Great Armenian madzimambo

Munhoroondo Armenia vakanga vari nguva kubudirira uye dzidzo Empire Great uye makore simba pasi vatongi dzimwe nyika. Great madzimambo Armenian Artashes I uye Tigran Veliky, Trdat I, Arshak uye Baba vakava nomukurumbira pamusana pezvavakanga vaita ari Armenian kuwadzana ari mupfumi uye dzakabudirira zvikuru mamiriro, uyewo mashoko simba yechiKristu munyika.

Nyaya rinotaura pamusoro Armenian Dynasties yakawanda uye madzimambo Byzantium Armenian mavambo.

History of Armenia

Armenia - mundima ehurumende, uye pakati reCaspian uye Black makungwa. Nhoroondo Armenian wehurumende ane zvuru 2.5. Years, kunyange zvazvo pamavambo ayo kudzokera kune nguva kuwa Urartu neAsiria, apo paiva umambo Armagh, Shubra (12. BC. E.), uye gare gare akava muSitiya-Armenian.

Madzinza yekare vokuArmenia vakauya nharaunda iyi kubva muBalkans, uye gare gare muzana remakore 7th. BC. e. ngadzibhururuke (zita yekare vokuArmenia) dzatora mundima South Caucasus, izvo kare raiva umambo Urartu, uye anyatsopinda vomunzvimbo.

Muzana 6th remakore. BC. e. vakaita akasikwa dzinozvitonga mamiriro, ipapo paiva nguva kuzviisa pasi kwake kuna vaAsiriya, vaMedhia umambo, vaPezhiya, vaSiriya, Aleksandru Makedonskomu. makore 200 BC. e. Armenia aripo sezvo chikamu hwekwaSeleucus umambo, ipapo akazova yakazvimirira zvakare. State kwaisanganisira Mukuru uye Little Armenia. Maererano nokutsvakurudza Vanyori kutanga Armenian mambo Great Armenia Artashes ndakatora choushe 189 BC. e. uye akava muvambi imba youmambo Artashesids.

Muna 70 BC. e. 2 apiwa yakabatana mune kusaroora. Sezvo 63 AD nyika Armenian dzakanga omurume hweRoma, uye 3rd remakore pano rapararira chitendero chechiKristu. Pashure 4 remakore Great Armenia yakava novimba Persia, uye ipapo 869 yakawana rusununguko zvakare.

Kutanga kubva 1080, dzimwe nzvimbo kuwira pasi pesimba vaGiriki, vamwe vabve Turkey. Muna 1828, nechokuchamhembe chikamu Armenia vakabatanawo Russian Empire, ipapo muna 1878 akanga akabatana chikamu pamwe Kars uye Batumi.

chigaro Ancient wemadzimambo Armenian

Chimwe chezvinhu yekare madzimambo aitonga Armenia anoti choushe Achaemenid madzimambo uye vaiona zvavo namachinda.

The akakurumbira hwedzinza madzimambo Armenian:

• Ervandids - kutonga nyika munguva kubva 401 kusvika 200 makore. BC. e, kusvikira rokukunda vekwaSeleucus: Yervand I uye II, Kodoman Yervand II (re). Mihran Yervand III, Artavasdes Yervand IV.
• Next mu kurongwa - Sophene chigaro madzimambo akamuka pashure pokukundwa uye kubatana zviri Armenian nyika Armavir satrapy Sofena pamwe guru (muna Ararat Valley). Akatonga kubva 260 BC. e. kusvikira '95 List pakati Armenian madzimambo imba youmambo pacharo, Arsham, Xerxes, Zareh, Mitroborzan I (Artran) Ervand V. akabva Sophene yakakundwa Tigran Mukuru, uye zvakabatana yeArmenia Great.
• Yakakurumbira nhoroondo youmambo Artashesids akatonga nyika kubva 189 BC. e. uye kusvikira N 1 gore. e. - munhu anozivikanwa madzimambo Artashes I, Tigran I uye II Tigran Great Artavasdes I uye II, uye vamwe.
• Arshakids youmambo (51-427 gg.), Muvambi waiva Tiridates I, hama Parthian mambo Vologeza I. Pakupera utongi hwavo hwakaparadzwa simba roumambo nevaPezhiya, ipapo kwemazana emakore akawanda Armenia akatanga kutonga madzimambo yakatarwa simba Persian (marzban) uye Byzantium ( Curopalates) uye ostikany Arab caliphs.

