Kana vakaona Antarctica? Tsvaka chii remakore rakawanikwa Antarctica

Antarctica - yacho nechando, yacho wechitanhatu, kare akaramba unsupported neSvondo. Kuvapo Its wafungidzira pakutanga munguva yedu. Kubva ipapo kusvikira panguva apo Antarctica yakavhurwa, zvaitora kupfuura gumi emakore. Chikonzero ichi iri inaccessibility kuti zvikuru yakaderera tembiricha kukukurwa chando uye kukwana iwe.

zvekungofungira

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo wokuti, mune remakore akavhura Antarctica, zvinogona akaswedera akasiyana pamakona. In sayenzi dzakawanda kuonekwa nguva imwe chiri kuonekwa zuva kana akanga kurondedzerwa. Pane kunyange rakakodzera rokuti "Huro pa muromo rezvipfuwo." Kana jogirafi vakaziva nzira iyi, nhasi mabhuku okuchikoro vangadai akatarisa zvakasiyana. A nguva apo Antarctica yakavhurwa, aizopiwa Antiquity. Zvadaro, vanofunga zvakawanda zvakanyorwa pamusoro fungidzira kuvapo munyika iri kumaodzanyemba anozivikanwa nyika.

The zita kondinendi kokutanga kutaurwa muzana remakore rechipiri AD muzvakanyorwa rechiGiriki geographer Marina Tirskogo. Antarctica - zvinoreva pakatarisana kweArctic. On the kure wezasi nenyika uye akanyora Aristotle, uyo zvakafanira ivepo yokufudza zvakawandisa nyika kuchamhembe. Version yakavanda kondinendi vakanamatira uye akakurumbira yekare zvomuchadenga Ptolemy.

kuedza

Mhinduro yomubvunzo: "? In chii remakore rakawanikwa Antarctica" Kungava kuva vakasiyana akatizivisa nhasi kana kubudirira korona kupfuura rimwe kuedza kusvika kondinendi husinganzwisisiki, akatakurwa ari XVI-XVII emakore. Mumwe rwendo rinotungamirirwa Amerigo Vespucci. Akanga ari mangwanani nenhanhatu remakore, yakasvika chitsuwa South Georgia. Uyezve ngarava haazorambi nechikepe nokuda zvinoshamisa zvikuru chando.

Next yakakurumbira kuedza, waiva mukana achinje pfungwa yedu chii remakore rakawanikwa Antarctica chakaitwa James Cook. Muna 1773 chikepe pasi utungamiriri hwake kokutanga munhoroondo vakayambuka Antarctic Circle. Cook vakapayona zviwi Arctic anoverengeka uye runako kure pamwe mumvura yacho wechitanhatu. Zvisinei, mugwagwa wakanga nemutemo sezvisingakundiki chando. On kusakwanisika kupfuura akadaro chipingamupinyi mufambi akanyora gare gare dhayari yake. Zvakanga chete pashure anenge makore 50, kubvuma izvi akaramba vezvikepe Russian Faddey Bellinsgauzen uye Mikhail Lazarev.

Mukuru nenzvimbo zvakawanwa

Famous rwendo nengarava "Rugare" uye "East" rakatanga muna mid-1819. Akatungamira rwendo, ane chinangwa chaiva kuwanikwa Antarctica, Lazarev uye Bellingshausen. Kupindana rwezasi dzomugungwa akasangana zvitsuwa zvitatu, yainzi seboka Marquis of kuyambuka. Asvika Earth Sandwich, Cook akazarura, uye akawana kuti chinhu yezvitsuwa. Akanzi ari Sandwich Islands. January 16 (Old Style) 1820 ngarava dzakakunda basa aigona kuti haana kupedza Dzheyms e. Pasina vakasvika kure nokururamisira pfupi kuti pemhenderekedzo kondinendi nechando, gare gare akashevedza Princess Martha Coast. Sezvo Panovhurwa Antarctica Bellingshausen uye Lazarev. The pamutemo musi chiitiko - January 28 (maitiro akare) muna 1820.

kuneimwe shanduro

Zvisinei, hapana nyore. Bellingshausen uye Lazarev haana yakawira pamusoro kondinendi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kwete vatsvakurudzi zvose dzinobvumirana kuti tisafunge musoro nhamba musi yakawanikwa Antarctica. In jogirafi, sezvo chero sainzi, pane mitemo. Somuenzaniso, akawana anoonekwa kuva munhu pamberi mumwe rutsoka panyika itsva. Pano, kuti "magamba kare" vari Norwegian vezvikepe Kristensen uye Borchgrevink. Masikati, vakati vazarura Antarctic, ndiko 23 January 1895. Zvisinei, vatsigiri Shanduro iyi zvishoma, uye mukuru musi anoramba kuzochinja.

kuitwa

The nguva apo kondinendi nechando zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga kuzivisa ayo zvakavanzika, akava XX remakore. Muna 1911, pakundopambara Roald Amundsen. Pakati kubudirira kwayo kwakanga yokutanga munhoroondo rakabudirira rwendo kuenda South Pole. Nokukurumidza akati asvika chikwata uye Robert Scott, uyo akanga zvinosuruvarisa akaurayiwa panzira shure.

