Kuti nokure mutemo private rinoshanda? Private mutemo dzakawanda

Mamiriro ano vane zvavo vezvemutemo gadziriro, izvo chaizvo akafanana mumwe, kunyange vane guru nevamwe zvinhu. Munguva paumbwe pamutemo ezvinhu vakasikwa aivapo indasitiri yepamutemo chokuita siyana evanhu ukama. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti panguva paumbwe dzimwe maindasitiri vakamborara nechivako yavo, Implementation nzira, uye vakava misimboti munzanga ukama hwavo pachavo. Zvichienderana panyaya uye nyaya dzose pamutemo indasitiri vakanga vakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri, rimwe nerimwe riri chinokosha mumatare hurongwa. Rimwe boka yaiva nzvimbo mutemo vedare pamutemo noukama chokuita zvakananga Kupinda ari mamiriro mukutarisana simba. Rimwe boka ine maindasitiri chokuita ukama pakati vanhu pasina hurumende kupindira. Ndizvo hwemazuva akagadzirwa sectors, kunzi mutemo private ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Pfungwa mutemo private

Vakawanda funga mutemo private chete kwemauto yevagari ukama pamutemo kuti iri chinhu chakaipa, kana chete nokuti zvakanaka nomumwe ari chivako. Maererano nesayenzi pfungwa yakatanga panguva, mutemo private - zviri chikamu chipi pamutemo hurongwa, nemhaka iyo anoita hukama pakati vanhu. Saka, mutemo private ndiyo kwegadziriro zvimwe dzemunharaunda (yakavakirwa maindasitiri), izvo kudzivirira zvido imwe munhu mukufamba nekuita wayo nevamwe vanhu. Akapa pfungwa mutemo private zvinoita kuti pfungwa inokosha inoti - vanhu mubereko hauna zvaisanganisira muukama mumatare aya.

mutemo Family, iyo inozivikanwa nokuda yavaive mutemo private

Kare, hazvisi zvose mamiriro private mutemo inomira somusoro maatomu akafanana. Izvi zvakajeka kupfuura chinogona kuoneka muenzaniso-Saxon kunyika, uye mhuri pamutemo Muslim. Political dzidziso ehurumende rinoti zvachose chero chikamu kodzero hwatenderwa mamiriro, kana akavasika. Saka, kunyange private nemauto anofanira kupinda nevoruzhinji mubereko. Asi muna Romano-weGermany mhuri yepamutemo zvakasiyana zvachose nzira. Pano nokure mutemo private unoshandawo ipi ukama pakati vanhu, izvo inounganidzwa rose indasitiri, izvo hwezvekukurukurirana zvikuru hwokuita mabasa magweta.

History of Private Mutemo - kubva Ancient Rome kusvikira nhasi

Sezvatakamboreva, kusvikira nokure mutemo private unoshandawo zvinhu zvakadai zvido zvevanhu, masangano. Nyaya iyi kwave akaumba munguva Rome yekare. Tit Livy mumabasa ake akataura kuti huru kunobva mutemo weRoma, paMitemo yose matafura 12, zvakawanda mitemo zvose paruzhinji uye pasiri mutemo. Saka, kunyange mumazuva iwayo magweta vaiita bazi mutemo mumapoka makuru maviri. Division hwaro vakaisa Ulpianus. Maererano naye, zvose zviri kubatsira hurumende, ari pachena kodzero. Zvinoreva kuti zvido private vanhu zvakafanira kureva mutemo voga. wakaenzana maoko pakati pavo - rinokosha musimboti wenyika yose mutemo private akaiswa kuburikidza mabasa nyanzvi Roman. Tichitarisa zvose pamusoro features, kukura kwebasa mutemo private zvinoshanda mubereko vanhu, zvachose kuenzana mumwe mune kodzero dzavo uye mabasa. Kunyange akasimba zvakasimbisa kukura kodzero iyi yakapiwa kuna Renaissance, uye ipapo ari XX remakore.

Zviratidzo Private Law

Kune vakawanda dzesayenzi dzidziso pamusoro zvinhu zvakanaka zvaizobatsira mutemo private. Nhasi tinogona kuona nhamba "Classic" vakawanda:

1. mutemo Private - a regulator ukama oga vanhu.

2. Anopa munhu Implementation, kunyanya private zvido: zvichadaro, zvoupfumi rusununguko, kuenzana vemapato.

3. Kuwanda contractual siyana vasinganyatsooni kodzero dzavo.

4. Muzviitiko, anovimbisa yokudzivirirwa vakakanganisa kodzero, akadai matare.

5. The hwakapararira adaro mitemo.

6. akachengetedzwa chekare pamutemo unyanzvi Zvizere.

private mutemo hurongwa

Today akasunungura akatevedzana yepamutemo mapazi kuti muri mutemo voga. Pfungwa yavaive zvose paruzhinji uye pasiri kwemauto ine yayo muitiro. Nemamwe mashoko, pane zvimwe zvinodiwa kuti "Kukoshesa" (kufarira nzira, nyaya uye zvinhu). Saka, pane zvinotevera matavi mutemo private:

1. Mhuri.

2. Civil.

3. Labor.

4. Private International Law.

5. Civil Maitiro Law.

6. Housing Law.

Nyika isingakuziviyi mira, saka vanogona dzinounzwa mutsva indasitiri mutemo private, kwakavakirwa chichiitwa kukura evanhu ukama.