Madzimambo Great Armenian Empire

The dzakakurumbira - imba youmambo madzimambo Artashesids Great Armenia, vakasvika mutemo muna 189 BC. e. Armenian mambo Artashes ndakasvika choushe Armenia Great pashure kuziviswa mambo wake vekwaSeleucus Antiochus III. Artashes Artashesids akava muvambi imba youmambo, uye akava nomukurumbira somunhu anozivikanwa muvandudzi uye anokunda. Akakwanisa kukurira yose vanhu Armenia of Armenian rwenze uye dzimwe yakavakidzana nzvimbo. Saka Great Armenia nokukurumidza kuwedzera nharaunda yavo uye rakapfumiswa muhondo.

Guta Artashat yokutanga yakavakwa kuruboshwe pamahombekombe of Arax River muna 166 BC. e., kuti renyika rikashamiswa. Maererano Ages nengano Artashes ndaiva chinokosha nyika isati apo kusiyanisa zvamambo, matunhu neminisiparati uye zvaiita nyika.

Military mishandirapamwe mambo uyu akabudirira uye vakabatsira kuwedzera nharaunda yeArmenia Great. Mambo akaita nzendo kumativi ose, zvishoma nezvishoma anokunda yose yakapoteredza. Imwe yakakurumbira danidziro akanga apo Artashes akaedza akakunda Hellenistic mamiriro kuMiddle East, asi tichibatsirwa hwekwaSeleucus vakaramba yakazvimirira. Nguva yokutonga kwake yakatora makore anenge 30 kusvikira pakufa kwake.

Pakafa mwanakomana wake Artashes, Armenian chamber Tigran I, akagara pachigaro choushe 160 BC. e. Akasvika pakuzivikanwa nokuti akabatana pakurwisana Parthian mamiriro. Nguva yehondo pakati Armenia uye nevaParthia yakanga rebei - anenge 65 makore. Armenia paumambo Artavazd I, muzukuru Artashes. Uye chete muna 95 BC. e. Mambo aiva mukoma wake (maererano zvimwe zvinyorwa, mwanakomana), izvo akazopiwa zita Tigran Veliky.

King Tigran Veliky

Tigran II akaberekwa muna 140 BC. e. uye hwake vakapedza ari musungwa panguva yaMambo Mithridates II, uyo akatora naye pokukundwa wehondo Armenian. nhau apo wakasvika rufu Armenian mambo Artavazd I, Tigran akakwanisa kutenga rusununguko rwake, pane kupa hombe nzvimbo munyika munzvimbo Kurdistan.

Armenian King Tigran Veliky akagara simba kwemakore 40, munguva iyo Armenia akaita incredible ambotaurwa wavarindi simba. Akatanga kutonga muna yakanaka nguva apo simba Roman rakaparadzwa munharaunda Evpatoria King Mithridates (mambo chePondasi), uyo aikwanisa kuwana zvawo zvose Sea Black.

Tigran anoroora mwanasikana Mitridata Cleopatra. vatorwa ake yose mutemo wakanga nechinangwa pamwero ruchirwisana vaRoma pakutanga (achitsigirwa Mithridates chePondasi), zvokuti akakwanisa kudzoka kupa nyika kukunda Asiria, Edessa uye dzimwe ndima yakatora nyika kuchamhembe Mesopotamia.

Muna 83 BC. e. Uto Armenian mu Kufambisa vanokudzwa eSiriya uye vatengesi yakarwisa neSiria, akakunda vokuKirikiya Fenikiya kuchamhembe Palestine. Ndivo vakakunda mapurovhinzi uye 120 satrapies, akatanga kudana pachake Mambo wemadzimambo uye Mwari, muchisunungura mari, vakanga yakanaka (maererano dzakaitika vakagumisa) pakati zvose vakanga yakagadzirwa madzimambo Armenian (ona mufananidzo. Below).

