HIV: chirwere uye kurapwa, ekudzivirira

vawana immunodeficiency chirwere kwemakore anopfuura makumi mana kwemakore, mumwe kiyi matambudziko evanhu vemazuva ano. Naizvozvo, HIV chirwere zvino kukwezva yakawanda hanya uye zvinhu. Pashure pezvose, nokukurumidza zvichaita kuonekwa utachiona inoparadza dziviriro yezvirwere mumuviri womuviri, dzakanga achava mikana yokudzivisa rufu.

Musimboti dambudziko

Pasi Acronym HIV inovanza tsanangudzo kwevanhu immunodeficiency utachiona - chimwe chezvinhu ngozi pakati aivapo parizvino. Under nawo pane rakadzika mwoyo pamusoro runodzivirira zvivako zviri muviri. Izvi zvinozoita kunotungamirira kuti kwaita malignancies siyana uye yechipiri zvirwere.

Munobuda neHIV zvinogona nenzira dzakasiyana. Dzimwe hosha anouraya munhu kwemakore 3-4, mune zvimwe zviitiko vanogona kugara makore anopfuura 20. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti utachiwana kusagadzikana uye nokukurumidza akafa kana muviri kunze mutakuri.

HIV inogona iri urume, ropa, varikutsika uye kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi secretion mumasero. Sezvo zvinokonzera chirwere vanofanira kuyeuka matambudziko akadai periodontal chirwere, abrasions, uye mamwe makuvaro.

HIV inogona kuparadzirwa artificially, uye achishandisa bloodborne biokontaktnogo mashandiro.

Kana paiva chete kwaaita mutakuri utachiona, mukana wokutapukirwa riri pasi, asi kugara kusakarongeka unomutswa chaizvo. Chirwere utachiona hweHIV - zvanzi hazvigoni kungotariswa, kunyanya kana kuchinja pabonde nemumwe

Zvichenjererei mari uye parenteral migwagwa chirwere. Inogona kuitika panguva ropa utachiona ropa, majekiseni pamwechete tsono kuti utachiona neropa neHIV vanhu, uyewo vasiri chena kurapwa (nyora, kuboora, mazino pachishandiswa zviridzwa asina kubatwa zvakanaka).

Zvinofanira kuziva kuti kuonana-mhuri yedzimudzangara hakufaniri Musatya. Asi chokwadi chinoramba kuti munhu ane refu susceptibility kuna neHIV. Uye kana utachiona munhu pamusoro makore 35, kuchinja kuti AIDS kunoitika yekudyidzana dzichimhanya kupfuura vaya vasati kukunda makumi matatu kunze.

Huru Zviratidzo

Chokwadi, nzira yakanakisisa yokuziva dambudziko kana kusava waro - ndiko chirwere utachiona hweHIV. Asi chii chinoita kunogona kuva munhu, achitungamirira mararamiro utano, kuti aende uye kuongorora pachako pamusoro chokwadi chirwere? Ndezvomuzvarirwo kuti wakadaro chirongwa chinofanira zvishoma anoruramiswa. Saka zvinokosha kuziva chii zvingaratidza kuva anoratidza pezvakaitwa dzaiparadza vasaziva zvirwere.

Pavaipfuura incubation kweutachiwana pasina bvunzo ropa kuzarura angangotadza abudirire, nokuti muviri panguva ino achiri haateereri utsinye zvinhu.

Danho rechipiri (chikuru kuratidzwa) pasina rubatsiro chiremba anogona kutora nzvimbo kuzviona. Asi dzimwe nguva pane chinoshingaira kuberekana kweutachiwana uye muviri inotanga sei nayo - anoti fivha, akasiyana polymorphic mapundu, splenic chirwere uye pharyngitis. In danho rechipiri angabatana yechipiri zvirwere zvakadai herpes, fungal utachiona, mabayo uye nevamwe.

