Ivan Bohun - Zaporizhia Army konoro. History of Ukraine

Pakati vehondo, vakanga akatungamirira ari pakati XVII remakore hondo pakati Zaporizhzhya Cossacks pamusoro Polish kupindira, yakakurumbira Colonel Ivan Bohun. Panguva ino yakaoma Motherland vake akaratidza kwete chete kuva Patriot wechokwadi, asi ave mutungamiriri pakuridza muchiuto, anokwanisa kuitisa mabasa mumunda uye kudzivirira mumaguta. Vakawanda remapazi kunze vakapinda yenhau kare uye yaita bhuku yemberi vehondo.

Childhood uye kuyaruka zvakavigwa munhoroondo

History haana akachengetedza zvechokwadi mashoko pamusoro wake muduku uye makore oupenyu mangwanani. Kunyange musi wokuberekwa anozivikanwa chete inenge. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ramangwana akaberekwa Colonel muna 1618 muna Bratslav. Kunyange zita rake riri makakatanwa pakati nevatsvakurudzi. Vamwe kuzviona somunhu remadunhu-, sezvo shoko "Bohun" iri wokuUkraine zvinoreva danda kuti achiomesa mambure. Vazhinji vanodavira pwere Ivan zvakapfuura Wild Field - inowanzorimwa nharaunda pakati Dniester uye Don.

Tanga yokushumira kuti Motherland

The tanga muvhidhiyo uchapupu Ivan Bohun pfungwa dzake mugove kumukira Hetman vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata, akatungamirirwa musoro Zaporozhye Cossacks Jacob Ostryanina. zita rake wakabatanawo yakakurumbira yechiitiko ari kurwira nyika rusununguko - Azov chigaro. Mumakore mashanu (1637 - 1642) pamwe Cossacks Don Cossacks akaramba Turkish hondo Sultan Ibrahim, kukombwa muguta Azov. In ichi umhare kudzivirira Cossack yokuzviparadzanisa pasi murayiro Bohun kudzivirirwa kubva kuvavengi sokuronga kukosha - Borevskuyu kuyambuka Seversky Donets.

Kana muna 1648 kupandukira kwakatanga achitungamirirwa Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, kunokonzerwa nokusimbisa wePolish feudal kudzvinyirira uye ropafadzo rutapudzo pakati Cossack Ivan Bohun pakati vatungamiriri ayo. Kwapera gore, sezvo Vinnitsa konoro, akatungamirira makore akawanda kudzivirira Polish mauto Vinnitsa uye Bratslav. Pano, nesimba chinoshamisa akaratidza rake utungamiri tarenda hwakamubvumira, pamwe vatsigire rehurumende Vagari muguta, vakakunda kuondomoka kukunda.

Berestetskaya kurwa uye chirongwa kuMoldova

Inotevera Chiitiko emauto ake nzira penya aiva muhondo pakati hondo yacho Zaporozhye Cossacks uye hondo yacho Commonwealth, chakaitika pakutanga June 1651 mutaundi Berestechko riri Styr River. Muhondo iyi, iyo Cossacks, vakavimbika vatsigiri Tatars vakakundwa, asi nekuda Bohun vaikwanisa zvakakwana abude kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuramba pakurwa. Kusarudzwa nguva pfupi asati hetman, akazvisiyanisa somunhu akachenjera uye akachenjera mutungamiri.

Muna 1653 iri Cossack mauto pasi murayiro Ivana Boguna uye Timofeya Hmelnitskogo - mwanakomana Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, akaita rwendo kuenda kuMoldova. kuvhiyiwa uku dzakaguma rufu mwanakomana hetman pakati Zaporizhzhya Cossack mauto uye kukundwa. Kamwe ari akaoma chaizvo ezvinhu, Bohun akakwanisa akatiita kuti mubve mauto ayo kubva zvakatipoteredza, uye kutora chitunha Timoti. Up kusvikira pakuguma inotevera, mugore ra1654, aiitawo dzakawanda mishandirapamwe pamusoro nevarwi Commonwealth, ndokupinda navo Union of wechiTatar mauto. The chikuru nzvimbo yaro remapazi nemauto munguva iyoyo vaiva Bratslavshchina uye Uman.

A mutsigiri kuzvimirira of Zaporizhzhya mauto

Zvinozivikanwa kuti Ivan Bohun aiva anotyisa anokumhan'arira ipi kuedza norusaruro kodzero Cossack takasununguka. Ichi chaiva chikonzero chacho zvikuru maonero kurutivi Bogdanom Hmelnitskim akanga nemasaini September 1651 Belotserkovskii nyika. By achipinda chibvumirano ichi pamwe Poles, Ukrainian Cossacks hetman kunyimwa ropafadzo zvose, zvinoberekwa navo mukufamba kumukira nezvombo muna 1648.

Nechikonzero chimwe chete Bohun aiva anokumhan'arira uye rapprochement pamwe Moscow. Kana muna mugore ra1654 Pereyaslavl akanga dzakakurumbira akasarudza nharaunda sangano, uyo aidzora Zaporozhian Inochengeta, pamwe Russia, Vinnytsia konoro haana kupinda muparamende uye havana kuuya pamwe zvose mhiko Russian chamber. Apo Bogdan Khmelnitsky akafa Bohun ose nekunyaradza Hetman Ivana Vygovskogo uye Yuriya Hmelnitskogo vachiedza kumisa kuzvimirira pakati Cossacks pakugadzirisa nyaya zvezvipfuwo uye dzimwe negwaro. Asi panguva imwe chete, iye vakashora kuedza avo rapprochement pamwe tsika vavengi Cossacks - Poland uye Turkey.

