Yuri Khmelnitsky: pfupi Biography, zvematongerwo enyika, panguva yaitonga

Chimwe chezvinhu dzichipesana mukufambisira wokuUkraine munhoroondo iri Yuri Khmelnitsky. Mwanakomana guru venhoroondo Bogdan akapiwa pfungwa iyo diverges zvikuru, zvichienderana pfungwa nzvimbo yavo. Asi vose vanobvuma kuti mwanakomana nemano ake kwazvo muduku kuna baba vake. Biography Yuriya Hmelnitskogo achava nyaya tiikurukure.

udiki

Yuri Khmelnitsky akaberekwa kumativi 1641 papurazi pedyo Chigirina Migovera mumhuri duku Ukrainian wamambo Bogdan (Zinovy) Khmelnitsky uye Anna Semyonovna Somko, hanzvadzi ramangwana kuita hetman Yakov Somko. Kunze kwake, mhuri yakanga yakawanda nevana vanomwe: 3 vakomana 4 nevasikana.

About makore oupenyu Yuri zvachose mangwanani zvinozivikanwa, asi kuti iye akagara baba vake namai kumba papurazi.

upenyu hwemhuri Khmelnytsky uye yose yose Commonwealth hwachinja kubva 1647, apo Migovera akaita wavanotibira vachirwisa pachake muvengi wamambo Bogdan Daniel Czapliński. Akaparadza munda, kana musoro wemhuri pamba, uye vakarohwa hafu rufu mumwe wevanakomana vake.

rusununguko hondo

Vashayiwa chepamutemo kanzuru kuti yokungoita wamambo, Bohdan Khmelnytsky pakutanga 1648 muUkraine chakakonzera yakakurumbira kumukira utongi Polish. The chikuru kutyaira rehondo yemuna yaiva Zaporozhye Cossacks, izvo hetman mugore iroro Bogdan Zinovy akasarudzwa.

The kutanga budiriro yacho yemuna vaiva chaizvo, sezvo Cossack hondo iri mubatanidzwa pamwe Crimean Tatars akakwanisa kudzora dzakawanda yemazuva Ukraine. Achiri enyika Bogdan Khmelnitsky haana kudaro akaoma, uye somugumisiro-makapeti mitambo uye nhevedzano betrayals akamanikidzirwa muna 1651 kusaina Belotserkovskii nyika disadvantageous kuti zvaireva kurasikirwa chinokosha chikamu ndima.

Bohdan Khmelnytsky vakaziva kuti isina mutsigiri simba harisi kuhwina hondo. On Pereiaslav Batsirai muna January ra1654 chisarudzo zvakabvumiranwa pamusoro kuitwa Russian chizvarwa mambo. Pashure paizvozvo, Russia akanga hondo pamwe Poland.

Yuri Khmelnitsky, kusiyana Timosha wake mukoma, nokuda muduku, zvakananga chikamu muchiuto mishandirapamwe baba vake havana kugamuchira. Mushure Timosha akaurayiwa muna 1653 panguva munhimbe kuMoldova, Yuri ndiye chete mwanakomana Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, sezvo hama dzake vakanga vafa ambotaurwa. Akatumwa baba vake kudzidza muKiev collegium.

Ndapedza zvidzidzo ake nemakore gumi namatanhatu pamwe rubatsiro baba vake, Yuri Khmelnitsky Hetman akanzi. Kureva, Bogdan here kugadzirira nhaka simba pashure porufu rwake, izvo zvakaitika muna 1657 kubva sitiroko.

Pashure pokufa kwababa vake

Yuri gumi egore pashure kufirwa baba vake haana kugadzirira kutora vezvinhu ehurumende. Kunyange zvazvo chikamu Cossacks akadanidzira kwaari hetman, asi Chigirinskaya Batsirai sajeni akasarudza musoro vakawanda wezvokukurukurirana (ane analogue yeEuropean chanzera) Ivana Vygovskogo. Yury Bogdanovich akamanikidzwa kusiya simba nyasha ruzivo mumiriri.

