Iran: chitendero uye ezvitendero zviduku

Iran akapa nyika matongo Zvivako zhinji uye nhaka yaro tsika richiri kuitwa vainyatsoongorora nemasayendisiti kubva pasi pose. The nyika yave vakakwanisa kwete chete kuramba asiwo kuwedzera fuma yavo, sehurumende ine kuparadzana zvachose nechitendero uye vasikana.

Iran: zvishoma pamusoro inokosha

Iran anogona kunzi ezvinhu apo zvakaoma kuva akasiyana. Vazhinji vanogara vari vaPezhiya, uye vane zvakananga kukanganisa dzomunyika enyika munyika. Pasinei chokwadi kuti munzvimbo dzakawanda zvakaoma kuwana yepamusoro nyika zvakadai Iran, chitendero chinoita basa rinokosha. From inorambidza dzechitendero uye nemirayiro vanosemburwa muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva zvachose vose vagere mamiriro, kubvira musoro nyika uye anopera mano nyanzvi dzokugadzira.

Mutauro Iran iri Persian, inotaurwa ruzhinji kwevanhu. Zvinonzi akadzidzisa muzvikoro uye yakakwirira masangano dzidzo Tehran. Women munyika havasi hazvo kudzidza, izvi nokuda tsika dzechitendero kuti vari zvakajeka ushandiswe chechikadzi kusaruramisira. Vakadzi vari zvakare vanobvumirwa vane hurumende inokosha uye kuva vapristi. Mune dzimwe kodzero dzemadzimai hadzina vatyora zvakare. vaongorori vakawanda Western kutombomuziva yazvino mamiriro Iran, kure Ages zvisizvo vaMuslim uye nedzidziso.

Chitendero Ancient Iran

Vagari Ancient Iran Aimiririrwa madzinza anongofamba vakapararira, saka chitendero dzomunyika Iran rokutanga dzinopesana uye vane midzi zvakasiyana. Akasimba amarudzi Iranian Plateau vaiva CARCHI, iro vakakwanisa akatambanudza zvavanotenda pakati mamwe madzinza kurarama munharaunda iyi.

Mune vanamwari Aryan, mumwe anogona kuverenga anopfuura chiuru yakasiyana midzimu uye vanamwari. Vose vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri:

• vamwari rayirai;
• vamwari zvakasikwa.

Mumwe mwari aiva vapristi ayo uye basa rinokosha tsika. Zvishoma nezvishoma, tsika idzi vakava yakagozha, uye ndakagara upenyu vakauya pamusoro zvachinja chitendero Iranians yekare. By mumireniyamu yechipiri BC, ivo pachena mwari uchenjeri, raiva lightest vose vanamwari vose pantheon. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti raiva kumumvuri kunamatira moto, uyo akaita zvibayiro chimiro mhuka uye hunhu kuti zvipo. Panguva moto yezvibayiro Aryans vakatora doro zvinobata. Unonzi haoma, uye yaishandiswa kare kuparadzanisa kubva mhemberero dzechitendero kwezviuru zvemakore.

Pakazopera zana remakore rechinomwe BC pamusoro munharaunda Ancient Iran akaumba mutsva rechitendero cheZoroastrianism, iro rakapararira nokukurumidza pakati yevagari uye yaiva nesimba zvikuru munyika.

CheZoroastrianism - the chidzoke itsva chitendero rechitendero

On Nezvekwakabva cheZoroastrianism pamusoro ari Iranian Plateau dzakawanda ngano, asi chaizvoizvo muvambi dzeboka aiva chaiye chaiye. Historians vakakwanisa kuwana uchapupu hwokuti Zoroaster aiva mupristi nesimba pamusoro Aryans. Kwoupenyu hwake aiparidza uye pazera remakore makumi mana nemaviri, vakagamuchira chizaruro yaiva hwaro kuti chidzoke rechitendero chitsva. Mupristi vakatanga kushingaira kuunza chiedza kutenda vakawanda, vachifamba munyika, uye pashure penguva kuparidza Zoroaster dzakatorwa mubhuku dzvene rimwe chete - Avesta. akanga akapiwa mano kujairika, uye kwemazana emakore yazova ngano munhu, kuvapo iyo akabvunza zvinenge zvose nyanzvi Western.

Kunyatsogona cheZoroastrianism

Kwemakore akawanda, Iran akunda cheZoroastrianism. Chitendero hazvishamisi seari pamusoro tsika yekare Aryans, tinogona kutaura kuti Zoroaster akabatana zvose anozivikanwa ezvitendero mune imwe. Chinonyanya kukosha mwari muna cheZoroastrianism vaiona Ormuzd, anomiririra zvose waibvira uye wakanaka. Anofanira kuramba kurwisa mukoma Angra Manyu wake murima, uyo anoda kuparadza vanhu, kana aikwanisa kuwana makabatisisa payo.

Maererano zvinokosha cheZoroastrianism, mumwe mwari munyika zviuru zvitatu zvemakore, makore zviuru zvitatu, vari kurwira pakati pavo. Mumwe nguva kurwisa kwakadaro achiperekedzwa njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga. Asi kuchinja hakudzivisiki, navabati vanhu ndiko kugadzirira ichi.

