Gulf War: Zvinokonzera uye Consequences

In historiography ano akaratidza maviri Gulf War. Wokutanga waiva 1990-1991. The kunetsana pamusoro mafuta kwakakonzera kuti nechisimba Iraqi hondo muna Kuwait uye basa iri emirate duku. Achipindura kuti zviito Saddam Hussein, CM akatanga nechisimba mubatanidzwa munyika yekwake. Ipapo akadzorera Nezvagara Zviripo. Kunyange pashure pemakore 12 kwave kuzodzosera nechisimba Iraq, yakanga anosarudza US Steel. hondo iyi dzimwe nguva inonzi hondo yechipiri muna Persian Gulf. Somugumisiro, simba Saddam Hussein rakaparadzwa, uye akaurayiwa nenzira Mutongo Baghdad dare.

Zvinokonzera kurwisana

Famous Gulf Hondo yakatanga August 2, 1990, apo Iraqi mauto yakapamba Kuwait pedyo. Hwaro upfumi munyika duku iyi ine mafuta. Imhaka ichi zvekuvaka uye kurwisana kwakatanga.

Muna July, musoro Iraq kuti Saddam Hussein pachena vakapomera Kuwaiti hurumende kuti vane kuti inoitwa pamutemo dzokubudisa ramafuta kuminda iri munharaunda Iraq akawanda. In Baghdad, vakakumbira kubhadhara multi-bhiriyoni dhora wakaisvonaka. Kuwaiti ishe Jaber III akaramba kutungamirirwa Saddam Hussein.

Nechisimba Kuwait

Pashure paizvozvo, hondo Iraqi nechisimba pedyo nyika duku. Vazhinji Kuwaiti mauto akakwanisa vatame kuna Saudi Arabia. Chete akaita ishe, uyo akatungamirira hurumende nhapwa muguta Dhahran. No chakakomba kurwisa kuti vanopinda nechisimba vasina akasangana. Mazuva maviri gare gare, musi waAugust 4, uto Iraqi atora kudzora nharaunda yose Kuwait. Mauto Saddam Hussein vake vakarasika vanhu vanoda kusvika 300 vakafa. The Kuwaiti muchiuto, nhamba iyi yakasvika 4 zviuru.

Saka vakatanga hondo muna Persian Gulf. Munyika yaigarwa nyika rakaparidzirwa wavanongoshandisa uye novimba Baghdad kuti Republic of Kuwait. At musoro quasi-mamiriro akamira vatariri akabvuma kuva pevatsigiri noruremekedzo kuna Hussein. Papera vhiki, vakakumbira nyika kwemapazi, izvo zvakaitwa pedyo. August 28, Kuwait aiva mumwe Iraqi enyika.

Maitiro dzakawanda

Pazuva rokutanga Gulf War yokutanga yakanga kuriparidza musangano reUN Security Council. Pamusangano wayo chisarudzo umo sangano vakarayira kuti hurumende Iraqi kuti mubve mauto ayo kubva pedyo nyika. Panguva iyoyowo masimba dzokuMadokero vakasungwa zvose kubhengi kwenhoroondo Baghdad utungamiri iri munharaunda yayo uye vaipa maoko zvirango.

Mushure payakatora Kuwait, pamuganhu Iraq uye Saudi Arabia kunge akatanga shootout. Utungamiriri vose nyika vakatanga sungisa kumiganhu yavo mumapoka avo uye regiments. The Middle East kwagara kufashaira. Zvino, nharaunda aigona pakupedzisira kurichinja kuva gungwa ropa.

Zvichakadaro muna Iraq akatanga kusunga vanhu vanogara munyika dzokuMadokero, akazivisa zvirango zvayakatemera hurumende yake. Kusvikira pakuguma Gulf War, vanhu ava chaizvoizvo vaiva hostages. The chikuru initiator hondo kuzorwa US muna Iraq akatanga. Pakazosvika 1990 gore Hondo Yemashoko zvinobudirira yakapera. The Soviet Union yakanga vatarisana zvoupfumi, uye yose yechiKomonisiti nyika ino iri kuitika kuburikidza ake kurwadziwa. In ezvinhu aya, US akava chete hurumende kuti aigona kutaura zvesimba pamwe Saddam Hussein. Zviri kumativi uto American akatanga kuumba mubatanidzwa (zvikurukuru kubva NATO nyika), izvo zvaizoita pashure kuchinjirwa Iraq. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Soviet Union vakatsigira zviito nemakambani simba (MNF).

