Kushanda kwaMaria Pickford: biography nemifananidzo

Zvichida, hapana nyanzvi yemufananidzo we subsonic cinema yakanga yakakurumbira saPykford Mary. Uyu mutambi wemitambo uye cinema, mukadzi webhizimisi wokutanga weHollywood, muvambi wevakasarudzwa vakawanda vevanyori nezvimwe zvakadaro, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Zvakaoma kutaura kuti chii chakanga chiri mukurumbira wake kunoshamisa. Runako, tarenda uye upfumi hazvijairika munyika yekwavo. Asi kubatana kwakasiyana kwezvinhu izvi kwakaita kuti Mary Pickford mubhenekeri we cinema wakanyarara uye chiratidzo chenguva.

Biography

Nyeredzi yeramangwana yekamera yakaberekwa muna 1892 mumhuri yevagari veIrish. Zita rake chairo raiva Gladys Mary Louise Smith, pseudonym "Mary Pickford" yakaonekwa zvikuru gare gare. Musikana uyu haasi iye oga mwana - mushure mekunge aberekwa hanzvadzi yake Lottie, uye mushure mokuzvarwa kwaHama Jack. Baba vomusikana wemusasa havana kumbogara kwenguva refu mubasa rimwe chete, uye vana kubva pazera remakore vachiri kufamba vachienda kune imwe nzvimbo vachienda kune imwe nzvimbo vachitsvaga guta risina mari kuti vararame. Baba vakanga vasingagoni kutsigira mhuri yavo uye munguva pfupi vakasiya mudzimai wavo nevana vaduku mumaoko ake. Charlotte akatamira kuToronto ndokuzviti aive chirikadzi - saka akaremekedzwa mukadzi ane vana vatatu zvaive nyore kuwana basa.

Kuti vawane zvigaro, amai vacho vaifanira kupa vasikana vavo kumitambo, kwavaiita mitambo mishoma mumitambo yakasiyana-siyana yevana. Apo Jack akakura, mhuri yakashamwaridzana yakazvizivisa kuva ikambani yematambo, asi mutariri mukuru wemhuri akanga achiri Maria.

Ukama naamai

Rwendo rwechigarire uye hupenyu hwakaoma haruna kupa Gladys Smith mukana wekuwana dzidzo. Muzvikoro, akadzidza kwemwedzi miviri gore chete, mukuverenga nekunyora kukuru akadzidziswa naamai vake. Neye, Maria aiva nehukama hwakakosha, hwakatendwa, uyo mukana wechitema aikosha zvikuru.

Mutambi weChishanu

Mumazuva iwayo melodramas yemhuri uye nhau dzevana vaduku dzakabudirira kubudirira pakati pevatarisi vematunhu ematunhu. Mutambo we "Silver King" wakanga uri wekushanda, kwete gore rokutanga rakaonekwa pachigamba. Asi mutambi wemakore manomwe, uyo aive nebasa guru maari, akaita kuti dutu rekushingaira pakati pevateereri. Yakanga iri iyo iyo talenta yematambo yakaratidzwa pachena. Gare gare paiva nemabasa mu "Uncle Tom's Cabin" uye mu "East Lynn". Maria akacherechedza uye akakokwa nguva dzose kune imwe nyanzvi yeboka.

Kufamba muAmerica

Iyo yekutanga yehutano inyanzvi yezvidzidzo, muiti wekambani akagamuchira muvhini van Valantine Company. Kunotyisa hupenyu muchitonhora, ngoro dzisina kugadziriswa, kusava nekusingaperi kwemari, kufamba nguva dzose kunoparadza hupenyu uye mutambi mukuru. Asi Mary Pickford yaiva chiitiko. Akadzidzisa mabasa matsva, akatsvaka zvakanaka kubva kune vateereri uye akadzidza, akadzidza, akadzidza.

Nhanho yakashata

Maria akashanda mumapoka akawanda uye akafamba-famba munyika yose achitsvaga mari shoma uye mazhinji mahombekombe. Mumakore ekupedzisira muna 1907, akagamuchira chibvumirano chechigarire kubva kumugadziri David Belasco ane mubhadharo we $ 25 pavhiki. Pakusimbirira kwemuti, akachinja zita rake ndokuzozivikanwa saMaria Pickford. December 3 waiva chikwata chake pa Broadway.