Mari yakanga yakagadzirwa muAndiyoki uye paDhamasiko uye vanoratidzwa Tigrana Velikogo 5-rwakavakwa nyeredzi uye tiare pamwe makondo. Gare gare, akavaka uye pachake chemindi. Akatonga muSiriya kwemakore 14, Armenian Mambo Tigran II Mukuru vakabatsira kumutsidzirwa dzavo dzemari, vachiuya panyika yorugare uye kubudirira.

Mumakore aya, simba rake pamusoro imwe nzvimbo huru, kubva kweGungwa reCaspian kusvika kuMediterranean, kuMesopotamia kusvika Pontic Alps. Armenian Empire akava zvematongerwo yakabatana, uye mumwe nomumwe dzinodzorwa inoti akabhadhara mutero kwaari, asi achiri kuramba mitemo yavo pachavo uye mamiriro ane zvionera weutungamiriri.

Munhambo iyi Armenia zvinomiririra evanhu marongerwo zvishoma nezvishoma akatendeukira incipient zvinhu feudalism. Panyaya iyi, kwakabva sangano pamwe kushandiswa kwakapararira muranda basa, vakanga zvaisanganisira vasungwa vaibatwa ari pedyo munzvimbo panguva hondo siyana.

Tigran Veliky akatanga kuvaka guta ravo Tigranakert (vemazuva wokumaodzanyemba Turkey), yakanga nemimba naye sezvo enyika uye zvoupfumi pakati mamiriro, iyo ichatonga madzimambo Armenian. Vazadze guta vanhu, akakurudzira kuenda kumwe nevaJudha, uyewo nechisimba rakazogarwazve vagari enyika ivo kunyange kwakamanikidzwa maguta 12 muGirisi maererano zvimwe zvinyorwa dzakaparadzwa - uwandu vanotama vanofungidzirwa pa 300 zviuru.

Zvisinei, muna '72 nokuda baba vake Mithridates Tigran vakapinda hondo neRoma, izvo chakaratidza kutanga kukundwa ake uye kuparara Empire kuArmenia. The Roman vakawanda Lucullus akuvadzwa kwazvo kukundwa, ottorgnuv Siriya neFenikiya, akakomba guta guru rekare Artaxata. Zvadaro muna '66 akauya hondo Parthian pakurwa, uye mambo yabvuma kuti vaRoma, kupedzisa anokurumidza runyararo. The yasara makore 11, paakanga atokwegura uye ndonda, mambo Armenian akaramba kutonga nyika sezvo yave nyika inotongwa Rome.

King Artavasdes II

Artavazd akava mambo muna 55 BC. e. uye yaiva yakadzidza zvikuru uye vakadzidza. Mambo uyu ainyatsogona muchiGiriki, aizivikanwa somunhu nyanzvi mabhuku uye kunyange akanyora nenjodzi uye nhoroondo mabasa. mubatanidzwa Faithful neRoma, Artavazd akatuma mauto 50000th kurwisa nevaParthia. Asi takazobatana navo Union nokupa mwanakomana wehanzvadzi yake pamusoro Parthian mambo Orodes.

Akatonga nyika kwemakore 20 kuti apfuura norugare uye kubudirira. Zvisinei, achitaura kurutivi vatongi veRoma yaMako Antony uye Cleopatra, iye akapomerwa hurumende. Armenian mambo Artavazd uye mhuri yake Mark Antony akauya nengetani uye akaisa panguva ngoni Cleopatra vaiedza utsinye kurwadziswa vyznat zvavo okuchengetera nzvimbo pfuma unganidzwa madzimambo Armenian. Uye uto Antony panguva ino kubirwa wacho Armenian maguta uye akaparadza temberi mwarikadzi Anahit. Tisingazivi chinhu, Cleopatra akarayira kuuraya mambo Armenia, vari mutorongo.

