Huru dombo-nokuumba zvicherwa

Rock-nokuumba zvicherwa dzinonzi zvicherwa, izvo zviri chikamu mumatombo sezvo vari zvinokosha zvinoumba dzose. Ivo zvisingapindirani nezvavanenge zvivako uye makemikari anoumba. Kuwedzera padombo Anoumba zvicherwa, panewo chiduku. Zvaitika sezvo nouipi uye regai kutamba yakakura kudaro Geological basa.

plagioclases

Plagioclase - vakawanda dombo-zvichiumba zvicherwa. Ndivo musanganiswa anorthite uye albite. Kune akasiyana akawanda plagioclase. With nokuwedzera kuwanda anorthite nani chikuru chicherwa.

Plagioclases Kusagadzikana wakasiyana noruremekedzo makemikari weathering, nekuda zvavakanga vava ivhu yeimwe. Kana chikamu ichi vari rakafanana ari feldspars. Aitwe sechinhu cladding uye decoration zvinhu. Anenge rock-dzichiumbwa chicherwa plagioclase boka ose rinoungana ari Urals uye Ukraine.

nepheline

Boka aluminosilicate framework zvinosanganisira nepheline. Iye kwezvinoshandiswa silica. Kwakadaro zvicherwa rock-dzichiumbwa vari chikamu igneous yamatombo, kusanganisira nephelinites uye nepheline syenite. Nyore kunoshayisa pachiso uye tinoshandurirwa kaolinite uye yechipiri inotungamirwa sulphate kana carbonate sezvamunoita.

Pamwe chete apatite nepheline matombo zvingaite yakakura arrays zvinokosha chaizvo kuti bhizimisi ano. Ivo anoshandiswa kugadzirwa regirazi, simende, alumina, silica, pasoda, ultramarine uye m. P. idzi dzinokosha dombo-nokuumba zvicherwa kuitika pamusoro Kola Peninsula muna Murmansk mudunhu.

Amphibole uye pyroxene

Amphiboles, kana tepi silicates zvinosanganisira hornblende, izvo zvinokosha dombo-dzichiumbwa chezvinonhuwira mune igneous uye metamorphic matombo. Its hunomusiyanisa nevamwe zvinhu - matunhu simba uye yakakwirira kuoma. Kakawanda, hornblende rinowanikwa mune Urals.

Augite - dombo-dzichiumbwa chicherwa pyroxene. Iye kunokosha chezvinonhuwira magmatic namatombo. Bemhapemha augite angava akasiyana chaizvo (kubva mutema girini). Izvi chicherwa of pyroxene boka dombo-dzichiumbwa ndiyo chikamu basalt, andesite, diabase, uye mamwe matombo.

Mica

Mimwe silicates vari layered, scaly kana foliated chivako. Rakajairika zvicherwa dzakadaro asbestos, talc, kaolinite, hydromica uye Mika (kusanganisira muscovite uye biotite).

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinhu? Muscovite Mica chinhu chena, kuchiitika metamorphic uye igneous matombo. The weathering rova anongoremberera. Muscovite rinoshandiswa sezvo insulating zvinhu. It rinoshandiswawo kuvaka, apo Mika upfu yapararira pachishandiswa kupararira zvinhu. Muscovite kubudiswa Eastern Siberia, muna Urals uye Ukraine.

Similar dombo-nokuumba zvicherwa - biotite. Izvi magnesian uye ferruginous naMika, shava kana dema. Ndiwo maitiro metamorphic uye igneous matombo. Biotite unoumba granular uye scaly kuwanda. Zvinonzi vaitirei chicherwa mishonga kusagadzikana hunhu. Biotite rinowanikwa muna Trans-Baikal nharaunda uye Urals.

hydromicas

vamwe kunyange dombo-nokuumba zvicherwa wamatombo - ndiko hydromica. Pakanzi yavo - shoma cations. Uyezve, rakasiyana hydromica Mica dzinokwanisa yakakwirira zviri mvura marongerwo, izvo zvinoratidzwa zita ravo. Ivo inobatsira kuti paumbwe hydrothermal pezvakaitwa uye weathered matombo.

