Mogilev History mu mapikicha

Belarus iri kumabvazuva eguta Mogilev, izvo pakati pezana-ramakumi remakore, kwakauraya musoro guru Byelorussian SSR. Nhasi guta rine vagari 380,000 vanhu Bole. Nepariri, guta riri muzvikamu zviviri inoyerera rwizi Dnepr pano: Zadneprovskaya mugove uye mudzi. Rwizi anoramba navigable kubva pamazuva 110 kusvika 230 pagore. Nhoroondo Mogilev ari mapikicha zvichakurukurwa kune dzako munyaya ino.

Foundation muguta

Mogilev munhoroondo yakatanga kune vekare. Archaeological Kucherwa zvakaratidza kuti munharaunda guta yaigarwa vakakomba V remakore, uye atova X remakore paiva ugari pano. Pane ngano dzakawanda pamusoro nheyo Mogilev. Maererano nomumwe wavo, guta rakavakwa navavezi vatengesi kumativi yemauto iyo yakavakwa muna 1267 varayirwa Prince Lev Mogiya. Arkeologia muzvinambiri ichi haina akaratidza, sezvo yakawanikwa mapfupa wenhare havana.

Imwe ngano inotaura kuti guta rakanga rakavakwa kunhivi imwe kereke Orthodox kana chete yakatangwa Polotsk muchinda Lvom Vladimirovichem.

The yakakurumbira Nyaya kwaita Mogilev akati kuti musango vaigara gororo chikwata inotungamirirwa Ataman Masek, uyo aikudzwa ne simba rinopfuura revanhu simba. Boyar kubirwa Masek, uyo panguva iyoyo murunyararo murimi mudiki mwenga, uye akasarudza kutsiva, akaenda musango. Ataman akaurayiwa akatengesa mwenga wake, vanhuwo zvavo vakamuviga pane mumwe pamahombekombe Dnieper, pamusoro peguva murwi wakadururwa, uye nzvimbo kuvigwa akazozivikanwa se "Tomb of Lion." Ndokusaka guta kwamuka pano rinonzi Mogilev.

Nyaya Mogilev

Sezvo kuvambwa guta somutariri kuzvidzivirira nhare-kugarwa mashandiro uye, Ungangove, rakaparadzwa zvinenge zvakazara wechiTatar vachirwisa vari pakati XIII remakore, sezvinoratidzwa vakawanda zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo.

Kokutanga sezvo yokugara Mogilev anotaurwa XIV remakore mu "List maguta Russian, pedo nokure." Panguva iyoyo akanga asina enyika uye zvoupfumi chaiwo mabasa. uyezve, atova XVI remakore Mogilev chinhu chinokosha pamusoro Grand Duchy pakati Lithuania, aionekwa somunhu nhaka wePolish Queen Jadwiga, mudzimai Grand Duke pakati Lithuania. makore 200 gare gare, muna 1503, guta wakapiwa rimwe mambokadzi Polish - Helena.

Muzana XVI remakore Mogilev vakatanga kushingaira kuumba uye kukura pakatanga muMagdeburg mutemo, izvo zvakaita rikwezve inoti - vavakidzani Lithuania. Saka, muna pakati XVII remakore guta rakundwa pasina kurwa uto Russian, asi makore manomwe gare gare akanga adzoka ari Commonwealth. The guta zvakaipisisa wakakanganiswa weboka Russian-Polish kunetsana.

Nemakore Russian-Swedish Hondo 1700-1721 uyewo kwakakanganisa kwazvo Mogilev, akanga zvose pitted pamwe inoerera uye masvingo akashongedzerwa. First partition kwePoland muna 1772 kwakaita kuti kuchinjwa Mogilev muna Russian Empire muna 1777 rakaumbwa Mogilev province. Pashure 3 years, zviri pano kuti musangano Russian Empress Catherine II uye Emperor Joseph Austria. Munguva yehondo pamwe Napoleon pedyo Mogilev aiva muhondo Russian inifanduri Corps uye hondo French rinotungamirirwa General Davout. chiitiko ichi chakatsaurirwa kuna shongwe wakaiswa pano.