Arshakids youmambo uye kuberekwa chiKristu

Arshakids - youmambo, izvo aitonga kuPatiya (Iran nhasi) muna 250-228 BC. e. mhando iyi emakore akawanda aiva youmambo, akanga kwakabatana zviitiko zvenhoroondo yenyika. Baba Armenian bazi youmambo akava Tiridates (Trdat I), vakatora chigaro Armenia pakupera wa1 remakore. nguva yose iyi, kuripo nokusingaperi Roman-Persian Hondo uye kurwisana.

Trdat I - mambo vokuArmenia wokutanga, uyo akatanga kutenda kwechiKristu Armenian. Mugore 2-3 emakore. chitendero ichi zvachakapararira kumatunhu akapoteredza Armenia. Nokudaro, Apostolic Church of muAndiyoki ehurumende uye yekare muzinda Edessa kuMesopotamia zvakonzerawo kupararira kwechiKristu, uye akazova akakurumbira zvinyorwa Bishop Tiyofiro uye Marcus Aurelius, achiparidza kutenda kwechiKristu.

Imwe yakakurumbira mazita munhoroondo, kufarira Armenian vanhu kwemazana emakore: St. Gregory ari zvivheneko, vakadzoka kubva kuPatiya Armenia kuparidza chiKristu pano. Nokuti baba vake aiva mhondi mambo Khosrow I (238 g), uyo akatonga Armenia Trdat III Gregory akakanda mujeri yemauto wamambo, apo zvadaro akapedza makore 15.

Trdat I Papera asunungurwa St. Gregory, ndicho chiratidzo yokukanganwira akaporeswa kubva nechirwere chakakomba nepfungwa uye christened nayo, uye zvose yamambo. Muna 302, kuti Gregory ari zvivheneko akava bhishopu uye akasarudzwa musoro wekereke Christian Armenian.

Muna 359 paanotanga hondo muPersia-Roman, mugumisiro rinova kukundwa yeRoma. Panguva ino mune Armenian choushe akatonga Arshak II (345-367 gg.) Ndiani anotanga hondo Persia, aichimbova pakutanga akabudirira chaizvo kuti Armenia, asi ipapo Persian mambo Shaluh unyengeri rinoburitsa uye anogumisa Arshak mutirongo, apo akafa.

Panguva ino, mukadzi wake Parandzem rakakombwa nemauto muvengi munhare Artagers pamwe uto 11-simba. Shure refu hondo, nzara uye denda rakatanga, nhare akawa, uye Parandzem kuuraya, aizomupandukira wake vakatambudzwa.

mwanakomana wake, Baba akadzokera Armenia uye kuva mambo nemhaka weRoma Vagesu. Panguva yokutonga kwake (370-374 gg.) Kwaiva nguva rokuvakazve aparadza nemisha, kudzoreredzwa machechi uye kuisa kuitira kuti paruzhinji zvenyika. King Armenian Baba akatungamirira mauto akunda hondo Dziravskom nevaPezhiya uye akadzorera rugare Armenia.

Natsai nyika kubva vatorwa nechisimba, King Baba chaizvo mumabasa kudzorerwa mamiriro, iye rinongotaura gavhuna kwechechi akataridza kutanga rusununguko zviri Armenian Catholic Church, akasimbisa muchiuto, akapedza mamwe kuchinja. Zvisinei, nokuda weRoma Vagesa ivo vakakwezvwa kumutambo zvemhando yepamusoro, izvo meanly nechokuita muduku Armenian Patriot.
Munhau akaramba somumwe zvikuru vanoshingaira madzimambo Armenian.

Pakafa Papa pachigaro madzimambo akanga Varazdat (374-378), Arshak (378-389), Khosrow, Vramshapouh (389-417), Shapur (418-422), Artashes Ardashir (422-428).

Muna 428 BC nevaPezhiya achiitei Armenia - ndiko kupera nguva ukuru uye kubudirira mamiriro Great Armenia, iyo yaitongwa akakurumbira nemadzimambo Armenian.