"Desert Shield"

Kubva August 1990 kusvika January 1991, mubatanidzwa wemasangano mauto akaisa ayo mhepo uye ivhu mauto ari Saudi ndima kuti kugadzirira nechisimba Iraq uye kusabvumira Hussein kurwisa Saudi Arabia pacharo. Zvikuru kurwa kwakanga iyi, saka tinogona kutaura kuti akanga hwesangano kumbomira, iyo akatora Gulf War. Vechikamu pamusoro chiitiko akadana kuchinjwa kwesimba muna Saudi Arabia, "Operation Desert Shield".

Akapa Middle East harisi chete michina, asiwo zvokudya, peturu, mushonga uye zvakawanda. izvi zvose zvakaitika pachishandiswa kuti hondo anogona kunonoka chaizvo. Pakazosvika 1991, wemasangano akakwanisa pfungwa pedyo Iraqi nomuganhu yakawanda simba, zvikuru kune simba uye zvinogonekwa zvishandiswa muvengi.

"Desert Storm"

January 17, 1991 mubatanidzwa ndege kutanga kubhomba Iraq. Chichiruma kunyanya usiku. chinangwa chavo chikuru inokosha zvechiuto uye zvoupfumi kwezvivako munyika. chinyorwa nhamba kusimuka (anenge zviuru zvishanu) yakaitwa mumazuva maviri. Wokutanga Gulf War yaro mutsindo Danho. Coalition pakarepo anogona kuhwina mukana mudenga uye nokuparadza zvinokosha maindasitiri mabhizimisi. Panguva iyoyowo, iyo Iraqi pasi atirari vakatanga kubhomba yakavakidzana Saudi Arabia (kwaiva kusimuka muvengi) uye Israeri. Muna February, mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany kurwisa zvakakanganisa kukurukurirana, zvombo depots, chinzvimbo pamusoro vamire launchers, maindasitiri zvivako, uye zvichingodaro .. Zvose izvi zvakaitika kuitira kuti kugarwa ramangwana kunyika oparesheni. Yokutanga Gulf War aiva chiitiko rakasiyana nokuti vakararama panguva yake chaiyo nokuda kukosha akagamuchira ndege.

Pausiku February 24, 1991 akatanga pasi mudzimu wemasangano. Pamhenderekedzo kwePersian Gulf (ari munharaunda vakagaramo Kuwait) US mauto vaibatanidzwa. Pazvinotanga zvikuru nokukurumidza mune sectors dzose mberi. Chikamu, vakayambuka muganhu Iraqi kumadokero uye nechepakati mirayiridzo, vakakunda nyore muganhu masvingo uye usiku mberi ne 30 makiromita.

By Manheru February 26 nokuda Saddam Hussein nemauto akavasunungura guta guru Kuwait, Kuwait. Mazuva maviri gare gare, mauto Iraqi kwabviswa nemishonga iri sectors dzose mberi. Her chidobi chaiva kworutivi dzakaparadzwa, uye vanhu vari mwoyo. Kunetsekana ukuru wemasangano musimba rwokugadzira. Kutaura zvazviri, yoga Iraq akanga hondo yose yakabudirira nyika, kuti atonge zvisiri pamutemo annexation Kuwait.

zvabuda

With kutanga kwenyika yose mapato kunetsana vakatanga kuongorora migumisiro Gulf War. The mubatanidzwa wenyika guru Nokurasikirwa chakaitika muna US Army. It akauraya vanhu 298, akaparadza 40 ndege, 33 dzehondo, uye zvichingodaro. D. Mamwe Nokurasikirwa havana chinokosha nokuda duku mugove contingent achienzaniswa American nhengo.

More nharo inofananidza vakafa kubva Iraq. Pashure pehondo kumadokero vezvenhau yaiva yakasiyana-siyana kupima. It yataurwa manhamba kubva varwi vakafa 25 kusvika 100 zviuru. Maererano pamutemo nhamba yakapiwa Hurumende Iraq, nekuti dzedenga vachirwisa vakauraya vanhuwo zvavo anopfuura zviuru zviviri. Data pamusoro vaifira muuto Baghdad vasina rakabudiswa kana kuziviswa, nekuti ndeupi wavo zvakaoma chaizvo kuti mutongi. Kutsvakurudza Western chero zvazvingava yaisagona inobva nekusimba uye akasimbisa mashoko. In zvigadzirwa, Iraq chakarasikirwa vanopfuura 300 ndege, zvikepe 19, vanenge 3 zviuru matangi. Zvinofadza kuti chikamu chikuru vavo vaiva Soviet akagadzirwa. Hurumende Saddam Hussein kuti vakawanda rokutenga mitoo USSR kubvira 70s. Pakazosvika 1990, matangi izvi, vaifamba kurwa motokari, uye zvichingodaro. D. vaitova zvinooneka yechinyakare zvichienzaniswa kuvatsva yokutevedzera vokuAmerica uye vokuEurope.

