Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich: pfupi Biography. The kunozivikanwa Soviet murwi mutyairi wendege

June rorusere kure uye zvinovhiringidza nemapfumbamwe nemakumi maviri, ari kari Obrazheevke - Hlukhiv musha muRuwa Chernigov dunhu - akazivisa kuchema achangozvarwa. Boy ainzi Vanya (Ivan). Emakore, uye hurumende inonzi Union of Soviet Socialist Republics havazowani munhu asingazive kupi uye rini akaberekwa mutyairi Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Brief Biography zvevanhu zviri Second World War uye Guru Patriotic Hondo ine chokwadi uye katyamadza munhu anofarira nzira mhepo hondo ropa nyika kunetsana kuti chete zvakaitika XX remakore.

Mudenga, kumba

Panguva kumberi, Ivan Kozhedub haana kubva mazuva Great Patriotic War mangwanani, uye muna March 1943. Zvisinei, mufambisi vakakwanisa kuratidza ushingi hwakadaro, ushingi, neunyanzvi hondo yava katatu Hero of Soviet Union. Kunyange munguva yorugare, nyika dzinoongororwa zvemashoko mutyairi chinzvimbo "Air Marshal" (1985).

Kozhedub IN Iye akarwa muvengi sezvo chikamu sungano mauto. Inonyatsobudirira WWII mutyairi akamhanyira kuita kurwisana mishoni 366 nguva, akakurira 120 mhepo hondo, yaipotsa 62 ndege Nazi.

Ac yakarova nangananga vachishandisa nounyanzvi zvishoma zvikanganiso muvengi. Fall chaizvo kupinda chinangwa chero nzvimbo ndege. Kozhedub muchina uyu nyaya yakanga invulnerable: kunyange zvakakomba kukuvadzwa, yakanga nguva dzose "riri bapiro". Kurwisa shamwari akati kwaari: "Kutaura kudenga, kumba."

Two misi yokuzvarwa

Indomitable hunhu Ivana Kozheduba, kukwanisa kwake kuwana nzira yokubuda chero mamiriro ezvinhu akanga waradzikwa muduku. Mumhuri, kukudziridza nyika, akakura vana vashanu. Baba (aimbova wadheni) wakabudisa vana vakaraira, dzakabatwa sakaramendi kushanda mangwanani.

Nechekare muna-gore 5 Vanya akwegura ndakafamba usiku kurinda mubindu. Musoro wemhuri vaiziva kudzivirira rubatsiro wakadai, asi akatenda kuti miedzo yakadaro kusimbisa hunhu, dzidza kukunda matambudziko. Gare gare, mukomana akabatsira kuongorora vafudzi boka vakura (akanga underherdsman). Basa haana kutya, akafunga: mugwagwa nokufamba.

Muna 1934, mukomana ane makore 14 okuberekwa apedza kudzidzisa pachikoro kumaruwa. Makore maviri ruzivo vakadzidza panguva rabfak (vashandi fakaroti kugadzirira vashandi uye vanhuwo zvavo kuti kudzidza kuchikoro). Muna 1936 iye wakapfuura mukova nemiedzo iri College Chemical Technology (Shostka).

Chinokosha: kupinda kukoreji, zera mwana vakawedzera vaviri makore. Pane uchapupu hwokuti Kozhedub IN haana kuberekwa June 8, 1920, uye July 6, 1922 Muna 1939, mufambisi wengarava ramangwana akatanga zvidzidzo vake Shostka ichibhururuka kirabhu. Inoziva multipurpose biplane U-2.

Frontline denga

Kurovedza Complete muna Kozhedub College haana mukana - kumavambo 1940, yemberi makemikari injiniya yaiva Red Army (vemauto Vashandi 'uye Varimi' Red Army). Fate akamutumira yakasiyana nzira: kuti kuwa ramakumi mana Ivan Nikitivich akagamuchira "goko" (dhipuroma) Chuguev Military Aviation Pilot School (March 1941 Chikoro vezvikepe). Sezvo mudzidzi yakanakisisa akasiyiwa ari chikoro sezvo murayiridzi mutyairi, achidzidzisa beginners.

Asi panguva mberi, zvakare, vaida zvakadaro varwi zvinokosha kufanana Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich. Brief Biography rinoti muna 1943 akatumirwa kuna 302 fung Fighter Division, kuti Voronezh Front. Saka akatanga basa rake muchiuto chidhori akawanda Zvizvarwa vagere USSR uye Russian Federation.

In kurwa ndege yake yokutanga La-5 payakarovera - kubva "Messer" German, asi panguva imwe chete - kubva Soviet Gunners Anti ndege, kutungamirira kurwa. Zvisinei Kozhedub akakwanisa kunyika ukama ndege. Zvaiita kuti kutiza basa iri pamusoro, haisati yambotanga. Asi mukuru chehondo akatsigira freshman, akamupa mukana wokuratidza pachavo vari nekutambira hondo pamwe muvengi.

July, 1943

Ndege The Nazi yokutanga kupfurwa pasi Kozhedub akava U-87 ( "Junkers"). Real akatora wechitanhatu muna July 1943 panguva kunotyisa hondo panguva Kursk. On July 7 nokuda Ivan akanga akanyorwa nomumwe "Junkers" uye mazuva maviri gare gare - 2 Bf-109 murwi (Messerschmitt Bf.109, kana Me-109).

Military venhoroondo voga uye hunonyatsodonongodza zvina zvinokosha umhare chiito inoita Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Brief Biography nezvake zviitiko izvi zviri sezvinotevera. chiito chokutanga umhare wafambidzana ramakumi matatu September 1943 matsutso Nhasi vanoshandura ndege panguva kwerunyararo mauto eSoviet kuyambuka Dnieper, Ivan akasiyiwa zvachose kudzivirirwa (asina chokufuka yavo), asi kwete kutyiswa.