Zvakare pasina kushanda

Mhuri inotamba "Warren kubva kuVirginia" yakaratidzwa ka308. Asi mushure mokushanda kweBelasco haana kudzorera chibvumirano naMaria. Chido chekutsigira mhuri inodiwa chakamanikidza muiti wechitema kuti ave nechiito chakakomba-akaenda nemukadzi kuNew York kuzotsvaka ruzivo rwayo mumitambo. Nezvo zvose zvokwadi nemakororo, akaita kuti aende kuburikidza nehuwandu hwevanyori, mazano nevatungamiriri vemazamu uye akawana chokwadi chokuti iye akakurumbira David Griffith akamugadza samples. Kuti aratidze unyanzvi hwake hwekuita, Mary akasarudza mutevedzeri wemukomana muduku uyo anokumbira mupurisa kuti arege kumusunga. Basa remupurisa mutemo uyu rakaitwa nechigaro.

Dzoka mu cinema

Griffith akafadzwa zvikuru nemutambo wemuiteereri kuti akaita chibvumirano naye kwemavhiki evhiki yemadhora gumi nevhiki, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji akabhadhara zvishoma kusvika kutanga vatambi. Sezvo mutungamiriri wemufirimu akazobvuma, haana kukwanisa kumuratidzira mutevedzeri "nekuda kwemaziso ake akanaka kwazvo."

Mumazuva iwayo, mabhuku maduku emitambo akafurwa kwemaawa akawanda, uye akapedza anenge maminitsi gumi nemaviri. Mufirimu wake wokutanga - "Lonely Villa" waiva nemaminitsi 8 chete. Pakanga pasina mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, kwakanga kusina kunyange mazita ane mazita evatambi. Asi vanhu vose vakayeuka mutambi wechiitiko - nekuda kwevateereri vakava musikana muduku ane zvidzitiro zvegoridhe, izvo zvaive zvisingabatsiri nemaitiro ekujekesa, asi nemaziso ake asinganzwisisiki.

Basa guru

Pashure penguva pfupi paakadzokera kunzvimbo, Mary Pickford akabatanidzwa mune firimu. Mutevedzeri A. Tsukor akamukoka kuti atambe basa guru mukuratidzwa kwefirimu yemutambo. Kubudirira kwekugadzirwa kwe "Tess kubva kunyika yezvinyanyiso" kwakanga kushamisa - mapepanhau akabvunza vataridzi kuti vagare muzvigaro mumatambo ekutanga kuti varege kubatana.

Saka Mary Pickford yakaitika mumitambo. Kushanda nemudziri uyu kwakabudirira zvikuru: mumakore mana ekupikisa mudzimai muduku akachinjwa kuva chifananidzo, icho chakanamatwa zvose zveAmerica. Rimwe remakambani ekutanga anonakidza panguva iyoyo raiva "Murombo Mudiki Akanyanya Kupfuma". Mary Pickford akaita basa guru mairi. Mutambi wacho akashandisa zvakakwana basa rake, achipa vateereri manzwiro ose emwanasikana wevabereki vakapfuma. Tape yekupedzisira yakamanikidza vazhinji kuti vafunge zvakare maonero avo kuvana.

Kubudirira kwepikicha pamwe nekubatana kwake kwakange kwakakura zvikuru zvokuti muitevedzeri akasarudza kuvaka yake studio yebhadharo yemari yakagamuchirwa. Vavatungamiri varo vaiva Douglas Fairbanks naCharlie Chaplin. Mapepanhau akamutumidza kuti "Pioneer Mary Pickford", nokuti akazova mukomana wekutanga wepasi pose ane studio yake. Maria akagoverawo basa guru kumabasa ehurumende - panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yenyika Yese yakagadzira zvigadziro zvekutenga zvisungo zvehondo, vakashanyira vakakuvadzwa, vakapa mari yakawanda kune rudo. Zvinoshamisa kuti panguva imwe chete akawana simba uye kuita mafirimu. Mafirimu pamwe chete naye akafamba-famba akafamba-famba nenyika uye akaita Maria wekutanga-nyanzvi nyeredzi mumunyararire cinema. Uye kushingaira kwekugarisana kwevanhu kunongorayira mimwe miviri mimwe mairi mura yake yekubwinya.

Saka mutambi wenyika Mary Pickford akachinja kuva mumwe wevakadzi vakakurumbira mune zvemakambani emagetsi. Kuzivikanwa kwake kwakakurudzirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akaroora mumwe wevarume veAmerica vakanakisisa.

