Gore rezvisikwa "Chokwadi Russian". A mitemo Yaroslava Mudrogo

"Russian Chokwadi" aiva wokutanga rakatenderera zvemitemo muRussia. Zvizvarwa zvaizotevera, gwaro iri raiva inokosha yokuwana mashoko pamusoro upenyu mumazuva iwayo. Mitemo vose vaivapo vakanga papfungwa ake "Russian Chokwadi".

akaita sei "Russian Chokwadi"

Zvaizivikanwa kwatiri shoko "chokwadi" munguva Yaroslava Mudrogo ndicho chokwadi kwete chete. Zvarinoreva inokosha iyoyo - zviri murairo usingaperi. Ndokusaka remataurirwo rokutanga rainzi "Chokwadi Russian" (gore pakagadzwa - 1016). Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, zvose apamutemo zvaibva netsika dzechihedheni, uye gare gare - muKereke of Byzantine chitendero.

Mitemo "Chokwadi Russian" vaifanira kuonekwa kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Chekutanga, refereeing kuRussia panguva iyoyo kwaisanganisira vaGiriki South Slavs. Vakanga voda havana kujairana netsika Russian jurisprudence. Chechipiri, vatana Russian tsika mitemo ine mutemo dzechihedheni. Izvi hazvisi maererano netsika itsva, kunobva mazano matsva ezvitendero. Saka, kutanga kupfungwa pamusoro Ecclesiastical matare uye kuitwa chiKristu vaiva chikuru zvinoita kuti asimbiswa mitemo yakanyorwa. Ndokusaka "Chokwadi Russian" rakavapo asina kutora chikamu kwe hugota. Asi chechi hwaHerodhi akaita kushingaira nokuda muvambi ichi nemamwe gwaro.

Panzvimbo yokutanga dzakabudisa "Russian Chokwadi", gakava kuenda. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanoti yaiva Novgorod, vamwe vanodavira kuti zvakaitika muKiev.

pfupiso

Sezvineiwo, "Chokwadi Russian", rugwaro dzinosanganisira zvemitemo nyaya tsotsi, zvokutengeserana, nhaka mutemo, akavhiyiwa kuchinja. Zvino pakutanga mharidzo hwaponeswa kuti mazuva edu.

Gore rezvisikwa "Chokwadi Russian", maererano dzekare mashoko, 1016-ndipo. Kunyange pasina mashoko akavimbika kubva vaongorori havagoni kupa. Kusvikira 1054 zvose mitemo dzakatorwa mubhuku iri kutanga pamusoro Yaroslava Mudrogo. Yaiva yepamutemo nyaya chokuita zvinotevera nyaya:

• tsotsi mutemo;
• basa roruvanze;
• munzanga vemunyika.

The nemamiriro "Chokwadi Russian"

Pasinei nokuti gore pakusika "Russian Chokwadi" - 1016-d, kusvikira zvino zvasvika imwe makopi avo, iyo inoreva 1280. Ndicho mukuru kopi kuwanikwa nhasi. Uye rwokudhinda rokutanga chinyorwa akazviratidza muna 1738 nemhaka Russian wenhau V. N. Tatischevu.

"Chokwadi Russian" ane nhamba zvokuratidzira kuita:

• pfupi;
• mirefu;
• rakapfupikiswa.

Pakutanga vavo - ndiye dangwe shanduro.

The pfupi shanduro ndiyo, 4 gwaro. Vakaisa 43 nyaya. Ivo vanozviitira tsika nenyika Russia, kusanganisira vakwegura tsika dzakadai ropa daka. Uyewo ari "chokwadi" zviri mitemo akateya kuripwa fines, uye kuti vanofanira tema. Panyaya iyi, mutongo akanga akatsunga pachishandiswa munzanga zviri mutadzi. Gwaro kubudikidza kusavapo kusiyaniswa yokusvika kutsunga fines.