Method uye mitemo

Akapiwa nyaya private mutemo, chine evanhu ukama zvokunyama hunhu, vanofanira kupa nzira chaiye murau pamutemo. In mutemo private rikunde dispositive nzira. Chaizvoizvo charo kuti nyaya anekodzero vakazvimirira waidzora maitiro avo siyana mumatare ukama. Kuti anobvumirwa mitemo chete regulative (private kwemauto), izvo vanoti kukura kwebasa zvinogamuchirika maitiro. Private mutemo mureza-Kufananidzira matatu fomu. In mamiriro avo vane pfungwa, utsotsi uye zvirango. Vanotongwa mutemo private vanokamurwa muzvikwata zviviri - vanhu uye dzepamutemo masangano. Legal masangano vane rusununguko mukurusa mirau pamutemo uye zviri vehurumende murairo yekudyidzana hunobata basa indasitiri ino mubhizimisi.

International private mutemo zvekutepfenyura

Private mutemo remarudzi ari kutaridza dzakawanda mumatare dzemunharaunda mitemo, mirayiro, dzakawanda tsika, uyewo zvibvumirano dzakawanda uye tsika kuti zvakananga chengetedza vehurumende nyaya. The peculiarity mitemo iyi iri kuti vari kuoma ne yokumwe maatomu akafanana. Private International Law (hereinafter - MCHP) iripo nokuda Implementation uye kusimudzira private nemauto munyika nokugadzira zvakafanana zviri pamutemo pfungwa uye zvokufungidzira.

manyuko pireseri

manyuko mutemo private International inongogara Virtual uye vaisanganisa, uyewo kuumba chete zviri pamutemo kuumbwa yemirau dzakawanda uye nyika.

1. The hwaro Ushumiri Emergency Zvinozivikanwa vari zvikurukuru mirawu mutemo dzakawanda.

2. Vakawanda nemitemo mutemo private re siyana dzemarudzi zvibvumirano, akadai "Agreement musi Trade-Related Zvimwe Intellectual Property Rights (yenzendo)."

3. Zvakawanda private nemauto kodzero yokuumba mudzimai mitemo yevanhu States. Pamusoro Russian Federation, zvinotevera mabasa ndiwo: nemhuri, Civil Code uye mitemo yeUnited.

4. kuyananisa uye Litigation riri kugadzira rakakura chitange MPP.

Subject sezvamunoita MPP

Vanotongwa SPE kungava vanhu vanokwanisa kushandisa kodzero uye mitoro. Kune zvitatu marudzi inokosha masangano: vanhu, pamutemo masangano uye hurumende.

1. Natural vanhu vanobatanidzwa toga mumatare ukama maererano mhando mbiri: pamutemo chinzvimbo. Chokutanga chinhu tinoberekwa vose kubva pakuzvarwa. Musimboti zviri kuti munhu wose ane kodzero uye mitoro iyo hazvibviri kuramba. Vanokwanisa kuita - ndiko kugona kusangana mabasa ayo kuwana mabasa emurairo. Zviri izvi zviviri zvinodiwa zvaizobatsira munhu ave ubatanidzwe, nyaya private mutemo ukama uye MPP.

2. Legal vanhu vaibatanidzwa munyaya pamutemo ukama kuburikidza MPP vachikwanisa muchikwata, iyo rakakamurwa zvarwo uye chinokosha. Total anobvumira kuziva kodzero uye mabasa zvakafanana nevanhu. Panyaya inokosha zvemitemo, ipapo ayo kuvapo pamutemo masangano angava nhengo pamutemo ukama, ayo zvachose nokudzorwa mutemo uye inofanira kugadziriswa chete kuitira kuzadzisa mumwe chinangwa.

Munguva private nemauto kodzero upi ehurumende pamutemo masangano uye vanhu kutamba asangana rinokosha. Zvisinei, MPP vakawanda "uremu" yacho ndiyo hurumende.

Hurumende sezvo huru nyaya IPL

mutemo International anoita ukama pakati rinoti, inova musimboti vatambi. Rinotaura muna IPL angapinda vakawanda nevamwe States, masangano omunyika dzakawanda, ezvemitemo uye zviwanikwa vanhu. Panewo neizvi umo State unopinda ukama chepamutemo nevanhu. Pari, dzidziso MPP akatorwa kusiyanisa pakati mapoka maviri ukama pamutemo, umo hurumende rinobatanidzwa, anoti:

- The pamutemo ukama pakati States, masangano omunyika dzakawanda uye States.

- Legal ukama pakati hurumende rumwe rutivi, uye dzimwe dzinongoitika uye dzepamutemo vanhu panorumwe.

Unofanirawo kutaura zvinoumba mamiriro vatore chikamu muna SPE. About navo nguva dzose zvinofanira kuyeukwa, nokuti mamiriro hakuna akafanana naye chero sangano mutemo private.

1. Mamiriro inyaya inokosha. Hakusi repamutemo, sezvo ihwo anoita mamiriro mitemo yayo.

2. zvibvumirano apo imwe pati - mamiriro, National mitemo anechekuita okupedzisira kodzero.

3. kwema pamwe mamiriro, zvisinei zvayo political chinzvimbo anogara ngozi, nokuti ane uchangamire.

4. The State, sezvinoita pasi, uyewo mamwe masangano uye asina ropafadzo.

In mhedziso, unofanira kuwedzera kuti hurumende murau haagoni kuva mune wehurumende mutemo sechinhu peremptory mitemo. Kunyange zvakadaro, takaona kuti nokure mutemo private unoshandawo vanoverengeka pamutemo ukama pakati vanhu, izvo zvinofanira kudzorwa. Saka, kuduku "padzimwe" ari mamiriro zviri zvikuru zvinogamuchirika.