Muchato unoshamisa

Douglas Fairbanks naMaria Pickford vakasangana pane imwe fesheni yeHollywood. Maria akanga aroorwa naOwen Moore, mutambi, uye Fairbanks vakanga varoora mudzimai wake Gladys kwemakore anopfuura gumi. Asi izvi hazvina kuvadzivisa kuti varege kuda mumwe nomumwe. Vose Mary naDouglas vakanyatsovanza manzwiro avo, asi pakupedzisira vakaputsa zvisungo zvekare uye vakaroorana.

Iheyday of glory

Makore makumi maviri ekutanga akawana Douglas naMaria Pickford pamusoro pekubwinya. Vakanga vanamatwa, ivo vakanga vari vatendi. Kuonekwa kwemaviri kunogona kuvhara kufamba kwemotokari mune rimwe guta. Kubwinya kwavo kwakapararira kure nemiganhu yenyika - shure kwezvose, cinema yakanyarara yaisaziva mimwe mitauro. Muna 1927, akauya nemurume wake kuSoviet Union, kwaanoita basa guru mufirimu "Kiss of Mary Pickford". 1927 - nguva yekucherechedza munharaunda yenyika yeChechi yeSoviet. MuTape, imwe nyanzvi yeAmerican star yakafuridzirwa pamwe nevatambi veSoviet Igor Ilyinsky naVera Malinovskaya. "Mary's Pickford's Kiss" inoratidzira iyo inotaurira kuti nyeredzi yenyika yakatsvoda musikana weSoviet chete Vasya Palkin. Mafuti akawanda akafuridzirwa muUkraine, uye shure kwaizvozvo vakanyatsogadzirira kuungana. "Bvunza Mary Pickford" yakatanga mubhadharo muna 1927, kopi yayo yakapiwa zvakakwana kumusikana.

Sound cinema

Nguva yerinema yakanaka yakatanga muAmerica mumakore ekuma20. Kuswedera pedyo nemhepo yakanyarara mumhepo Mary Pickford. Basa raiitwa mufirimu rakanga richiri nyore kwaari, asi chikonzero chekuderera mukududzirwa kwaiva nguva yemusikana. Mushure mezvose, akanga asiri musikana, asi vateereri vakanga vasingadi kumuona mumifananidzo yakawanda yevanhu vakuru. Rimwe remabasa ekutanga mumutambo we cinema ndiNorma mubhidhiyo "Coquette". Nokuda kwekatepi iyi, Mary Pickford akagamuchira Oscar, asi zvakadaro firimu haina kugamuchirwa nevateereri vane kufanana kwakafanana kwekare tapepi nekubatanidzwa kwebhizimisi rekutanga rebhizimisi reHollywood. Nenguva isipi, matambudziko akabatanidzwa - amai vemuteereri uyo akanga ari shamwari yake yepamusoro kwemakore mazhinji akafa, muWallbanks akaisvonaka akatanga kufamba, achiedza kuzvibata sehuduku hwake. Imba yaMaria Pickford yakawira pasi, uye masimba ekupfuurira mberi kwebasa rekurota akanga apera.

Chechitatu muchato

Mushure mekurambana Maria akanga asiri kwenguva refu. Akaroora mumwe waaifambidzana naye. Chosen Pikford - Jazz muimbi Buddy Rodzhgers - akanga ari muduku kudarika musikana uyu kwemakore gumi nemashanu. Buddy naMaria vakanga vari muenzaniso wakanaka kune vakaroorana veAmerica. Sezvo vakanga vasina vana vavo, vakagamuchira mukomana Ronald nemusikana uyu Roxanne. Imba iyi yakapedza makore anopfuura makumi mana uye yakaguma chete nekufa kwaBuddy kubva mukurwara kwemoyo.

Makore apfuura

Maria akapedza ukwegura hwake ari oga. Mukoma wake nehanzvadzi yake yakapfuura pamberi pake, vana vakwegura vakatanga kurarama hupenyu hwavo pachavo. Asi hurumende haina kukanganwa mupiro wemukadzi maduku kune cinema - pamutsetse wemazuva ake, muna 1976 akagamuchira rukudzo "Oscar" nokuda kwebasa rake rinokosha mumhizha refirimu. Pakupera kwehupenyu hwake akakumbira Canada - nyika yekumba kwake - kuti adzorere hukama hwake. Chikumbiro chake chakapiwa.

Muna 1979, pazera remakore 89, Mary Pickford, muridzi weAscars maviri, mutungamiri wekukudza nyika idzi mbiri, mudzimai muduku akawira murudo nenyika yose, akafa.