri. Asi anastomoses pakati arteries havasi kubatsira maronda. Nekuti zvikuru ropa kubva vascular rezvebonde chinonetsa kurega.

arteries All dziri pamusoro pechiso mumasaga rwakashodoka. Pamusana kwavari, zvose joinhi dzinofambiswa ne oxygen.

Vienna gokora

The venous gadziriro richiparadzirwa munyika muviri. Hakuna Kusara uye anatomi pakati kugokora rwakashodoka. Venous water drainage kubva idzodzo vanoumba nekunyatsotsanangura ichi rinoitwa pamwe chete zita (the arteries) nhumbi. Kureva, ropa akapfuma carbon dioxide, kunze vagari nzvimbo iri vakadzokera mwoyo hurongwa. Govera zvinotevera midziyo vakatakura water drainage:

• yakaderera uye yokumusoro ulnar rubatso - vava nenhungirwa kubva brachial tsinga;
• kudzokera gokora - ine mapazi maviri (kumberi uye shure). Vose vari chikamu cubital tsinga;
• interosseous kudzoka;
• kudzokera nemwaranzi - muropa wedzerai kugokora chikamu 1 awo;
• muMedhia akapiwa uye TOUR rubatso.

For midziyo iyi akatakura ropa iyerere mudziva nhatu huru mutsinga. Vanodanwa zvakafanana sezvo arteries: iri TOUR, ulnar uye nepfudzi. Vose vanowira huru axillary tsinga.

Anatomy of kugokora: node abudise (midziyo uye nodes)

The nhengo dzinobudisa gadziriro chakagadzirwa midziyo uye ducts. Uyewo, mumuviri pane mapoka wandei makuru peripheral nodes. Pakati pavo: axillary, kugokora, inguinal uye dzimwe zvisumbu ose lymphoid tishu. Uyezve, pane muzvikamu zviduku.

Node abudise rinoitwa mu yakadzika midziyo. Ndivo pedyo arteries uye mutsinga rokumusoro richiripo. Lymphatics maoko kutange emichindwe network, dzinomhanya mapfupa uye isina kupinda ulnar zvinoriumba. Kumwe water drainage mberi panguva papfudzi pamwero. The mvura iri ipapo inounganidzwa mune axillary node nodes. Pashure paizvozvo kune water drainage kune subclavian hunde. Zvadaro - ari kurudyi nokuruboshwe thoracal mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka.

Innervation pamusoro pamafudzi uye kugokora majoini

Kuti tinzwisise sei chinozoiswa honokono kufamba, zvinokosha kudzidza chikamu ichi sezvo anatomi pakati kugokora rwakashodoka. Innervation pakati nekunyatsotsanangura anomiririrwa huru idzodzo matatu. Ivowo, vari rakamuka-kamuka mapazi madiki.

Nechemberi kurutivi kugokora vari TOUR uye evaMedhia tsinga. First - anoita 2 mabasa. Iye inobudisa extensor tsandanyama pakati kugokora uye chiningoningo, uye ndiye ari kukonzera rwemberi nehanya yacho honokono uye ruoko nehafu. The evaMedhia tsinga ichipfuura rinenge rose yokumusoro richiripo. Zvikurukuru, zvaanopa simba ari flexor emichindwe uye minwe, uyewo - pronator teres tsandanyama. Wechitatu guru tsinga - ulnar. The distal Palms inopinda davi anodzinga minwe 4 uye 5. The proximal Chikamu innervate kuti tsandanyama ari honokono.

Anatomical zviri sechivako kugokora muvana

Anatomy of kugokora muvana rakasiyana vakura. Zvisinei, vagari ichi ari mwana tichikurumidza kukuvara. Uye kupfuura kakawanda dislocation pakati kugokora rwakashodoka. Izvi imhaka yokuti synovial zvinyama mune vana hakusi zvakakwana kuumbwa, mukusiyana kusvika vakura. Somugumisiro, achitambanudza maoko vana kunoitika podvivyh TOUR musoro. Kazhinji, chiitiko ichi kuchengetwa zera kubva 1 kusvika 3 years. Uye ichi zvikuru nevakawanda vasikana.

Sei hwakarongwa kugokora pejoinhi imbwa

imbwa gokora vagari zvakafanana womunhu anatomi. Uyu dambudziko pamwe mhuka uye mushonga wemhuka. gokora kunyanya imbwa runoonekwa kuti mavari kwemajoini tishu dysplasia. The chirwere chinoremedza dzinoita zhinji. Rinoreva vachiberekwa malformations. Kana dysplasia ndiko kuparadzwa zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro rinenge kukonzera mhuka zvokurwara kunotungamirira lameness.