Kushanda zvakavamba kuchinja - kakawanda oscillation

Parameters ose oscillatory pezvakaitwa zvinozivikanwa pfungwa panyama - the amplitude uye nguva. Saka, pasi vibrations kuziva vakawanda mutemo nenguva dzirikure nokudzokorora muitiro kuchinja muviri kwazvo kumativi ayo kunoreva kukosha kana razero. Ngationei kufunga kuti mutemo uyu ane sinusoidal hunhu. Saka, kana mashandiro F (x) acho kunopiwa mhando F (x) = K * chivi (x), tine chete kudaro oscillating basa, izvo, rangarira, uye pasi, kumusoro uye pasi ...

Funga girafu pamusoro akati basa rimwe, pfungwa, chero ukoshi pamusoro Y akabatana runotaurwa y1, uye kutamira nenzira X akabatana, Y2 kuwana rinotevera pfungwa ine ukoshi y1. Zvino, kana X-akabatana, kubvira nguva v2, usanonoka penguva akaenzana T = (Y2 - y1), tinowana pfungwa v3 uye zvichava akaenzana y1 uye Y2. Maumbirwe girafu pakati pfungwa idzi chaiyo akadzokorora nekutambira zvikamu zvose anoenzanirana T. Nokudaro isu wawana parameter T nokuda muitiro yakarondedzerwa nzira F (x) = K * chivi (x), iro rine kunoshamisa pfuma kuti achinje mukati nharo X T zvinotungamirira nokuchinja mashandiro F (x) pamusoro yose-siyana ayo tsika. Nekuti zvachinja X-akabatana harina parinogumira munguva, mune mamwe mazwi, nhamba zvinogara T zvikuru zvizhinji, ipapo isu tine cyclical, kureva Ndinodzokorora, kuchinja basa. Kutenderera nguva T inonzi nguva oscillation uye akayera seconds. Asi zvakawanda kugamuchirwa zviri unyanzvi kushandisa kuyerwa Unit, unonzi oscillation kakawanda, runotaurwa add uye computes add = 1 / T, chikwata chinonzi Hertz (Hz). Frequency 1 Hz - ndiye oscillation imwe wechipiri.

Takapoteredzwa nyika "inoshamisa". Nokufamba - unonakidza, magetsi ari waya, vibration mashandiro, chiedza, mafungu emvura, vachishandisa kutenderera mapuraneti, uye ... regai ndikazviidza pakati, vibrations izvi. Vose vane zvakakwana kwakajairika miganhu kakawanda yavo, vanoti "zvakawanda kushanduka." Somuenzaniso, zviri oscillation kakawanda anzwike inzwi frequencies munhu - kubva 16 Hz kusvika 20 kHz (1 kHz = 1000 Hz), uye kuwanda nokurira frequencies colloquially iri kuwanda 100 - 4000 Hz. A yaizivikanwa chokwadi kuti havasi vanhu vose vanonzwa yose siyana mazwi - zhinji kare 12-15 kHz earshot. Nzira atsanangura ultrasonic vibrations 100, 200 kHz uye pamusoro. Details zvigadziriswe zvinogona-chinja zvikuru zvakawanda frequencies - uye kugoverana Hz uye makumi ezviuru kHz. Asi vakawanda zvakawanda remagetsi nemafungu - kubva migove uye kusvikira nezviuru mamiriyoni Hz. In ichi pose chakarondedzera chiedza namafungu nyika kwazvo duku, asi zvinonzwisiswa panoonekwa edu kuti nhengo wezvakaonekwa. Siyana oscillation kakawanda muna chakarondedzera chiedza mafungu anosarudza ruvara chiedza chinooneka - kubva tsvuku kuti pepuru.

Asi shure "mativi mumwe." Kakawanda, zviri nyore kushandisa zvishoma dzakachinjwa dzakabatana. artifice kwakadaro kunoita kuti husava zvakawanda zvokuimba uye vave zvakawanda anooneka. Uye ichi imhaka yokuti sinusoidal oscillation mashandiro rinoratidza mukana kushandisa variables mu vamapoka nokuyerwa pamakona - radians kana inegumi. Asi panguva imwe chete, dzemaitirwe ari "zvinokambaira" kugara 2p, iyo, pamwe kakawanda inowanikwa dzakawanda kwemasvomhu mashoko. Ipapo vakasarudza pave dzakachinjwa chairema kakawanda kuyerwa, uye akaitumidza zita "cyclic oscillation maitikiro." Musimboti chikwata ichi ndechokuti kwayo maitikiro akatsunga kuti nhamba oscillations panguva 2 * π mumasekonzi, i.e. 6,28 chik. Cyclic maitikiro rinowanikwa ne nzira ω = 2 * π * f. Kungova cyclic kakawanda kunoratidzwa ayo chikwata yakayerwa - radians por wechipiri.

Oscillating maitiro ane vachiri vamwe parameters kuti zvaizobatsira unhu hwake. Tora edu ekare zvakavamba kuchinja zvakanaka uye zvishoma yakatarwa, kuderedza kuti mumamiriro vibration kwacho - tick-tock, uite tock. Kuita izvi kamwe zvakakwana kuchirwisa uye ... ndasara ndoga. Chii tichaona? A zvakavamba kuchinja oscillates refu zvakakwana pasina chero mamwe kushanda simba, ayo oscillation maitikiro haachinji, uye amplitude zvinoderedza zvishoma, nokuti kukweshera mauto ari chaiko namano. nokufamba kwakadaro apo initializing mushure achapesana pakati zvakavamba kuchinja sangano, kana mumwe vibration gadziriro kunotemwa chete parameters, akadana pachake. Kana taifunga kuti panguva iyoyo kumbomira mauto vakaenzana zero, uye zviri nyore chaizvo - zvose mumaoko edu, akadaro zvakavamba kuchinja, inonzi akarongeka, vachagara oscillate nokusingaperi, uye oscillation nguva inogona dzaona kubva anozivikanwa, iyo atova munhu chaiwo, kuti nzira - C = 2 * π * √ l / g.

Kubva kuongorora zvinokwanisika kuti chinokosha mhedziso: kwomuzvarirwo kakawanda oscillation pakati zvakavamba kuchinja chete pakutsvaga dzomunyika parameters wegadziriro - uye pamwero mukuru kumhanyisa kwenyika giravhiti neshinda pakureba.