Nokuti wechitatu, Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa chikuva, dzinoratidzwa nezvishoma kuwedzera immunodeficiency. Nokuti kuti mupomerwi hurongwa masero kufa, simba rinomutsa okuwana yavo rwuchiwanzwa, uye izvi zvinogona kuko- zvinokosha nezvinhu. Panguva iyi mashoma node nodes enzvimbo akasiyana gadziriro kunogona kuva zvomoto. Asi kurwadziwa haisi kuchengetwa. Paavhareji Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa nguva kunotora 6 kusvika 7 makore asi anogona kunonoka, uye 20.

Munguva yechipiri padariro chirwere, inova wechina, co-utachiona kuonekwa fungal, protozoan kwemabhakitiriya, nemavhairasi mavambo uye malignancies. Izvi zvose zviri kuitika pamusoro mamiriro chakakomba immunodeficiency.

Nzira nechirwere utachiona hweHIV

Achitaura kokumanikidza kudzivirira zvigadziriswe muviri semubairo pakunzwisisa utachiwana yakadzika, zvinokosha kuziva kuti ramangwana murwere ari iyi zvinoenderana nenguva uye yakarurama kuongorora chirwere.

Kuti aite izvi, muna mushonga ano, siyana bvunzo hurongwa, izvo kwakavakirwa immunohemilyuminestsentny uye enzayemu immunoassay ropa. unyanzvi izvi kuti tikwanise kuona pamberi antibodies kuva makirasi siyana. mugumisiro Izvi zvinobatsira kuti yekudyidzana kuwedzera ruzivo zviri Analytical nzira, chiremba specificity uye aikanganiswa kana pakubata zvirwere.

Kunakidza zvakare ndechokuti ndirwo nzira polymerase Chain kuita akabvumira kuunza HIV zvokuongorora kuvandudza. Sezvo zvinhu chidzidzo anoenderana zvakasiyana zvoutachiona zvinhu: plasma, biopsy, tichibvisa, serum, cerebrospinal kana pleural mvura.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro nzira Murabhoritari zvidzidzo, vari anonyanya nezvezvaiitwawo kuziva nhamba zvirwere dzinokosha. Tiri kutaura HIV, tibhii, zvirwere zvose vari pabonde, uye nemavhairasi kuzvimba chiropa.

Kuziva immunodeficiency utachiona anoshandiswawo samolecular kuvabereki uye serological nemiedzo. Muchiitiko chokutanga iri pakutsvaga nemavhairasi RNA uye proviral DNA, kana yechipiri, kuongorora antibodies kuti HIV P24 antigen uye dzakaonekwa.

Panguva Makiriniki, kushandisa, saka kutaura, dzenhoroondo chirwere nzira, kunyanya kushandiswa mureza dzakati kuti serological yokuedzwa.

Early kuongorora chirwere HIV

mhando iyi Kutsunga chirwere chokwadi zvakakodzera kuti tizive munhu njodzi rokuzvidzivirira sezvo mangwanani sezvinobvira. Izvi, chokutanga, kuti kudzivisa kupararira chirwere, chepiri sei chirwere vachiri danho.

Kana tikafunga muenzaniso dzeRussia, chiremba kupatsanura neHIV wakatangwa muna Army uye Navy of Russian Federation. Yakapa migumisiro yakanaka: nedanho mangwanani kunotoda nechirwere yava nyore zvikuru.

Sezvo zvakafanana zviratidzo zvichiratidza zvichibvira kuparara zvirwere, zvichiita kuti kuziva nemusoro, usiku sweats uye kuneta unmotivated. Zvinogonekawo kukura fivha achiperekedzwa zviratidzo tonsillitis. Izvi zvinoreva kuti tembiricha inokwira kusvika 38 madhigirii kana yakakwirira, uye nokudaro kuwedzera palatine tonsils, uye vo marwadzo panguva pakuparadza. Zvose izvi nechimwe anokurumidza uremu. Panguva iyoyowo, zviratidzo izvi kakawanda kunzwisisa.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko HIV pakutanga mumatanho munogona siyana nokuchinja ganda ezvinhu. Tiri kutaura pamusoro makwapa, roseola, abscesses, abrasions nevamwe. Early HIV kuongorora chirwere zvinosanganisira kushanda nezviratidzo zvakadai generalized kana zvishoma kuwedzera peripheral node nodes.