Ivan Vygovskyy kubva pamazuva okutanga akatungamirira yakazvimirira wokuRussia mamiriro itsika. Aidavira kuti wokuRussia chamber anotyora kutanga zvibvumirwano pamusoro mubatanidzwa. Vygovskyy akaenda rapprochement pamwe wokuPoland, izvo kwakaguma kwemamiriro chibvumirano Hadiach 1658. It akagovera nechekuita mukugarisana rweUkraine (chikuru duchy Russian) ari chikamu Poland, musi yakaenzana usakurirwe Lithuania uye Poland.

chibvumirano ichi chakaita kuti aparadzane ari panhengo Cossack. Wandei revakuru uye nyore Cossacks vapikisi rapprochement pamwe muPoland uye akaramba akavimbika kuna Russian chamber. The paradzanisa kwakatungamirira makore matatu yevagari Ukraine, imwe nguva iyo yave zita matongo. Panguva kurwa pakati uto Russian, iyo vakagamuchira kutsigira munhu akavimbika kuna mambo Cossacks, uye mauto Vygovskogo, yokupedzisira yakakundwa uye rakamanikidzwa muna a1659 kutizira kuPoland.

chechipiri hetman

Pashure pokutiza Vygovskogo, Cossack vakuru vakasarudza vasanangurwa mumwe Hetman itsva. Chimwe chezvinhu vanoshingaira vatsigiri pachigaro Vygovskogo aiva babamunini vake ramai Yuri - Colonel Yakov Somko, uyo pachake methyl panzvimbo Cossacks musoro. Asi chikuru kurwa kwakanga mwanakomana Velikogo Bogdana - gumi Yuri. Mukurumbira baba yaiva kwayo kwehwamanda kadhi. Uye Batsirai muna a1659 muna White Church iri pambiru hetman Yuri Khmelnitsky akabvumirwa. Paitonga Hetman (a1659 -. 1685) rakaenderana nguva ne matongo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuitira sarudzo yake, Yuri akatuma Batsirai ari White Church aivimbwa naye munhu nababa vake - Ivana Bryuhovetskogo, izvo ramangwana richange riri hetman pamusoro Left-Bank Ukraine.

In itsva Batsirai chisarudzo pamusoro chikumbiro kuna Russian chevaux pakuwedzera kodzero Cossacks. Zvikurukuru, mibvunzo vakarerwa pamusoro unosimbisa simba Hetman uye kuzvionera pamusoro Ukrainian Church. Asi chikumbiro vakaramba youmambo gavhuna Troubetzkoy. Naiyewo vakakumbira apiwa kunakidzwa Cossacks iyo kodzero zvinotonyanya zvaasingakwanisi tichienzanisa nguva Bogdana Hmelnitskogo.

akatsemura Ukraine

Muna 1660 mauto eRussia vachitungamirirwa wamambo Sheremetyev akatsutsumwa pamusoro hondo Commonwealth. Kumutungamiriri akanga kubatana Yuri Khmelnitsky ake Cossacks, asi aizeza nekuda woumbwende. Akanga kunonoka uye akanga akapoteredzwa Polish mauto, wakange yatova nguva kunokomba Sheremetyevo.

Under kumanikidzwa Yuri Foreman akamanikidzwa kusaina chibvumirano itsva Commonwealth. Panzvimbo rokugadzirira, iye ainzi Slobodyshche bhuku. chibvumirano ichi chave muzvinhu zvakawanda akafanana Gadyachsky, asi anopa zvishoma rusununguko wokuUkraine vakawanda, zvikurukuru, haana kuriritira kuzvionera. Yuri Khmelnitsky akamanikidzwa vateterere vanotongwa namambo wePolish.

Chokwadi ichi chakanga kwete nezvaanoda hombe chikamu vakuru Cossacks. Vakaramba kuteerera uye Yuri akasarudza kuita hetman Colonel Somko, izvo vakatsigira umambo Russian. Kutongwa Yuriya Hmelnitskogo akanga chete zvakanaka-kubhengi Ukraine. Saka, anopfuura makore zana okuberekwa Little Russia chaizvoizvo rakatsemuka kuva mativi maviri: rworudyi ruri rave richizivikanwa Polish uye hweOttoman ushe, uye rworuboshwe bhengi - simba Russian chamber.

nemhinganidzo itsva

Kuedza vavezve kutonga nharaunda yose Ukraine, uye kuvimba vatsigire Commonwealth, Yuri Khmelnitsky akatanga kufora pamusoro Left Bank. Chokutanga, aoma nayo abudirira, asi pashure Somko vavabatsire akauya muchimiro mauto eRussia pasi murayiro Boyar Romodanovsky, kodzero-kubhengi hetman akatambura unorema kukundwa panguva Kanev zhizha 1662.