Mafirimu pamusoro Persian Gulf War ( "Jarhead," "Ushingi Under Fire") kuratidza mumwe rakasiyana chakajairika chokuita kunetsana ichi. Vazhinji varwi American vave vari Iraq, kumba, akatanga kuona yakawanda mupfungwa. Mune dzimwe nzira zvakanga zvakafanana guru chirwere kuti kare zvambowana Vietnam vakamborwa muUnited States uye Afghanistan kuna USSR. Dzakakurumbira tsika Fani anonzi "hondo chirwere muna Persian Gulf."

zvipenyu nemigumisiro

Asati kwake kubva Kuwait, Iraqi mauto akatanga Dump mafuta kupinda Persian Gulf. Gare gare, zviito vaidaidzwa kwezvakatipoteredza ugandanga. Kunyange zvazvo avhiyesheni vatsigiri uye ndakaedza kushandisa zvakarurama kubhomba kuti remadza basa mafuta bhizimisi iri ndakabatikana Kuwait, gungwa akatendeuka mamiriyoni 8 emiti kuti zvakatipoteredza zvinokuvadza pamusoro.

Migumisiro vaiva anotyisa - kufa zviuru shiri, mujenya hove uye vamwe fauna of. KuMiddle East kwechinguva pashure peizvi akaenda anonzi dema mvura. Zviito vatiza hondo Iraqi kwakakonzera rakakura kwezvakatipoteredza njodzi nguva yaro.

kuputira Iraq

Ndezvipi enyika yakaipa iyo kwakaguma Gulf War? Muchidimbu, nharaunda akadzorerwa Nezvagara Zviripo. Kuwait akasunungurwa kuna chepamutemo hurumende. Saddam Hussein muna 2002, akauya ake ruregerero pamutemo nyika ino, iyo, zvisinei, havana kugamuchirwa. Iraq mushure "Desert Storm" vakatanga nguva nevamwe. zvirango Western zvakachengetedzwa.

Pashure pokukundwa muhondo iri dzekuchamhembe akatanga yemuna pakati Kurds uye Shiites. Zvesimba dzemadzinza uye zvitendero zviduku zvoutsinye nokuita hondo Iraq. Kuri akavhiyiwa zvakatungamirira munhu anobatsira vanhu nenjodzi mudunhu. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, iri kuchamhembe nzvimbo nevarwi mubatanidzwa kunge dzatangwa. Chisarudzo ichi hwaikurudzirwa ari Kurdish kuchengeteka. Uyewo, hapana-nhunzi munyika dzine, izvo haigoni kubhururuka kupinda Iraqi ndege akanga akatanga kumisa kubhomba kuti vanhuwo zvavo.

The Gulf War, zvinokonzera iyo vavete zvarisingazivi zvasarudzwa Saddam Hussein, kwaita kuti panova pave nokusawirirana kuMiddle East. Kunyange zvazvo kuguma ezvinhu achiri kugadzikana, munzvimbo kuchine zvakawanda zvisingagadziriswi kuzvipokanidza uye kurwisana. Nokuda kwavo, kuburikidza makore anopfuura gumi muhondo yechipiri muna Persian Gulf.

Prerequisites kuti hondo itsva

Pakapera hondo muna 1991, UN akarayira Iraq ndeyokubvisa kare-huripo zvombo zvinoparadza (namakemikari, utachiona) uye misa kukura itsva. Kuti aite izvi, nyika imwe komisheni dzakawanda wakayambirwa. Iye zvinobudirira kuongorora Implementation zvisarudzo dzeUN kusvikira pakuguma 90s, apo hurumende Iraqi vakaramba pamwe maumbirwo ichi. Dambudziko yokuva akarambidzwa zvombo kubva Saddam aiva mumwe zvikonzero imwe hondo muna Gulf. Pakanga pasina zvimwe zvikonzero nechisimba US mauto avo vatsigiri kusvikira 2001. Zvadaro musi September 11 mu New York akatora nzvimbo kurwisa, akaronga neboka "Al Qaeda." Pave paya, American hutungamiri akapomera Saddam kuti kudyidzana kuti Islamists izvi.

