Kundera, Milan (Milan Kundera). Kundera Milan "The zvisingatsungiririki nenyama Yokubata"

Kundera, Milan - akakurumbira Czech munyori. Akatanga basa rake nhetembo, ipapo akawana kudana kwake prose.

Early basa

Kundera akaberekwa muCzech muguta muBrno. baba vake aiva Rector ari kuyunivhesiti uye nyanzvi yakanaka mumhanzi. Chikoro munyori nezveramangwana kudzidza muna 1948. Paaiita zvidzidzo zvake, akanyora nhetembo, vakaedza mudanga. Asi, oddly zvakakwana, pashure pacho akapinda rorusununguko Philosophy, kwaakanga kushanda musicology. Pashure pokudzidza gore rimwe, achinjira weDhipatimendi mafirimu, apo zvadaro aishanda uye Kundera. Milan agara anazvo rinorema uye kunzwisisa ukama zvematongerwo enyika. Somudzidzisi wedhipatimendi uye nhengo wedzero mapuranga endangariro maviri chaiko, akanga adzingwa Communist Party pakati individualistic mafungiro uye Anti-party mabasa. Asi akanga nokukurumidza ndokudzorerwa.

Basa rokutanga kubudiswa akazviratidza muna 1953. Fame anouya kwaari pashure pakabudiswa dzakaunganidzwa nhetembo. Panguva iyoyo, Milan Kundera, ane mabhuku zvishoma kuwedzera kukurumbira, izvozvo rinobatanidzwa zvikuru mumutambo uye essays. Kubudirira uku kwakaunza dzakaunganidzwa nyaya pfupi "Funny Love".

nganonyorwa munyori wokutanga

Enyika maonero ari munyori kunooneka ake yokufungidzira yokutanga "chinosekesa". Milan Kundera anomuudza pamusoro Stalinism, nehasha vakatsoropodza chiitiko ichi. Nokuti 1967 bhuku chaiva kukamura uchishandisa. The nganonyorwa rakashandurirwa mumitauro yakawanda, uye pakarepo akava akakurumbira. Uine incredible Kupenya Kundera Milan inotiudza nokurwadziwa kwevanhu rakavhenganiswa nokutuka zvematongerwo enyika. Organically rakarukwa chinokosha pamusoro itsva dingindira majee uye nemitambo. Lyudovik Yan - kuti yokufungidzira - murombo chinosekesa, aitamba nayo kunochinja upenyu. Kundera anounza nyaya yake nomusoro. Bhuku anotarira runako richiita uye ndachena musoro, asi zviri chaizvo kugwinya.

Kundera, Milan: "The zvisingatsungiririki nenyama Rekuzvarwa"

Kusimba yakadzika kugutsikana Kundera kuti yokufungidzira. Pamwe ndiwo zvikuru nevanhu uye airemekedzwa zvikuru bhuku munyori. Mairi, anoedza kuita pfungwa rusununguko kwouzivi womunhu, mufaro wake. The munyori zvakare anotora mufananidzo chakachinja munhoroondo yokuedza maererano nenjodzi tsika ukama zvevanhuwo zvavo. Vamwe vaverengi vane kunaka maonero basa iri; zvinondiremera shoma chiito. The nganonyorwa izere fabrications nemunyori, pfungwa dzake uye digression. Zvisinei, ichi ndipo unokwezva zvibereko. Munguva yokufungidzira, asi storylines maviri. The inotaura yokutanga pamwe nhamo Theresa uye Thomas, uye wechipiri - Sabina uye Franz. Vanorarama, sezvo zvichiita sokuti pakutanga tingaona inonyanya upenyu. Rudo, kuputsa, kuita mabasa ounyanzvi. Zvisinei, muna 1968 pane enyika zviitiko zvakadaro kuti achinje zvinhu zvose. Zvino, vachiri kurarama uye kunzwa takasununguka zvinogona chete kuva avo vanoda hurumende yeSoviet. Sezvazvakanyorwa zvinozivikanwa, muna 1968 muCzech guta vaifamba Matangi eSoviet. Yakatanga vakawanda ratidziro zviito umo aiitawo Kundera. Milan nokuti chakarambwa kodzero yokudzidzisa. A pfungwa yokushaya rusununguko, kumanikidza azara yokufungidzira munyori. The nganonyorwa iri mumitauro yakawanda uye paitwa firimu.