Avesta: bhuku dzvene pakati Iranians yekare

All nemitemo uye kunyatsogona cheZoroastrianism pakutanga akapfuura kubva nomuromo, asi pakupedzisira vakawana mashoko avo Avesta. Inoitwa zvikamu zvitatu. Chokutanga akaunganidzwa nziyo vanamwari, minyengetero Ormudze wechipiri, newechitatu anoratidza vose mhemberero huru nenheyo kapoka kane yechitendero.

CheZoroastrianism: Tsika uye ushumiri

Chinonyanya kukosha chokufunga basa kuti kunamatwa cheZoroastrianism aiva moto. Agara vakaramba vapristi temberi uye akatanga kupupurira tsika mharuro muduku Aryans. Kwemakore gumi, mukomana mumwe akagamuchira kudzidziswa mwari, nguva dzose kuitwa pamoto, inova hwokuwa mhemberero raifanira "zvokudya" kashanu pazuva. Pose, zvakapoteredza chinotsva, mupristi akanga averenga munamato.

Special Mhemberero kutevedza zviitiko muupenyu munharaunda, chakaoma kunzwisisa zvikuru manipulations rwaiitwa panguva aizovigwa mitumbi yevakafa Iranians.

The kukunda Iran ne maArab: shanduko chitendero

Muzana remakore rechinomwe vakundi vechiArabhu rakapinda mu Iran. Chitendero navaArabhu, chiIslam, yave achishingaira bvikinyidza dzose cheZoroastrianism. emakore anoverengeka zvainge imperceptible, mapoka ose ezvitendero hwakagara murugare munyika. Asi pakazosvika zana remakore rechigumi, zvinhu zvakachinja zvinoshamisa, Islam akava zvikuru akasima. Avo hazviwirirani hurumende itsva vechitendero vakatambudza. In dzakawanda Iranian Zoroastrians vakanga achiuraya, uye vakaita saizvozvo nehasha kwazvo. Panguva iyi, guru chikamu vateveri kutenda yekare akatamira kuIndia, uko akasvika pakuzivikanwa se cheZoroastrianism Parseeism uye ichiri zvikuru nesimba rechitendero munyika.

Islam: Iran kuva chitendero mamiriro

Vezvenhau regai kupokana, chii chaiva chitendero mamiriro Iran pashure nokudzingwa of Zoroastrians - Islam kwemakumi emakore zvakasimba vatora nzvimbo yaro iri mupfungwa nemwoyo Iranians. Kubva muzana remakore rechigumi, izvozvo chete akasimbisa nzvimbo yaro uye kushingaira kukanganiswa kwetsika upenyu munyika.

Kubva nemitanhatu remakore, Iranian rudzi rava ubatanidzwe hondo mbiri nezvemaitiro Islam - Sunni uye Shia. Kakawanda, izvi mativi airwisana mune hondo nezvombo akaparadzanisa nyika mapoka maviri. Izvi zvose inokanganisa musi Iran. Chitendero rava kutsanangura uye dzimwe mutemo anenge anenge zvachose mukana dzinonyatsozikanwa nhaurirano pakati Iran uye Western nyika.

Mukutanga ramakumi remakore vazivi Iranian vakaedza ndimutsidzire tsika cheZoroastrianism munyika, asi muna eighties remakore rapfuura, vechiIslam chimurenga hwogumisa vamwe madiro mukunamata, uye pakupedzisira kuisa simba Shiite vaMuslim.

Iyo chitendero muna Iran ndiyo zvikuru nhasi?

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti, pasinei Rigidity of Iranian vatongi munyika nguva nenguva paiva siyana dzenzvimbo dzechitendero. Havana kugamuchira vakawanda kuparadzirwa, asi mumwe mapazi Islam achiri akakwanisa kuwana nzvimbo munyika. kosi iyi ndiyo kutenda rweBhaha'i, iyo anowanzonzi kubatana nechitendero. Panguva iyoyo ino nevashoma yechitendero ine vateveri zvikuru Iran.

Kunyange zvakadaro, Iran kuti chitendero mamiriro ndomumwe, nekuti kupfuura makumi mapfumbamwe muzana ndivo Shia vaMuslim. Vanoti hofisi paruzhinji uye kuva vafundisi zvikuru. Vasere muzana vazivikanwe sevanhu Sunni vaMuslim, uye chete dzasara maviri muzana Iranians vanozviti kutenda rweBhaha'i, chiKristu uye chiJudha.

enyika dzakawanda Western ambiguously akaratidza pamusoro Iran wayo polity. Vanotenda kuti boka rechitendero rine muchinyatsochenjerera zvinodavirwa muchitendero sei Shia, yekudyidzana ichikutadzisa kukura ehurumende. Asi hapana munhu anogona here kufungidzira kuti zvichakanganisa kuvaka upenyu zvavo Iranians, kana chitendero zvichaita nezvaanoita maduku mudzimba uye vatorwa mutemo munyika.