Pokuwa Armenia Great uye Resettlement pakati vokuArmenia

VokuArmenia vakatanga kugara muByzantium kubva 4th remakore, nokuda kusagadzikana mamiriro ezvinhu munyika, apo paiva kugara zvombo zvinopesana nawo anoti. Kana paiva kuparadzwa youmambo simba uye kuparadzana Guru Armenia pakati Byzantium uye Persia, machinda akawanda vakamhanyira kuna Byzantium, pamwe chete nemhuri dzavo uye muzvikamu zvechiuto. Vakatsvaka kushandisa unyanzvi hwavo zvechiuto uye matarenda mune administrative basa.

Mumakore aya, pane vakawanda Resettlement pamusoro vokuArmenia kuti muBalkans, Cyprus nomuSirisia, North Africa. Kuwanzoda rokutsvaka varwi uye vachengetedzi kuti Armenian mavambo mumuzinda wevarindi pamusoro Byzantine Power akanga aripo kwenguva refu. Zvikuru chaizvo Armenian vamabhiza nezvimwe muzvikamu zvechiuto. Uye vakanga vakaiswa kwete guru asiwo mamwe maguta (zvikurukuru muItaly uye Sisiri).

Armenian madzimambo Byzantium

VokuArmenia Vazhinji Akarumbidza zvepamusoro zvechiuto uye zvokunamata dzaidzidziswa mabasa kwesayenzi, achidzidzisa dzemamongi uye mumayunivhesiti. Fame pakuzivikanwa vemifananidzo uye ezvivako. Makurukota Armenian, ari vazukuru yekare kuberekwa youhosi, zvishoma nezvishoma kubva Byzantium akagadzirisa Europe yose, akapinda ukama kwamachinda uye mhuri yeumambo.

In nhoroondo Byzantium pachigaro choushe, akashanyirwa madzimambo zvinopfuura 30 Armenian mavambo. Pakati pavo: Mauritius (582-602), Mambo Heraclius I (610-641), Filippik Vardan (711-713), Leo kuti Armenian (813-820), Vasiliy I Makedonyanin (867-886), Roman I Lakapin (920- 944), Ioann Tsimiskhy (969-976) nevamwe vakawanda.

Famous madzimambo Armenian pamusoro Byzantium

Maererano zvinyorwa, muna 11-12 emakore. Armenian rudzi aiva 10-15% of raitonga vakakwirira muByzantium, asi pakati pamadzimambo akanga zvizvarwa Armenian vanhuwo zvavo hwapedza choushe siyana, haisi nguva dzose dzakarurama.

Yakakurumbira Byzantine madzimambo Armenian mavambo:

• Emperor Heraclius I. vakanga chokuita youmambo Arshakids, akanga chipo tarenda rechiuto, kuti aite zvinhu zviri kwokubatsira nehondo, kudzorera simba Byzantium, akaita chibvumirano kungoreva kunobatsira chete Bulgaria Great pamusoro zvoupfumi uye zvechiuto rubatsiro, iye akapedza yakawanda remapazi nemauto munguva Iran-Byzantine War vakadzokera kuJerusarema, ayo chikuru neKijuni muchinjikwa Holy vechiKristu (kare akabatwa mambo wePezhiya).
• Filippik Vardan. Vakati maruramiro Imperial choushe, akasungwa akaendeswa kuchitsuwa Kefalonia, ipapo Hersonissos, izvo zvakaita pakamukirwa achibatsirwa pakati Khazars akakunda Constantinople uye akava mambo. By kutendiswa aiva Monothelite zvakazoita kuti neevamwe Chechi yeRoma, akanga vakapofumadzwa revapanduki.
• Leo kuti Armenian. Aibva worudzii Artsruni, akatungamirira mauto unonyangadzwa kudenhwa Constantinople vokuBulgaria, akabvisa Patriarch Nicephorus weConstantinople (815) uye rinonzi yomunzvimbo kanzuru chechi, achizivisa kudzokera nemitemo iconoclast Cathedral muna Hyeres. Akaurayiwa munguva Christmas basa December 820
• Biography Vasiliya I Makedonyanina azere majana wematambudziko. Murimi mudiki pakuberekwa, akapedza ake pauduku nemhuri yake muutapwa kuBulgaria, ipapo vakatizira muThrace. Atamisa kuConstantinople, akatangawo paakaenda stables, wake chitarisiko Akakwezva Kesari Michael 3rd akava kufarira, uye akazoroorwa tenzikadzi wake. Pashure kubviswa simba youmambo hama Basil muna 866, akava co-regent, uye ipapo kuuraya mambo, muna 867, akatora choumambo uye nheyo imba itsva. Pakati mipiro ake kuna Byzantium. Byzantine systematization mitemo, ukuru hondo uye kuwedzera vamwe vakafa mutsaona apo kuvhima (886).