Rega eRussia Khmelnitsky aigona kungogumisa kubatana chete Crimean Khan. Naizvozvo kukunda haana makodzero ake. Sezvo mukuru akaratidza rakwo kukundikana Yuri Khmelnitsky, maitiro ake rakakundikana, kubwinya baba vake vasisa nechokwadi kutendeseka rworudyi-bhangi hetman. Naizvozvo, pakupera 1662 akamanikidzwa kusiya simba vachida Colonel Pavla Teteri, uye akava mumongi pasi zita munin'ina wake, Gideon.

Limbo

Asi uyu mwanakomana naka Bogdana Hmelnitskogo haana magumo. Paul Teteria vakatanga kufungidzira iye achida zvakare kutora nzvimbo Hetman uye saka mujeri vatongi muna 1664 muLviv nhare. Chete pashure pokufa Hetman Khmelnytsky muna cha1667, akasunungurwa kupinda dzomusango uye akatanga kugara Uman wemamongi.

Kutora chikamu muna Cossack kanzuru muna 1668, Yuri Khmelnitsky pakutanga vakatsigira aifarira-Turkish wezwi itsva yakarurama-kubhengi hetman Peter Doroshenko, uyo akatora hweOttoman chizvarwa, asi akabva atamira kudivi nemuvengi wake Mihaila Hanenko.

Mune rimwe hondo pamwe Tatars Yuri akanga akabatwa uye akatumwa Istanbul. Zvisinei, mashoko Turkish mujeri nokuda yaimbova Hetman yaiva nekaupenyu panokwanisika.

zvakare hetman

Pashure Peter Doroshenko vakaramba Hetmanate uye akabatana yokuRussia citizenship, zvakava pachena nei vokuTurkey vakavimbika Yuriyu Hmelnitskomu. Sultan akazviona sezvo negadziriro yeparutivi kukwikwidza nekuda pambiru Hetman. Zvechokwadi, nemaonero vokuTurkey, zviri Zvakanakisa wakanyatsokodzera uyu mwanakomana chinzvimbo Bogdan. Yuriya Hmelnitskogo unhu kubvumira kuti kutaura kuti izvi zvichava zvachose simba kuita mumutsara, izvo zvaida vokuTurkey, nekuti kwaari haingakodzeri kutarisira chero yakazvimirira chiito.

Saka, muna 1876, Yuri akanga zvakare yakatarwa Hetman, nguva ino Turkish Sultan. Iye muchirongwa kurwisa vokuTurkey Chigirin, uye akabva aita dzokugara guta rake Nemiroff.

kuuraya

Vasingakwanise here kutarisira Ukrainian nyika, Yuri Khmelnitsky akatanga kuronga kuurayiwa kwake nyaya. Zviitiko izvi vanoratidzwa mune zvakaipa chiedza asian Yuriya Hmelnitskogo. Short rokuti yokutonga Hetman yakaguma muna na1681, apo vokuTurkey akamutuma mumwe zvitsuwa zveAegean.

Pane dzidziso maererano iyo Yuri Khmelnitsky Hetman akagadzwa nokuda vokuTurkey zvakare - muna 1683. Asi naiyewo akaramba kunyanyisa, sapakutanga. Izvi zvakagumbura Turkish Pasha, wakakubudisa George muna Kamenetz-Podolsk, kwaakanga aurayiwe muna 1685.

General unhu

Pane kunzwisisa uye akashungurudzwa upenyu akararama Yuri Khmelnitsky. Brief Biography uyu munhu aionekwa nesu. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti vakawanda dzekare vanobvuma kuti chaiva, murume kusimba-zvinodiwa kufara, kwenguva refu nguva kuedza Limbo. Tinogona kutaura kuti Yuri Khmelnitsky aiva plaything vanorumwe enyika zvido. Izvi kugona kukanganisa psyche yake, izvo zvakaita pakuguma upenyu mune padzakavakirwa mutongo nyaya.

Panguva iyoyowo, tinofanira kutaura kuti isu vachiri kuziva zvishoma pamusoro vavariro zviito murume uyu. Kunyange panyaya rufu rwake, pane kusawirirana pakati dzakaitika.