Mune zvizere shanduro "Russian Chokwadi", mashoko ine vanenge 121 nyaya, rine mitemo Yaroslava Mudrogo uye Vladimir Monomakh. pfungwa iyi inonzi "Pravda Kukuru". Pano inorondedzerwa zvakajeka kuti rusununguko feudal neropafadzo hazvigoni pamusoro menials,. Article inorondedzera pamutemo ukama kuziva kodzero pamusoro chero pfuma, kuchinjwa ake nhaka uye nemasaini kuti zvibvumirano siyana. In musimboti ichi, mitemo hwakavigwa mumakamuri akashandiswa sezvo Ecclesiastical uye vehurumende matare pakurangwa.

"Kuderedza Chokwadi"

Izvi ichangobva shanduro, iyo yakaumbwa zvachose pakati rechi15. It akasikwa pachishandiswa "Pravda Kukuru".

Hazvina muvambi bumbiro romutemo, regai kuva hwaro hwayo zvisikwa. Muchiitiko chino, mabhuku aya uye vava "Brief Wechokwadi" uye "Pravda Kukuru".

Utsotsi uye Kurangwa

Grand Prince Yaroslav Mudry , pamwechete navanakomana vake mitemo kuti vararame, kunge vakanyorwa zvose zvinobvira mirango mhosva dzakasiyana-siyana.

The utsva ndechokuti tsika yakaguma pasi zita "vendetta". Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kuitika gore iroro, "Russian Chokwadi", uye gare gare. Nokuti nokuuraya aifanira kusangana pasi pemurairo.

Panyaya iyi, muchinda akauya uye machinda pachavo vakagamuchira aizomubvumira mitongo pane vanhu pasina "mhuri kana dzinza."

Kurangwa mhosva vazhinji vakagadzwa. For zvakakomba infractions chirango chakanga chakakomba. Family aigona dzinga pamwe nemhosva musha uye pfuma atorwe. Zvirango izvi anoshanda kuti dzimba, nokuba mabhiza.

Chinokosha chisarudzo dare inobhadharwa zvapupu. Vakadaidzwa "posluhi".

Document vakaparadzana masanga umhondi. It rakaramba norufu. Fines vaigadzwa mu siyana mari masangano.

"Chokwadi Russian" anosarudza hurongwa dzamavanze; vanofanira mune nzvimbo kuva, uyo kuitawo pavo, izvo zvichaita zvine matsotsi uye sei vanofanira kutongwa.

Ukoshi gwaro akararama

Gore rezvisikwa "Chokwadi Russian" haagoni kunzi zvakajeka. Achingogaroudzwa vaisanganisa. Zvisinei, pasinei neizvi, bhuku kwakakosha nokuti kare kudzidza ichikosha pamusoro Yaroslava Mudrogo, uye zvizvarwa zvaizotevera. Pamusoro pazvo, akaponesa zvinofadza ruzivo zvikuru pamusoro kutanga kwekupwanyiwa kugadzira Kievan Rus.

Mashoko akawanda ari mutemo ano vane zvakawanda yokutanga gwaro repamutemo. Somuenzaniso, "tsotsi": iri "Chokwadi Russian" muurayi anonzi "golovnik" uye akaurayiwa gwaro rinonzi "musoro".

Mukuwedzera, mitemo "Russian Chokwadi" inotipa muchidimbu upenyu weutungamiriri uye vanhuwo panguva. Pane hunonyatsoonekwa ukuru kirasi ichitonga serfs uye navaranda. Zvakanga zvakanaka hugota kuti Russian Pravda nyaya rinoshandiswa itsva kuunganidza yepamutemo remakore rechi15.

Chinokosha yaitsiva "Chokwadi" raiva Sudebnik Ivan III, rakabudiswa muna 1497. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti haana revolutionized nenzira yepamutemo ukama. Mukupesana, vose vaivapo dare magwaro akaumba kungobva "Russian Chokwadi".