Zvinoitwa nevamwe enganonyorwa

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa enganonyorwa kuti akanyora Milan Kundera - "The Chisarai Waltz". Zvinokwanisika govera vatambi huru nomwe. Ava vanhuwo varume nevakadzi, pachava zvose zvinozoitika muupenyu hwavo - kujeka. Rakanyorwa vamwe sanzwisisika masvomhu mixes uye mixes vatambi, zvishoma nezvishoma achidzikisa kuti mumwe nomumwe. The nganonyorwa izere chido, chivande, manzwiro. Inogona sokuva mupfungwa itsva ine Kumubata tsotsi (the mutikitivha) Genre uye mutambo.

rezvedzidzo prose Paaidzidzisa - a yokufungidzira kuti akasika Milan Kundera - "Kusafa" (1990). Bhuku rino iri kuvakwa sezvo necheni shamwari kuti yakabuda pashure chete nhengo yomuviri heroine. Zviya, ichi ndicho yokufungidzira yakanyorwa Kundera mumutauro muCzech. In French vakanga akanyorwa enganonyorwa akadai "kunonoka", "nderechokwadi". The nganonyorwa "kunonoka" riri kubatana nyaya, izvo zvakaoma kuwana chimwe dingindira (kubva pane zvakawanda kudaro). A nganonyorwa sei vanhu vanowanzofunga kusvika chimwe chinhu, pasina achiziva kuti chete pakutsvaka wakazadzwa pakati chinangwa, asi kwete mugumo pachawo. Pane maari kuzivikanwa motifs nyota kuongorora. "Nderechokwadi" Roman rinovhura muverengi kusingaperi inovhiringidza pfungwa uye fancies, apo zvakaoma kunzwisisa chii chaizvoizvo chiri zvekufungidzira uye ndezvipi zvechokwadi. basa iri inogadziridza yemisoro ushamwari, ndangariro, ndangariro.

Humwe upenyu munyori

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mushure basa of Czechoslovakia nemauto eSoviet Kundera akanga kunyimwa pambiru payunivhesiti. Akaramba kushanda enganonyorwa ake, asi hapana basa rake harina rakabudiswa. Constant zvokuongorora kushungurudzwa vakamumanikidza kuti kusiya nyika. Kunyange pashure pemakore akawanda kudaro munyori anosangana zvimwe kusavimba yeRussian (saka anoti Kundera). Milan anoenda France. Ari kugara ikoko kubva 1975. Muna 1981 akava mugari izere nyika ino. Kwenguva refu anonyora enganonyorwa ake mumutauro wadzo, uye essays uye nyaya - muna French. Mubvunzurudzo pamwe Kundera akati kuti, mukusiyana kune vamwe vanyori - Exiles - haana kunzwa kuparadzaniswa wadzo ivhu, saka kuita panguva simba zvizere.

Kundera Milan pamusoro mabhuku

Kufanana nomunyori ose, Milan Kundera ndiyo kuchitsigira kukuchidzira mabhuku. Maererano nomunyori, chihombe simba akanga ari mabasa vatenzi makuru mashoko akadai Fransua Rable uye Rumbidzai Didro. In mabasa vanyori izvi Kundera dzinokwezva mutambo, ndyaringo, "rusununguko, ikava yokufungidzira." Ichokwadi, hazvina kuzeza Kundera uye compatriot ake - Frantsa Kafku. It zvakakodzera anodana chiratidzo yaitonga. Kushaikwa nokutenda mberi, dzimwe mwoyo, kuti illusory hunhu kuvandudzwa munharaunda, ndyaringo - ndizvo fascinates enganonyorwa Kundera kwakaita Kafka.

In mabhuku Russian, munyori kunyanya anosimbisa okugadzira zvinhu zviri LN NdiTolstoy. Maererano naye, NdiTolstoy akabudirira nani pane vamwe vanyori kuti andobata modernity, kuona chaiyo. The hakubatsiri NdiTolstoy - pakasikwa munhu womukati kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura. Milan Kundera anotenda kuti NdiTolstoy aiva akatangira chaiko "parukova pfungwa", yakatanga mberi nemabasa Joyce nevamwe vanyori-modernists uye postmodernists.

Famous Mashoko munyori

Vabayiwa kwouzivi njere munyori yokufungidzira zvinogona sezvariri "richivezwa" kuti mazwi. Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvinotaurwa munyori, haana kuiswawo mumabasa ake.

"Ndinovenga kubatanidzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika, kunyange zvazvo zvematongerwo enyika fascinates ini somunhu firimu, chiseko." Mazwi aya kwakaitwa munyori pamusoro sarudzo muFrance uye pamusoro kwake kubva munyika. Chokwadi, nokuti Kundera wokuti - tsaona kuona.

"Life, kana iwe haugoni kuvanda kubva pameso nevamwe - ichi hero." In mashoko ichi vakaisa zvose: uye mafungiro ake akananga pevatongi mamiriro, uye mafungiro ake kukudzwa. Milan akamboti kuti aida kuva asingaoneki. Munyori haana aina panze, uye havana zivisai upenyu hwangu pachangu.

"Humanism nzanga Kwechokwadi kunooneka pacharo mafungiro ake kusvika vakwegura." Maererano nomunyori, hazvina zvakakodzera kutonga vanhu chete kuburikidza ukama kwayo vana. Handiti wechokwadi ramangwana murume - ari kuchembera.