The chinokosha hydromica - vermiculite zvisvundu kana yendarama mashava. Kana neshungu, asi samolecular siyana ichi chicherwa mvura mhute, kuwedzera rukoko ari sekristaro lattices, iyo anowedzera vhoriyamu kwayo uye arambe achirema. Vermiculite kunokosha nokuda kwayo ruzha-Inofadza uye insulating unhu.

phyllosilicates

Zvicherwa, asbestos, talc, montmorillonite uye kaolinite tiri boka phyllosilicates. Chii yavo rutivi? talc inotungamirwa kunoitika pamusana nekuita with hot mhinduro aluminosilicates uye magnesium silicates. It rinoshandiswa upfu muchimiro ari zvaAtemisi mapurasitiki.

Kufanana nevamwe zvicherwa dombo-dzichiumbwa, asbestos inozivikanwa se zvakawanda zvipenyu ayo. Iye murombo kondakita dzemagetsi nokupisa, akasiyana alkali-uchapupu uye moto nemishonga. Mukuru ukoshi ane chrysotile asbestos. Zvinonzi aumba kubva carbonate matombo uye olivine. Muchimiro refu internet asbestos rinoshandiswa zvaAtemisi motokari zvikamu uye dzimwe micheka fireproof.

The inonyanya chicherwa kaolinite ivhu matombo anonzi. Zvinonzi inoumbwa ne weathering waMika uye feldspar, uye kunoratidzwa kumusoro pakusimba. chicherwa ichi kunoratidzwa chena, grayish kana brownish ruvara. Kaolin That akashandiswa Ceramics indasitiri, apo zvinhu izvi mbishi zvaishandiswa pakugadzira porcelain stoneware uye porcelain. Nokuda ehupfumi waro chicherwa Anoumba, zvinhu izvi vanoonekwa ne plasticity.

Montmorillonite iri kujairika muzvinhu zvakawanda. makemikari anoumba wayo kusagadzikana uye kunobva ehupfumi zvomumhepo, kusanganisira kubva mvura kugutsikana. Izvi zvikuru dombo-nokuumba zvicherwa nhaka Mobile sekristaro yekamuri, nokuti izvo kuzvimba zvakasimba pamusoro kuonana unyoro.

Montmorillonite achiumbwa pasi alkaline ezvinhu nokuda manyowa uye tuff kuputika madota nemvura. Iye anowanikawo munzvimbo weathered igneous dombo uye husingakwanisi namakemikari weathering. chicherwa ichi Zvinonzi argillaceous matombo dzokuwedzera adsorbability uye kuzvimba. Montmorillonite rinoshandiswa sechinhu emulsifier, filler, uye brightener. minda yayo dziri muna Crimea, ivo Carpathians uye Caucasus.

Goldstone

Mineral oxides - vari yeimwe chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi uye okisijeni. Mumiriri vakawanda veboka iri Goldstone. chicherwa ichi chakaumbwa igneous pezvakaitwa kuitika pakadzika mukati wenyika. It unowanikwa zvakasiyana matatu: somunhu cristobalite, tridymite uye-Goldstone. Wokupedzisira okunatsiridza izvi vakadzidza nani kupfuura vamwe.