March pamusoro Poland uye chinokonzera kukundikana

Muna 1656 chinokosha Cossack inotungamirwa pasi murayiro hetman Anton Zhdanovicha vakaita mwedzi yakawanda kurwisa munharaunda kwePoland. Chinangwa chacho chaiva kubatsira Wallachian uye Swedish mauto, achitungamirira rwisana kuvhiyiwa pamusoro vezvikwata mambo wePolish. Zvimwewo vehondo akanga Ivan Bohun. Tichigadzira kwavo nzira nomoto uye nomunondo Cossacks yakasvika Krakow, Warsaw uye Brest. Asi zvino chimwe chinhu chakanga chisingatarisirwi chakaitika: kuti Cossacks, ndaziva kuti mushandirapamwe kunoitika pasina mvumo kubva chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich, zvavakanga akapika, vakaramba mberi hondo. Somugumisiro, zviuru mauto muzhizha 1657 vakadzokera Hetman.

Muvengi Vygovskogo chibvumirano

Makore maviri gare gare pakanga nezvechiitiko zvikuru akatuka nyika manzwiro Ivana Boguna. Muna September 1658 muguta Gadyach chibvumirano chakanga yakasainwa pakati hetman Ivanom Vygovskim uye Poland. Maererano gwaro rino, nharaunda yose Zaporizhia Army aifanira kuva chikamu Commonwealth kodzero wechitatu nhengo bilateral Kubatanidzwa Poland uye Lithuania. Chiito ichi zvinonyadza haana kuwana simba, sezvo zvakanga zvisiri chagamuchirwa nenyika wePolish Sejm.

Zvisinei, akaita kumukirawo akamutsa Bohun nevatsigiri ake kuzorwa Vygovskogo. Somugumisiro, mumwe mutengesi kuti zvinodiwa nenyika vakakundwa uye zvakamanikidzwa kutizira kuPoland. Saizvozvowo, Vinnytsia Colonel akakwanisa kukunda uye Yuriyu Hmelnitskomu, yakasainwa muna 1660 Slaboschensky bhuku, infringes kodzero Cossacks.

uto basa madokero

Kwapera gore, kuva konoro Bohun Duchy pamusoro Lithuania, uye muna 1661, akadzokera kunyika yake, iye pamwe chete chikamu Yuriem Hmelnitskim mukurwisana vaviri vehondo Russian - Gregory uye Gregory Kosagova Ramodanovskogo. In hondo idzi kubudirira uto unotsauka kubva kwaari. Kuti zvinhu zvitowedzera kuipa, munguva pfupi akasungwa Poles.

Ndapedza imwe nguva ari mujeri, akasunungurwa naMambo, asi nemamiriro kuti raaizoita mushandirapamwe yavo Left Bank. In Yana Kazimira vakaronga moto munondo kukunda zvose vemo kubva Kiev kuna Novgorod Seversky. Rinorema mwoyo vakaenda pamushandirapamwe uyu Ivan Bohun, asi chisarudzo haana.

Kushorwa Poles, uye njodzi rufu

History inoratidza kuti kubva pamazuva Cossack konoro mangwanani anotanga kukuvadza kuna Poles, uye anoita zvose zvaanogona kuti chivhiringidze zvirongwa zvavo. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kudzivirira pamusoro pokuparadzwa kweguta, vaibatwa pasi ake murayiro dzakabatana. Sezvo hondo Yana Kazimira havana masimba zvakakwana rokusika mapoka avarwi dzatorwa, migumisiro yemuna vakava vagari nemisha yakawanda yasara seri mberi regiments.

Apo Commonwealth mauto akakomba Glukhov, Ivan Bohun akaita zvose zvaanogona kuti vabatsire kuvagari vayo. Sezvo akanga ari nhengo uto kanzuru wehondo wePolish, aiziva zvose dutu kuuya, yaakapa kuna kutsigira muguta. Kuwedzera inokosha operative ruzivo, akakwanisa verevedza ari rakakombwa mumatanda ose gunpowder uye nuclei. aronga yaisanganisira kunyange kudenha kubva rwemberi Poles vakati ichashandiswa kuzorwisa guta.

Asi, zvinosuruvarisa riri ichi mabasa ake chikazikamwa mambo, akarayira yepakarepo vasungwe Bohun. Nokukurumidza musangano munda nedare rechiuto, izvo akatongera ari Cossack konoro uye wandei vatsigiri vake rufu. The mutongo akaurayiwa pakarepo. Zvino musi February 17, 1664. Saka akafa mauto Zaporizhzhya gamba Ivan Bohun, ane Biography ari zvakabatana chaizvo kuti hondo kuzorwa Hetman ose Polish nechisimba.

Ukraine akachengetedza kuyeuka mwanakomana wake voumhare. Pashure pokuchinja, chehondo, akaraira Nikolai Shchors, ainzi Bogunovskim. Zvinonzi zita pashure Kiev Military Lyceum. Mumaguta akawanda Ukraine Ivan Bohun ainzi migwagwa, uye muna 2007, National Ukrainian bhengi wakabudiswa mari pamwe mufananidzo wake. Kuyeukwa gamba uye akachengetedzwa ari kuputirwa kukudzwa kwake yakakurumbira Ukrainian zvavo rwiyo.