Greenhouse Gas - This ... GHG choutsi

Greenhouse gasi - musanganiswa segirazi ratinoona magasi akawanda izvo haina kunyanya kupfuura chafariz nemwaranzi kubva panyika. Kukura wevasungwa zvinotisvitsa pose uye kusingarapiki mamiriro ekunze. Kune mhando dzakawanda huru girinihausi magasi. Mumhepo wevasungwa neimwe avo zvainoita chafariz mugumisiro.

The Mhando chikuru

Kune mhando anoverengeka gaseous zvinhu kuva rinokosha girinihausi magasi:

• mvura utsi;
• carbon dioxide inobvisa;
• nitrous oxide;
• methane;
• CFCs;
• PFCs (perfluorocarbons);
• HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons);
• SF6 (sarufa hexafluoride).

Kune vanenge 30 mhando magasi kukonzera inokudza maturo. Mugumisiro chafariz pezvakaitwa Earth zvinhu kushanda zvichienderana nhamba uye simba paavhareji Morekuru dzinovaka. By hunhu panowanikwa girinihausi magasi ari mumhepo rakakamurwa dzinongoitika uye anthropogenic.

mvura mhute

A zvakafanana girinihausi gasi ndiyo mvura mhute. chitsama Its mumhepo mukuru wevasungwa kuti carbon dioxide. Water mhute iri rwokuzvarwa mavambo: zvimwewo zvikonzero havagoni kuwedzera ayo kuchinja zvakatipoteredza. Anoita uwandu mvura mamorekuru evaporating tembiricha mumakungwa uye mhepo.

Inokosha maitiro ehupfumi mvura mhute - harungashandurwi akanaka kuwirirana pamwe carbon dioxide. Unowanikwa kuti inokudza Chaizvoizvo kukonzerwa nokubudiswa pamusoro carbon dioxide inobvisa ichiwedzerwa pamusoro kaviri nokuda simba kwemvura mvura mamorekuru.

Saka, mvura nemhute sechinhu girinihausi gasi - iri simba tiwedzere anthropogenic okunze nokudziya. Kuongorora kukanganisa wayo girinihausi iri pezvakaitwa chete Rakabatanidzwa ehupfumi munhu akanaka chokuita carbon dioxide. Roga, mvura nemhute haiiti kuti kuchinja yose.

carbon dioxide inobvisa

It anopindura nzvimbo vaitungamirira pakati girinihausi magasi ose anthropogenic mavambo. Inosimbiswa kuti vanenge 65% of kwepasi nokuda kuwedzera choutsi pakati carbon dioxide inobvisa ari pasi muchadenga. The chikuru chinhu kuwedzera wevasungwa ari gasi Zvechokwadi, kudhinda uye mabasa michina kwevanhu.

Mafuta combustion anotora nzvimbo yokutanga (86% zvachose kabhoni dioxide) pakati zvinokonzera akabuda carbon dioxide inobvisa mumhepo. Nokuti zvimwe zvikonzero zvinosanganisira kupisa biomass - kunyanya yamatondo - uye maindasitiri choutsi.

Carbon girinihausi gasi - ndiro inonyatsobudirira Rinokurudzira yokudziya kwepasi. Kamwe mumhepo pamusoro carbon dioxide inobvisa anoita refu nzira yose zvayo akaturikidzana. The nguva kunodiwa kubvisa 65% of carbon dioxide inobvisa kubva mumhepo bhegi anonzi chinobudirira nguva mutsigiri. Greenhouse magasi ari mumhepo sezvo carbon dioxide inobvisa inochengeterwa 50-200 s. Ndicho yakakwirira ya pamberi carbon dioxide inobvisa ari yaunenge wakakurira zvinokosha mukuzadzika girinihausi chaizvoizvo.

methane

Mumhepo dzinongoitika uye anthropogenic nzira. Pasinei chokwadi kuti ayo wevasungwa uri zvikuru dzakaderera uwandu carbon dioxide, methane mabasa sezvo zvikuru girinihausi gasi. 1 methane Morekuru hunoyerwa mune mashandiro ari girinihausi nezvinozoitika ka25 akasimba kupfuura carbon dioxide inobvisa Morekuru.

Pari muchadenga rine anenge 20% methane (kubvira 100% inokudza magasi). Artificially methane anopinda mhepo choutsi kubva mukugadzira. Negasi inotungamirwa mashandiro anonzi kunyanyisa manyowa pane makemikari zvinhu uye kunyanya combustion nemasango biomass.