Pezana remakore yaiva nguva maindasitiri Kugadzirwa kondinendi nechando. Zvakatanga kupfuura rakakura kudzidza Antarctica kubva 1956. Zvino vasvika kumahombekombe huru, wokutanga rwendo Soviet rinotungamirirwa Mihailom Somovym. Asati ichi kwaizotevera mapoka tsvakurudzo zvakagadziriswa basa chiteshi zvokushandisa, mashoko muunganidzwa pamusoro ratinoona mananara netembiricha ezvinhu, mhuka nyika kondinendi, simba mhepo vakawanda kutama, okunze munyika yaiva kuchamhembe.

pamwe dzakawanda

Muna 1956 kudzidza Antarctica harina yaidzorwa kusvikira pakuguma. Wokupedzisira chibvumirano panguva dzakawanda pamwero kwakaitika muna kumavambo 1959, apo dzakawanda akasaina "Treaty of Antarctic." Akaita kondinendi rechitanhatu ane mapazi isina nemasoja. On kunharaunda yayo kubva iyoyo wakarambidzwa dzokurasa chepfu uye radioactive namatongo. Chii vakabvuma nyika? Antarctica panguva iyoyo, vaongorori zvasvika masimba akawanda, asi pakanga avo chete vaida kuita kudaro. Chero zvakanga, vose vakaramba imwe isingazivikanwi nguva miganhu nezvenhamba. map rechitanhatu rava nzvimbo dzakawanda pamwe nesayenzi, uye anoramba saka nanhasi.

kubudirira

Panguva yaitonga Soviet Union, nhepfenyuro dzakawanda dzakatangwa munharaunda yacho nechando. Panguva dzinovere- yegore kumhanya kusvika masere zvikuru vanoshingaira pakutsvakurudza mabasa. Vakanga basa kusvika 180 vanhu muchando. Muzhizha, nhamba vashandi yakasvika 450.

Nokuti nguva yose Soviet Antarctic rwendo (SAE) yakanga yaunganidzwa siyana mashoko anokosha pamusoro kondinendi. On nzvimbo mepu akazviratidza mapani, makomo, bays nezvitsuwa. akadaro mananara kunge akadzidza sezvo Aurora uye madutu rinobva. Zvizhinji pfungwa inobhadharwa kufurirwa vaongorori weathering yacho nechando panguva okunze mune dzimwe nzvimbo yedu. Kubudirira masayendisiti eSoviet akanga hwaro kukura Russian zvirongwa yesayenzi muna Antarctica.

modernity

Panzvimbo EPS pashure pokuwa Soviet Union akasvika Russian Antarctic rwendo. gore dzose utsinye ezvinhu enyika kondinendi nechando akatuma vaongorori mberi basa ravo vamutangira. Nhasi nhamba nhepfenyuro zvikuru kushanda gore rose ndizvo mashanu. Vazhinji zvokutsvakurudza mabasa anoitwa pasi yavo. Kunze izvi, kurasa maviri polar pamwaka munda chechitima. Panguva iyoyowo tsvakurudzo pamusoro kondinendi vari kuita unyanzvi anopfuura mazana maviri Russian.

budiriro

Rechitanhatu Continent - kwete yokuzororera. Zvikuru pasi tembiricha dutu-simba nemhepo - kuti inozivikanwa Antarctica. Ocean, akaripoteredza, venga chaizvo. Naizvozvo, pano munogara akatuma vanhu vane utano hwakanaka uye vanogamuchira pfungwa, kupikisa mutoro uye kuita zvisarudzo contingencies dzakaoma. Ukuwo, zvinhu zvakadai zviri rabva mabikirwo yakashandiswa pakuvaka uye midziyo zvechitima. Sezvineiwo, zviri kuitika pamwero mberi kwesayenzi rinobvumira nhengo rwendo ndiyo shoma nguva yaungapedzera nokuramba hwomutambarakede ezvinhu avo vari noutsinye pamupendero. Somugumisiro pamusoro kwaita itsva ruzivo, maturusi uye nzira, vaongorori vanokwanisa kuwedzera munda wavo basa ose gore, uye tinodzidza zvakawanda pamusoro zvakavanzika kondinendi nechando.

Fani

Muenzaniso wakanaka kubudirira ndiko vanochera aizi pedyo yemapurisa "Vostok". Ikoko, mukupera 50s wekupedzisira remakore nzvimbo kwegungwa vasarudzirwa. Riri pasi gobvu paiva chando, uye zvichida kuvapo chimiro iyi mamiriyoni akawanda. Lake, ainzi nokuti "Vostok" chiteshi kunogona kuva ugaro zvigare, haana kuonana nevanhu pano biosphere.

Somugumisiro drilling pemvura subglacial mvura muviri kwave kubudirira muna 2012. Masayendisiti kuwana anobviswa zvinhu. Kuongororwa date dzisingapindirani kuita vatsvakurudzi. DNA sequences hombe nhamba zvigare dzawanikwa, asi pane mukana kuti vamwe vavo vapinda vari kuchera kwacho, uye mumwe zvisaririra ezvisikwa nokutsakatika.

Kudzidza mudziva iri kufarira uyewo nokuti nzira inoshandiswa chinangwa ichi, zvinogona kubatsira mune ramangwana. Masayendisiti vanofungidzira kuti achada munguva kukura munharaunda satellites waZeusi (naVaCallisto uye Europa), pose apo zvichipomerwa anovanza dzidzo yakafanana.

Chero nzira, pakudzidza Lake Vostok uye yose Antarctica rose mberi. Zuva nezuva, masayendisiti kushanda utsinye ezvinhu enyika kondinendi nechando pamusoro Kuziviswa zvayo zvakavanzika. Nepo yavo yakawanda. Unogona kunyange kutaura kuti mibvunzo zvekungofungira uye tiwane ngano chokuita makondinendi nhanhatu, yava kupfuura vakanga vasati kuwanikwa Antarctica. Tinovimba kuti irrepressible pfungwa dzevanhu anokwanisa kuwana tsanangudzo kweinenge chikamu Puzzles akauya kwaari pachisikirwo.