Silica kunobatanidzwa padombo Anoumba zvicherwa zviri igneous matombo (uye sedimentary uye metamorphic). Hazvina mishonga nemishonga. Goldstone rinoungana, achiumba simba sediments, sand uye sandstones. The chicherwa rinoshandiswa Ceramics uye magirazi Mazinga. Sezvinowanzoguma ibwe (sandstone uye quartzite), ndiko nevakawanda ari kuvaka uye chivakwa zvinhu nemamiriro. Uyewo, rinoshandiswa mune zvaAtemisi glassware, Manyiminya mano uye zvichingodaro. D.

carbonates

Rimwe boka rock-nokuumba zvicherwa - carbonates. Vari zvinowanzoshandiswa munyu carbonic acid. Carbonates ndiwo maitiro ari metamorphic uye sedimentary matombo. The Mhando vakawanda vavo - magnesite, calcium yavaibvisa. Vose vane zvivako zvavo nomumwe.

Calcite kunoratidzwa murombo solubility mumvura. Achifuridzirwa carbon dioxide inobvisa unogona kuenda bicarbonate. chigadzirwa Izvi zvazvichanyungudutswa kazana nokukurumidza mumvura pane dzose calcite. chicherwa ichi rinowanikwa crystalline aggregates, speleothems nemvumi deposits yemabhura reraimu. Calcite zvingaite somugumisiro kuunganidza sludge. Chimwe chikonzero chacho chitarisiko - the deposition calcium carbonate mumvura. The deposits vanowanikwa Urals, Ukraine uye Kaleria.

Magnesite akafanana calcite chimiro mamiriro, asi zvisikwa zviri vashoma zvikuru. Chikonzero chacho inotungamirwa zvinhu. Magnesite achiumbwa kubudikidza weathering kuti serpentinite uye nekuita magnesian reraimu uye mhinduro.

Yavaibvisa - chena kana Hauoneki chicherwa kuitika muchimiro gobvu uye granular vakawanda. Kana neshungu, izvozvo urwa. Yavaibvisa hydroxide mhinduro anobudiswa munyu madhamu zvakadyiwa umo zvakawandisa yakanyauka carbon dioxide. chicherwa ichi rinoshandiswa simbi uye kugadzirwa regirazi.

hiakindi

Hiakindi - kwakapararira amorphous hydrated silica. Haadi zvinoshatisa mu acids, asi zviri soluble mune alkalis. Kune vashoma ezvinhu dzidzo yake. Izvi rinowanika nokuda chicherwa deposition geysers uye inopisa mhinduro uye weathered igneous matombo. Uyezve, achiumbwa nokuda kuunganidza metabolic zvibereko zvipenyu mugungwa. Opals dzakakurumbira mashoko jewelers.

Sulfates uye sulfides

Zvicherwa sulfates vari sulfuric asidhi munyu, akaumba pamusoro pepasi. Vazhinji yeimwe yeboka iri havasi zvakakwana kugadzikana mune nyika nechepasi. Sulfates akadai gypsum uye barite mirabilite rinoshandiswa pakuvaka zvinangwa. Anhydrite ndiyo yakasimba granular guru. Izvi crystalline chicherwa aine maitiro whitish-mutema.

Uchikurukura mvura nacho anowedzera uwandu anhydrite uye gypsum anova kunyora anoyevedza kuunganidza yokucheka mapuranga. sulfate Iri chaiwo namakemikari precipitate kuumbwa pamusoro nokuomesa makungwa. Gypsum uye anhydrite zvinoshandiswa sezvo binders.

Heavy spar kana barite chinhu tabular crystals vane yakananga chimiro. Haana kurasikirwa maekisirei, nokuti chii rinoshandiswa kugadzirwa aikosha kongiri. Barite achiumbwa somugumisiro nokurasikirwa mvura kubva inopisa mhinduro.

Sulfides - a sarufa remubatanidzwa nevamwe zvinhu. Kukirasi ichi ndohwavo cinnabar. chicherwa ichi Rinobatanidzwa ne vaduku anoputika. Zvakasikwa, cinnabar inowanikwa muchimiro mutsinga uye inotungamirwa deposits. It rinoungana somugumisiro alluvial pachake nokugadzikana pasi. Cinnabar pamusoro nemekiyuri rinoshandiswa kwetunhu uye anogadzira zvinhu pendi.