Kana paine mawa kukura anoverengeka node nodes kunotora mwedzi mitatu kana kupfuura, uye akasiyana kunze groin, ipapo chikonzero chose kufungidzira hutachiwana kuti masoja dzevanhu gadziriro.

Kutaura nechirwere mumwe musi gare gare, unofanira kuteerera kuratidzwa immunodeficiency chesekondari, izvo kazhinji inoitika pasi achinyepera akasiyana zvekuchipatara zviratidzo. Ndivo zvinotevera zvinoratidza:

• unmotivated generalized peripheral lymphadenopathy;
• arthralgia isingazivikanwi etiology rine undulating kuitika;
• Ari (chenjera kufema chirwere), kuzvimba mapapu uye Airways, izvo anozviratidza kazhinji zvakakwana;
• Fivha pamusoro vasingazivikanwi mavambo uye refu nefivha yakaderera-vegiredhi;
• Kazhinji toxicity, uko kunoratidzwa unmotivated simba, kurukutika, lethargy, uye vamwe.

HIV-chirwere padanho pashure panguva rokuongorora zvinosanganisira zvirwere zvakadai Kaposi kuti sarcoma, vakawanda chitarisiko akaratidza neoplasms kazhinji chokumusoro chikamu muviri vechiduku, zvichiteverwa kukura simba uye metastasis.

Polymerase cheni kuita

Kufunga nzira siyana nechirwere neHIV, ichi chinofanira kupiwa vainyatsotarisirwa. Pakarepo zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti bvunzo ropa raigona zvainanga quantitative uye Qualitative maitiro.

Sezvo chinangwa nzira iyi vasabatwa kweutachiwana zvinogona tsunga zvinotevera mabasa:

• mangwanani chirwere utachiona hweHIV;
• kugadzirisa kuvapo mibvunzo zvabuda pakupedzisira immunoblottingovogo tsvakurudzo;
• kuziva imwe pavaipfuura chirwere;
• vachiongorora kubudirira kurapwa kudzvinyirira utachiwana.

Kana isu kutaura chikuru chirwere, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nzira iyi kunoita kuti asarudze HIV RNA muropa mushure memazuva 14 chirwere. Izvi imhaka yakanaka chaizvo. Saka pacharwo mugumisiro yechidzidzo uchava Qualitative mashoko, kana zvakanaka (utachiona aripo) kana kunaka.

Quantitative PCR okuti

Izvi mhando polymerase Chain kuita inoshandiswa kuona zvinoita kumhanya AIDS, uye kuti kufanotaura ya murwere upenyu.

Quantitative Kutsunga HIV RNA mumasero ropa runoita kunzwisisa kana chirwere unopinda yokuora kutotanga.

Zvinokosha kuteerera chokwadi kuti murabhoritari HIV chirwere nzira vanopa zvakarurama mugumisiro, kana inodiwa biomaterial pachisara vakatsunga nemazvo, uye noruzhowa ayo akaita zvakarurama.

Kuti aite unhu zvichiongororwa utachiona zvakafanira (apo pazvinobvira) kushandisa Integrated yokutaura kuti kudzidza masoja mamiriro murwere. Tiri kutaura quantitative uye dzichipfekeka kutsunga vose vezvikwata kudzivirirwa hurongwa: cellular, humoral kutapata uye nonspecific nemishonga sezvo vakadaro.

rabhoritari kuongorora chirwere

Kuwedzera muna murabhoritari ano vakashandisa multi-padanho nzira nokuda kupima mamiriro dziviriro yezvirwere mumuviri. nzira iyi inowanzosanganisira kuona munhu subpopulation pamusoro antibodies, lymphocytes muropa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nhoroondo iri kubatwa nhamba CD4 / CD8 masero. Kana Izvi zvinoratidza asingasviki 1.0, pane chikonzero fungira immunodeficiency.