US anoti vakanga akabvunza kubva kumativi akasiyana-siyana. Kunyange zvakapararira, nemaonero kuti US nechisimba chakaipa kwete chete, asiwo pamutemo. US uye mubatanidzwa nevatsigiri (zvikurukuru UK) vakarwisa Iraq pasina UN mvumo, nokudaro kutyora Charter zvesangano.

Nechisimba Iraq rechipiri

March 20, 2003 akatanga itsva nechisimba mubatanidzwa muIraq. The Union, kuwedzera kune United States, rinosanganisira mumwe nyika 35. nguva ino, mukusiyana wokutanga Gulf War, paiva kwazvo ndege kubhomba. Kusimbisa raiiswa pamusoro pasi Kurwisa, iyo yaiva muzinda zvose zvakafanana Kuwait. The kushingaira chokutambudzika kuvhiyiwa muna March-May 2003, nhasi inonzi Iraq hondo, kana kuti Second Gulf War (kunyange chaiko kurwa zvaiitika zvose pamusoro nyika, kwete pamhenderekedzo).

In mavhiki matatu, wemasangano akakwanisa andobata maguta ose kupfuura nyika. Hondo nokuti Baghdad wakabva 3 kusvika 12 April. Mauto International vanenge kukashora. Varwi Iraqi rakanga mwoyo. Mukuwedzera, chinokosha mugove vemo akanga vasingagutsikane okudzvinyirira simba Saddam Hussein uye saka, nomufaro, akasangana vatorwa. The President pachake vakatiza kubva muguta guru, uye vagara pasi run. Vakaziva December 13, 2003 chete muimba yepasi iri unremarkable imba duku mumusha al-Daur. Hussein akanga akasungwa achitongwa. Chaaipomerwa yaiurayiwa Kurds uye dzakawanda hondo mhosva (kusanganisira panguva Kuwait hondo muna 1990-1991.). December 30, 2006 yokutanga vaimbova mudzvinyiriri akaurayiwa akarembera.

Results imwe hondo

Sapakuparadzwa yapfuura nehurumende Baath Party muna Iraq aiva chikuru mugumisiro mukuru Gulf War rechipiri. Photos akasungwa uye mhosva Saddam Hussein vakapararira munyika yose. Pashure Ndima Iraq yakanga inogarwa nevarwi mubatanidzwa munyika dzakaitwa gutsaruzhinji musarudzo, izvo kwakaguma hurumende itsva akasarudzwa.

US Mauto kuramba yokuIraq kusvikira 2011. Rakanga chokuita chokwadi kuti, pasinei kuwa Hussein nehurumende, mamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda kwave chete atonyanyisa kurwara. Documentary mafirimu pamusoro hondo muna Persian Gulf, kubatanidzwa US nechisimba, chinoratidza zvakajeka kuti Iraq kwakawedzera Islamist kufamba. Radicals vakazivisa jihad pamusoro nechisimba. In Baghdad, kuti kurwisa zvakatanga kuitika kugara (kubhombiwa kuzviuraya kunyanya uye motokari mabhomba).

Zvino Iraq chinhu hondo iyo atora wechinhu chete okunyanyisa kurwisa zvavo. Zviito zvakadaro kutyisidzira vari chikuru nhumbi vomanikidza zvakaipa Islamists hurumende aifarira-American. Muna 2011 akatanga wemauto "Arab Spring" kuMiddle East. Nokuda yakafanana hondo yevagari muSiriya pamuuyo nzvimbo yenyika mbiri dzakaoneka quasi-mamiriro Islamists uye jihadists - LIH. Nhasi, sangano riri kuonekwa Vanguard pose ugandanga (kunyange izvozvo akakwanisa sedzinokosha Al-Qaeda).

Hutungamiri US runowanzotaurwa kupomerwa, nokuti American nechisimba zvinhu mudunhu pairi yakazungunuswa kaienda kwaita twezvitendero vakawanda vachirwa kwete chete pamusha, asi kuronga kurwisa zvavo muEurope uye mamwe nyika . Ukuwo, pashure pehondo muna 2003 achiri asina kugadziriswa nyaya Kurds vari kurwira rusununguko kuchamhembe Iraq.