Nitric oxide (I)

Nitrous oxide ichaongororwa sezvo wechitatu rinokosha girinihausi gasi. Izvi zvinhu ine kunambwa ari ozone rukoko. Unowanikwa kuti anenge 6% of girinihausi maturo murimo nokuti senitrogen oxide monovalent. Remubatanidzwa unoshanda 250 nguva akasimba kupfuura carbon dioxide.

Dinitrogen monoxide rinowanikwa Earth muchadenga takasununguka. It ane yakanaka kusonganirana ozone rukoko: chikuru wevasungwa ari oxide, dzakanga mwero wokuparadza. Kudivi rimwe, ozone kuparadzwa pezvakaitwa kunoderedza girinihausi maturo. Panguva iyoyowo, iyo radioactive nemwaranzi zvakawanda ngozi pasi. Basa ozone ari kwepasi kwacho anodzidzwa, uye zvinofungwa nyanzvi panyaya iyi zvakapatsanurwa.

PFCs uye HFCs

Mahydrocarbon vane haasaruri kuzvitsinhanisa kuti fluorine ari samolecular maumbirwo - a girinihausi magasi chakangomuka mumunhu. The mugumisiro kwakadaro zvinhu pamusoro kwepasi pezvakaitwa pamwe anenge 6%.

PFCs mumhepo zvichiguma kugadzirwa aruminiyamu, midziyo yemagetsi uye siyana zvokufembedzwa zvinhu. HFCs muri yeimwe umo hydrogen iri zvishoma ne halogens. Zvaishandiswa pakugadzira uye aerosols kutsiviwa ozone depleting zvinhu. Iva yakakwirira kudziya kwepasi zvakawanda asi zviri nani kuti kuitika Earth.

sarufa hexafluoride

Yaishandiswa kuputira zvinhu ari Magetsi indasitiri. Connection kwenguva refu vanowanza kuramba mumhepo, zvinoita kuti munhu refu uye zvakawanda Absorção de Água pamusoro michini mwaranzi. Kunyange shoma rwesarufa hexafluoride yekudyidzana kukanganisa mamiriro okunze mune remangwana.

girinihausi kushanda

The muitiro unogona kuitwa kwete chete paNyika, asi fume Venus. chadenga Its iri parizvino rinoumbwa zvachose kuti carbon dioxide, izvo zvakaita kuti kuwedzera pamusoro tembiricha kuti 475 inegumi. Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti kudzivisa zvinoitirwa nyika yakabatsira nyanza: aoma rokutora carbon dioxide, vanobatsira kuhupedza kubva ambient mhepo.

Choutsi kuti girinihausi magasi ari mumhepo isabudisa chafariz nemwaranzi, iyo inosvitsa kuwedzera tembiricha Panyika. Global kwepasi kungaita kuti mutsekwende muchimiro kuwedzera nzvimbo munyanza, kakawanda dzinongoitika dzoga uye kunayisa. Under nokutyisidzirwa kuva kuvapo kwemarudzi mune kumahombekombe munzvimbo uye zvitsuwa.

Muna 1997, CM vakagamuchira Kyoto Protocol, iyo yakagadzirirwa kudzora uwandu choutsi munharaunda imwe neimwe hurumende. Dzezvakatipoteredza vanodavira kuti hazvina chose kupedza dambudziko kwepasi atova kubudirira, asi yekudyidzana vasanyanya kuramba kwemasayendisiti zvinobvira.

kukamurwa nzira

Greenhouse gasi choutsi kunogona kuderedzwa kutevera mitemo shoma:

• kubvisa va neudhadha kushandisa Magetsi;
• kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda kuti zviwanikwa;
• kuwedzera uwandu masango, panguva kudzivirira dondo moto;
• kushandisa kuti zvakatipoteredza noushamwari ruzivo mukurima;
• kuzozivisa kushandisa renewable simba matsime kana neuglerodovodorodnyh.

Greenhouse magasi vari chaibwinya mu Russia chokuita zvakawanda simba chizvarwa, migodhi uye kukura nemaindasitiri.

The chikuru basa sayenzi nokugadzirwa uye okusuma rinochiwedzera dzakachena, kukura itsva yokusvika processing tsvina zvokuvakisa. Zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja okuwana mitemo, yakaoma kudzora michina bhora uye vanoremekedzana zvakatipoteredza kunogona kuderedza choutsi. Global kwepasi haina kudziviswa, asi zvichiitika zvakawanda amenable kudzora.