Mogilev muna XX remakore

Mumakore yehondo 1914-1917. chaizvo yaiva Mogilev zvazvingava Emperor Nicholas II. Pashure nezvezviitiko February 1917 Mutungamiriri zvazvingava pano yakaramba, kusvikira November 1917.

Muna 1938 Mogilev aifanira kuita guta guru Byelorussian SSR, saka, akaita kushingaira rokuvakazve maguta dzakavakwa Zvisinei hotel, mabhaisikopo, multi-storey dzinogarwa zvivakwa,, somugumisiro wacho accession kuWestern Belarus Mogilev haana kuva guru. The kechipiri Mogilev zvinganaka kuti guta pashure pakuguma hondo 1941-1945., Sezvo Minsk rakaparadzwa anenge zvachose, asi hazvina kuitika zvakare.

Panguva Great Patriotic Hondo Mogilev nayo aitoita nevaNazi muna July 1941 uye akasunungurwa chete muna June 1944. Panguva ino, vanenge zviuru 100 Vagari muguta uye dzakapoteredza munzvimbo vakaurayiwa kana vakaendeswa Germany basa rokumanikidzirwa. On munharaunda wevasungwa uye dzaifanoiswa musasa vasungwa vehondo zvakatanga.

City muna XXI remakore

Muzana XXI remakore Mogilev ndiyo muzinda zvetsika uye zvoupfumi pakati Mogilev nharaunda. Kudeuka mupiro upfumi kudunhu vari kuita mafuta achinatsa, muchina-kuvaka uye simbi-achishanda nharaunda, guta rine Europe guru akaigadzira polyester fibers. Mogilev uye ndiye mumwe nzvimbo dzidzo Belarus, pane 7 mumayunivhesiti uye 12 yechipiri.

rainzwika guta

Mogilev pamberi basa kubudikidza vokuGermany muna 1941, guta akazvikudza vazhinji zvinokwezva, asi zvinenge vose vakaparadzwa. The guta hwakachengetedza zvivako Orthodox, yakadai se:

• St. Nicholas chechechi;
• Roman Catholic Church of kubvuma;
• Church of Three Hierarchs;
• Holy Cross Church;
• Holy Cross Cathedral.

Kuwedzera kune nzvimbo dzokunamatira, muna Mogilev pane dzimwe pfungwa mubereko, chimwe nechimwe chine munhoroondo ukoshi.

kubwinya sikweya

Munguva yenhoroondo Polish Mogilev tiswedere kwaari guta rakabudirira. Aionekwa chikuru rwizi chiteshi chengarava uye nechepakati pachivara aizivikanwa sezvo Pamusika. Pashure kuva chikamu Russian Empire, nharaunda pakuzivikanwa se naGavhuna, uye kukura munharaunda kuita ezvivako Russian. mutana chitoro zvitoro uye zvivako mana fanana dzakavakwa vakanga kubviswa imba gavhuna uye mutevedzeri gavhuna, mudunhu kanzuru uye imba yedare, zvokurapa bhodhi uye Archive (pari dzomunharaunda nhoroondo miziyamu).

Kusvikira zvino vakachengetedzwa chete chivako rechina zvakaoma. Mushure October Revolution, nharaunda akazozivikanwa Soviet, ichi ndipo zvomuenzaniso yaiuya partisans pahondo 1941-45. Muna 2014, nzvimbo akagamuchira chipo zita - Square Vakakurumbira.

Hall (Moguilev)

History anotiudza kuti kudzorerwa City Hall iri Belarusian zviremera kuita chete muna 2007, kunyange zvazvo rokufananidzira nokuturika kwakaitika mukuvamba 90s. XX Century. Nyaya kuvaka guta horo dzakatangira pakuguma XVI remakore, mushure mekugamuchira kugarwa pakati muMagdeburg mutemo. chivakwa The yepakutanga yakanga yakagadzirwa nematanda rave zvakazoita kuti moto, uye guta horo vakapisa zvachose, ndokusaka zvayo nzvimbo akachinja kakawanda.

Stone Town Hall yakavakwa mumakore 1679-1698, padenga rakanga akafukidzwa usina kukonekita, pedyo neguta horo yakanga yakaiswa namabiravira maviri pamusoro pawo gilded weathervane. Kukwirira shongwe ine spire yakanga 46 mamita. Pahondo 1700-1721 Russian-Swedish guta horo yakaparadzwa, asi emakore mashoma rakavakwazve. Muna 1780, guta neeimba vakashanyira Empress Catherine Guru.