Laboratory chirwere neHIV zvinofanira kusanganisira bvunzo iyi madikanwa, sezvo utachiwana kwese kusarudza lesion CD4-lymphocytes, iyo inosvitsa anyatsoona nokuvhiringidzirwa nhamba (asingasviki 1.0) ataurwa pamusoro.

Kuongorora immunological chinzvimbo vanachiremba vanogona kuitisa muedzo kuvapo "ine" kana mukuru hurongwa kuremara mu humoral uye cellular kutapata. Zviri pamusoro hypogammaglobulinemia hypergammaglobulinemia kana kuti chirwere chokutambudzika, uyewo kuderedza cytokine kugadzirwa, kuwedzera wevasungwa kuti achiparadzira masoja zvivako vachinetesa Achipindura kubudikidza lymphocytes kuti mitogens uye maantigen.

Zvinokosha kuteerera chokwadi kuti murabhoritari zvokuongorora kuti HIV une zvikamu zviviri inokosha:

1. Kuongorora murabhoritari. Kana paiva yakanaka mugumisiro muna Elisa (enzayemu-chokuita immunosorbent munhu akaidza), zvinonzi akadzokorora kaviri chete ino uye pasina kuchinja serum. Kana apo vaviri kuongorora vatatu kwakaita kuti kuwanikwa utachiwana simba serum akadana humwe kuongorora kuti bhuku murabhoritari.
2. Danho rechipiri, izvo zvinosanganisira nzira Murabhoritari Diagnostics neHIV, - tsanangudzo zvirwere. It rakaitirwa rataurwa pamusoro apa murabhoritari. Pano zvakare zvakanaka Sera nezvokumwe muna Elisa, asi kushandisa zvakasiyana bvunzo mugadziriro, iyo yakasiyana aimbova Zvinoumba maantigen, antibodies kana nemanyorerwo miedzo pachavo. In Pakusarudza akaipa mugumisiro rinoitwa yokudzidza arambe ari wechitatu bvunzo hurongwa. Kana matambudziko utachiwana semubairo asina kuwanikwa, izvozvo Vhudzi kusavapo hwemukondombera. Asi uine Saka serum anodzidzwa mune Linear kana masoja achasvibiswa.

Pakupedzisira yakadaro algorithm unobereka zvakanaka, kwazvakarerekera kana nemigumisiro yakaipa.

Ose mugari vanofanira kuziva kuti kuwanikwa HIV Diagnostics. AIDS vangazivikanwa toga masangano, matunhu neminisiparati kana voruzhinji utano.

mabatiro

Chokwadi, kuziva utachiwana kwaizova zvishoma kushandiswa pasina nzira dzakasiyana-siyana yokuwana chirwere. Uye kunyange panguva iyoyo ichiri hapana mushonga kuti aigona zvachose neutralize utachiona, imwe nyanzvi nechirwere, kurapwa uye kutevera-up muzvidzivirire HIV anogona yekudyidzana kuvandudza mamiriro murwere, nokudaro nguva refu hwake. chinyorwa ichi kunosimbiswa ndechokuti avhareji hunotarisira upenyu hwevanhu kuti vakatanga mangwanani kurapa HIV makore 38 okuberekwa. Vakadzi vanotanga Anti-immunodeficiency utachiona, kurarama avhareji yemakore 41.

Kamwe nechirwere rave akaitwa, kurapwa HIV ipfupi pakushandisa nzira dzakawanda. Somumwe rakajairika tikwanise kuona basa yemaARV kurapa HAART ndiyo chete. Kana nguva uye nounyanzvi kushandisa kurapa mhando ichi, zvinokwanisika kuti yekudyidzana zvishoma kuchiita AIDS kana kunyange kurimisa.

HAART Chaizvoizvo mamota pasi chokwadi kuti panguva iyoyo nokushandisa kakawanda mishonga zvigadzirwa, ane chinangwa kuchinja nzira dzakasiyana pamusoro immunodeficiency utachiona.