Pavakaona "Junkers", iye dived pamusoro multipurpose ndege yacho Luftwaffe, akaputsa kupinda muvengi chikwata. Runozununguswa kushinga ace Soviet, vaNazi akamisa kubhomba, vachifamba achizvidzivirira. Ini ndiri kuverenga pamusoro kuti Ivan Kozhedub, mumwe Feat rakamwisa kare. Kushandisa chokwadi kuti mumwe yeJudhiya-87 vakatama kubva boka chose aiodza mwoyo mupikisi.

October 1943

October Third 1943 mapfumbamwe chete-injini murwi La-5 (kusanganisira ndege Kozhedub) akafukidza nzvimbo reuto kushanda pamahombekombe ari Dnieper. The vezvikepe akaona makore mbiru "laptozhnikov" (a remadunhu- akapiwa Russian "Junkers-87").

Ose 9 muvengi Ndege akafukidza matanhatu varwi "Me-109." Zvaiita kuti vakazadza zvose kudenga. Pasinei nokuti mauto akanga dzisakarurama, Ivan Nikitivich chivindi akatungamirira shanu La-5. The muvengi haana kutarisira miserly huwandu Soviet ndege achagona zvakakomba kunangana zvavo pamawere armáda, asi miscalculated.

Maminitsi mashomanana pashure kurwisa kwacho kwakatanga, pasi yakadhirika maviri chete "Junkers". Zvimwe ndege pfumbamwe rokutanga pakarepo akapa "neizvi". Chinguvana pashure vakadzokera shure uye 2nd mapfumbamwe Ju-87. vezvikepe Soviet vakakunda kwete simba, uye unyanzvi unmatched ushingi, kurasira.

Mhando "kutiza" motokari wakakwidzwa uye akafunga kuita chinhu Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Brief Biography ake akanyorwa kuti akaisa "mafuta pfungwa" mukurwisa yevaNazi svetuka Ndege.

February, 1945

The mwedzi wechipiri yechando muna 1945 aizivikanwa hondo pamusoro Oder. How kusiyanisa zviri Vistula-Oder oparesheni Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich? Brief Biography of gamba uye rine mashoko akadaro. Mumatenga pamusoro Oder mutyairi rimwe yokutanga munhoroondo nyika vakaburusa Newest ndege "ME-262". Pamberi pake kuhwina motokari Luftwaffe Newest zvakagadzirwa vasingagoni kuva munhu.

Zvino sezvizvi. February nemipfumbamwe Kozhedub nemumwe wake Dmitry Titorenko, pana ane kukwira makiromita matatu yatakanga ndege. Akabhururuka ari kumhanya kunyange itsva "La 7" muganhu (pakupera 1944 Kozhedub akava mutevedzeri. Mukuru 176 fung Guards. IAP, izvo mune mwedzi zvakanyanyisa kwezhizha yaiva murwi, "La 7", michina akawanda azvino zvakagadzirwa ).

Kozhedub akaona kuti ace German ndagadzikana, nekuti motokari yake inobhururuka "kudarika chiedza" uye nzvimbo pasi kunogona ikasadzorwa. mutyairi wendege Soviet vakasangana motokari muvengi pamusoro kunorwisana, ake La-7 murwi akapfura bottom kodzero "German" "mudumbu".

Titarenko akabva atanga vachiridzira zvakare nokukurumidza, asi kurwisa yake achamanikidzwa muvengi kutsauka kwenguva "nyarara" Kozhedub kuti vakatsunga rinokunda mugumisiro. Kana daro ipfupi kune vaifanira zvichibvira, Ivan akazarura moto, nokupwanya reactive "chishamiso."

April 1945

Mumwedzi kwematsutso kuhwina Ivana Kozheduba rechipiri vakasarudza "tyisa" mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany - vokuAmerica. Vakanyangira mutyairi wendege Kozhedub, akadzivirira American «B-17», otpugnuv naye varwi vaviri German. Asi vanenge pakarepo atambura mukurwisa simba kubva kure. Ndiani akapfura - hazvina kujeka pakupisa muhondo. Zvisinei, vaviri zvinowanikwa zvinosanganisira ndege zvakanangwa zvinopwanya reSoviet velha!

Kuumbiridzwa, Ivan Nikitivich, akaenda mumwe divi uye vakagogodza naye. Chimwe asakura (Kozhedub aiita kuyangarara mudenga), bara - akawira pasi mapapiro Anouraya wechipiri. Somugumisiro, akakunda akava US Air Force, "Mustangs." Vatsigiri akatsanangura zvavo anonyengera kuita kuti "kukanganisa yauya."

Kutaura zvazviri, vatsigiri pakurwisa Nazism akasarudza kuongorora Kozhedub asingakundiki "simba." Zvino havana mwoyo Ivan Kozhedub Kupona Feat kunyange chinhu chisingatombotarisirwi mamiriro ezvinhu anogona sechinoitika imwezve kusimbisa chokwadi kuti ndiye chaiye gamba.

afterword

Saka sei ndege zhinji akapfura pasi Kozhedub? Pamwe "Mustang" vatsigiri - 64. Kozhedub IN akanga paakavapa yakakwirira inokudza chizvarwa Hurumende: kusanganisira Order of Lenin (4), Red Flag (7), Red (2) Star, Alexander Nevsky, Hondo Yenyika I sandara, nezvimwewo, uyewo dzimwe mirairo .. akafa IN Kozhedub wechisere August 1991. Kuvigwa nzvimbo - Moscow, ari Novodevichy kumakuva.