Panguva Great Patriotic War, kuti Town Hall zvakaipisisa kukuvaradzwa, ayo aiziva nhoroondo Monument Vose-Union kukosha. Pasinei Board asarudze pamusoro kudzorerwa muguta horo, basa harina atanga, uye muna 1957 zvose rakavhuvhuta. City Hall akanga zvizere akadzorerwa uye akazarura kuruzhinji muna 2008.

Museum of History of Mogilev iri muna City Hall. Exhibition dzimba riri guva maviri meimba. Ndivo Exhibits X - kuvamba XX emakore kuti narrate zvinokosha zviitiko ugari. Museum of History Mogilev kumirira vashanyi kubva 10 am kusvika 18 pm. Monday uye Chipiri - yakavharwa.

Buynichnoe munda

chirangaridzo ichi riri mumusha Buinichi pedyo Mogilev. Rakanga pano muzhizha 1942 vhiki mbiri dzakanga kuramba achirwa hondo reSoviet pamwe occupiers German. The kunzwisisa wakazaruka 1995 uye inofukidza imwe nzvimbo pamusoro 20 hectares. Inoitwa nedenga, inova 27-mita wetsoka rinobatanidza chapel. Madziro chapero zvakaitwa inobwinya machena, akanyorwa mazita ravarwi partisans of Great Patriotic War. Pasi chapero ndiye crypt apo mapfupa akanga reburied masoja yevatadzi, izvo kunyange nhasi mapato kutsvaka.

Polykovichskaya Krynica

Izvi zvinoshamisa bhuku anozivikanwa kure mhiri guta, rakanga rakazaruka pakati pezana XVI remakore. Mvura kubva Krynica achiungana nechepasi pomupata, runoyerera kupinda Dnieper. Muzana XIX remakore pamusoro mirairo Count pakati Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Paraskevi chapero yakavakwa pano. Kubva panguva iyi kuti yendiro vakanga vachiuya kunobva, uye panobva aitaura chishamiso. Gore negore musi January 19 kunobva kunokwezva vanhu shure kunoshamisa kubhabhatidzwa mumvura.

Moscow uye Tula mamita

Mumigwagwa Lenin muna Mogilev ari "chitsuwa" vechokwadi guru Russian - Moscow dare, yakatangwa 2006. Pakati iri nhandare vana, kwakaitwa maonero Kremlin muMoscow, pedyo Arbat ndiyo kopi Wall Tsoi, dzimwe hukawanika vari dzakapendwa mifananidzo iri dingindira Moscow.

Pano, mumigwagwa Lenin, ndechimwe chivanze - Tula. At payo flaunts tsime guru, samovar, pano ari nzvimbo iri Tula Kremlin. Chivanze yose iri akashongedzwa nemifananidzo nguvo maoko Tula uye mifananidzo kubva upenyu guta.

Mogilev Drama Theater

Nhoroondo Mogilev akati kuti kusvikira pakati XIX remakore guta raiva yemitambo, uye tarira troupes vakaratidza zvavo panze zvesimba. Uye 40-ies. XIX remakore, vakuru guta vakaronga yemitambo pasi chivako yechipiri pamusoro vhuvhuta mumugwagwa. Imomo akapedza nguva pfupi, uye mumakore akatevera 20 makore yachinja nezvivakwa akawanda, saka vakuru veguta pavakafumomuka pfungwa kuvaka yemitambo. Rakavakwa muna 1888 nemari inounganidzwa kubva mari yezvipo kuti townsmen. Total akatora vanopfuura zviuru 50 rubles. At huru pamukova yemitambo yaiva pamusoro Chekhov kuti dingindira chivezwa - yakakurumbira Lady pamwe Dog.

chaishandiswa

Pakati Mogilev iri chaiyo chaishandiswa kuratidza nguva chaiyo. Heino chivezwa Stargazer uye 12 nezvigaro - zviratidzo nyeredzi. Stargazer Sculpture akabata teresikopu vakapakata purojekita, ane danda manheru kuti kunogona kuonekwawo kubva muchadenga.