Pashure nzira dzakasiyana-siyana HIV nechirwere akataura chokwadi chirwere, mishonga inogona kushandiswa, vane zvinotevera izvi:

• Immunological. Kudzikamisa rokuzvidzivirira, avete pamwero T-lymphocytes, nekuona kudzivirira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.
• Clinical. Rinovatadzisa pave AIDS nezvose zvinozonzi, nguva refu upenyu varwere Kuchengetedzwa ose muviri mabasa.
• Virological. It rikauya ichivharira utachiona chokuwanziridza, nokudaro achidzikisa ari nemavhairasi mutoro uye zvadaro wakaiswa yakaderera pamwero.

Zvakaoma kuona kukosha matanho akadaro kukanganisa chirwere, sezvo chirwere, kurapwa uye kudzivirira utachiona hweHIV. Naizvozvo, chinhu chakanakisisa chaungaita pashure zvakanaka migumisiro pakudzidza panyaya chirwere - iri pakarepo kutanga kundorwa chirwere. Somumwe nzira, izvo zvichaita kuti tikwanise kuona virological kurapwa.

Muchiitiko ichi tiri kutaura pamusoro kushandisa zvinodhaka, izvo usarega utachiona kuti kuisa T-lymphocytes, uye kuti mukati mumuviri. mishonga yakadaro inonzi kupinda FIs. In "Tselzentri" anogona kupiwa ave muenzaniso chaiwo.

Kudzvinyirira HIV inogona kushandiswa nemavhairasi runovharidzira mamwe FIs. Chinangwa boka iri zvinodhaka kudzivirira utachiona masero matsva. It mishonga akadai "Viracept", "Reyataz", "Kaletra" and said.

The boka wechitatu kukamura uchishandisa mishonga - a reverse transcriptase 'FIs. Vanofanira chaivharidzira imwe enzayemu unobvumira utachiona kuti vawande RNA mu mwoyo weatomu lymphocyte. Nzira idzi kubvumira chinhu kuti munhu anzwe nyaya dzakadai neHIV. Chirwere, kurapwa uye kweAIDS - nyaya vanachiremba anokwanisa, saka algorithm kushandisa zvinodhaka, vanofanira kuita izvozvo.

sezvo immunologic uye kurapwa migumisiro angashandiswa kana zvakakodzera.

dziviriro

The World Health Organization rinopa zvinotevera nzira neHIV:

• Kudzivirira chirwere zvepabonde. Zvinokuchengetedzai pabonde, makondomu, STD kurapwa uye kudzidzisa zvirongwa.
• Nokuti vakadzi vane pamuviri vane HIV akanga dzakaonekwa, - chirwere, dziviriro, kushandisa makemikari zvakakodzera, uyewo nyanzvi mazano uye kurapwa.
• Sangano muzvidzivirire kuburikidza zvinogadzirwa neropa. Muchiitiko ichi tiri kutaura pamusoro Anti-utachiona kubudiswa uye vachiongorora vaipa.
• Social uye zvokurapa rubatsiro kuvarwere nemhuri dzavo.

To HIV chirwere haana kuzivisa pamberi utachiona, unofanira kutevera nyore vakachengeteka mitemo:

• kana utachiona ropa rikawana paganda rako, zvinofanira pakarepo kusukwa vanofanira kure nesipo nemvura, pashure izvo muitiro kuonana nzvimbo doro;
• Kana kukuvara rave kuwanikwa kubva pasi pezvokuvamba utachiwana, zvakakodzera dzvinya ronda, nepavaigona ropa kuti dzinoona kunzvimbo hydrogen peroxide, uye micheto cauterize ayodhini;
• haana kushandisa sirinji kuti kusabereka nokuti hausi;
• pabonde kondomu, uye zviri nani pakutanga yokuedza nemumwe kuti infiltrations.

zvabuda

Nokuti kuti HIV chirwere hakumo munzvimbo, zviuru zvevanhu vanokwanisa kutanga kurapwa nenguva uye yekudyidzana kuwedzera upenyu anotarisirwa. Chinhu chikuru hachisi kufuratira zviratidzo pachena uye usatya kuenda kwachiremba.