• Roman I Lakapin. Uyewo zvakaitika kubva Armenian vanhuwo zvavo, vatendeukira Orthodoxy uye kwaitsigirwa kuna Chief of Imperial Navy, vachishandisa namano uye noumhizha simba abatwa, ipapo akaroora mwanasikana wake kuti mambo uye akava "basileopator" (baba vamambo), uye akatora chigaro. mabasa ayo nezvezvandaifanira pakurwisana vakakwirira, muridzi nzvimbo huru yenyika achitsigira smallholder strateia. Akava nomukurumbira ave tenzi chivande uye nokumukira, asi akatambura pamaoko vamukira - vanakomana vake, iro akasungwa akadzingirwa yemamongi, apo aiva gore uye vakabatana sezvo vasungwa chete. Akafa muna 948, pasi
• Ioann Tsimiskhy. Akauya achibva mumhuri chakanaka Armenian uye aiva hama yapfuura Emperor Nicephorus, uyo aimbotaurawo umhondi. Abereka mambo Byzantium, kushanda mabasa erudo, nokuvaka zvipatara uye kuparadzira zvinhu varombo. Pokurwa kwake kwakaitika kumabvazuva, kwaiva pamusana mokudzokera kuSiria neFenikiya pasi Byzantine simba. Akanga yakazarawo gurukota yake yokutanga Lekapenom.

Imba madzimambo aitonga mushure kuparadzwa Armenia Great

Great madzimambo Armenian - Artashes I, Tiger II Guru - vaiva vatongi Armenia panguva yayo ichatonga zvine mbiri uye pfuma. Pashure 428 anoteverwa nguva apo nyika yaitongwa magavhuna akagadzwa nemamwe anoti. Zviri chete kubva pamugumo remakore rechi9 kusvika Armenian zviremera vakadzokera imba youmambo:

• Bagratids (885-1045 gg.);
• Rubenids-hethumids-Lusignans (1080-1375).

The vamiririri genus Bagratids muchinda wokutanga, nokubatanidza zvakawanda simba ravo kubudikidza RA (pashure uchagarireiko nguva Arab simba) simbi madzimambo Armenian Vanya I uye II Iron Smbat I, Vanya III Vanodikanwa Changamire. Mumiriri wokupedzisira pakati Gagik II mhando iyi yakatorwa uye pashure kwakadzama pamwe Byzantine Empire zvasiya umambo.

Armenian madzimambo Rubenids hwedzinza Ruben I, Constantine I, toros I, Levon I, Taurus II, Levon II, Isabella. Hwedzinza Rubenids-Hetumyan (Hethoum I, Levon III, Hethoum II, Taurus III, Smbat and unto.) Wakaita musi Levon V pashure muchato mezhdinasticheskogo, umo simba ndokupfuura vechiFrank madzimambo Cyprus.

Hwedzinza Rubenids-Lusignan: Constantine III, IV, Levon VI, Konstantin V, Levon VII. Muna 1375, hurumende yakanga vakarwisa uye vakaparadza mauto veIjipiti pakati Mamluks uye Sultan pakati Ikoniyumu, uye Mambo Levon VII pamudyandigere kune yemamongi muParis.