Life uye ugamba Aleksandra Nevskogo. 3 Feat Aleksandra Nevskogo

Muchinda Novgorod, mwanakomana Yaroslav Vsevolodovich akakunda chero muvengi muhondo, asi zvayaigona, achiratidza chaiwo kwesangano uye nedzenyu unyanzvi, kupa nzira muvengi akasimba kuponesa vanhu vake kubva kusingadiwi vanotambura.

Vakanga munhau Russian inguva apo usina zvakakwana uto rehondo kuti kumhanya akunde. Zvino vakachenjera vatongi vehondo, kunzwa izvozvo, haana mumhanye nomusoro panguva muvengi - vaiva nemwoyo murefu, vanhu vaponeswe simba ravo kuti pwanyai muvengi kuti chokwadi, apo kuramba dzakawanda mauto ayo.

Life uye ugamba Aleksandra Nevskogo

Grand Muchinda Novgorod mumwe vanhu vakanga vasina chete mwoyo zvichaitirwa vanhu vedu uye yamadzibaba, asi munzira dzakawanda ivo vakachinja, uyewo akasarudza yemberi mukufamba munhau kwemazana emakore anotevera.

Prince Alexander akaberekwa muna 1220 (mamwe manyuko vanoti 1221) muna Pereslavl Zalessky. baba vake - Pereyaslavl Prince Yaroslav. Mother - Theodosius, mwanasikana muduku Prince Mstislav.

Kubvira achiri muduku, Alexander chaibatanidzwa zviitiko enyika, izvo panguva iyoyo Vakakurukura hugota pamusoro Novgorod Guru. guta rino akawanda upenyu guru remauto mutungamiri, anofunga uye muzivi.

Novgorod kwavabati

Mukutanga January 1231, Alexander akava muchinda Novgorod yakarongwa ndima pamwe mukoma wake. Kutaura zvazviri, zvose simba rakanga mumaoko baba vake. Muna 1233, Hama Theodore akafa. Muna 1236-M Prince Yaroslav akatora akasunungurwa pakazotanga choushe Kiev. Kubvira Alexander-makore 16 akava oga mutongi Novgorod.

Kazhinji Unogona kunzwa mubvunzo: "Chii zvakapembererwa sei Alexander Nevsky?" Nhasi, isu vachakuudza nezvazvo. Asi kutanga ndinoda kuona kuti pakutanga kwake muna Novgorod ndiine nguva - wechiTatar nechisimba.

To Novgorod gurusvusvu Batu kwete ichipo, asi panguva ino vakaparadzwa guru guta Russian, vakauraya bravest machinda.

Uyezve, imwe ngozi zvikuru kuna Novgorod vaiva Knights German, mberi kubva kumavirazuva. Uye akatambudzika Alexander Sweden, panguva pakutanga XIII remakore vakatanga vanokanganisa munharaunda Russia.

Battle pamusoro Neva

Rondedzera zvakapembererwa zvombo Aleksandra Nevskogo kunokosha chaizvo pamwe hondo iyi, nokuti ndiye wokutanga kwakakomba muedzo muchinda muduku. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti iye wakapfuura pamwe kubhururuka mavara, apo kuratidza unhu kwete chete mutungamiriri kwakajeka muchiuto, asi munhu akachenjera mufananidzo enyika.

With duku boka racho, pasina vakamirira rubatsiro kubva baba vake nemamwe machinda, Alexander akaenda mumatende. Munzira, iye vabatana pamwe ladozhanami uye pakarepo (July 15) vakarwisa musasa Swedish. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, mauto eRussia akakunda yeSweden. Kana muvengi hombe nezvinhu rusichi akarasikirwa vanhu 20. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kurasikirwa wehondo Alexander zvishoma akaderera, asi panguva imwe chete kukosha Hondo pamusoro Neva pachena - pasinei Mongol joko, Russia akakwanisa kudzivirira nemiganhu yayo.

Unconditional kukunda kwaikosha chaizvo kuti muchinda makumi maviri. Akamuvigira mukurumbira zvikuru uye zita rinokudzwa - Nevsky.

Pashure chiitiko ichi, Alexander vakakavadzana Novgorod, uye nemhuri yake, mai vake uye "dare rake" vakasiya guta. Zvichida chikonzero kunetsana yakanga okumanikidza ake (kufanana nababa vake) ushe. Zvakakonzera kuti nemishonga yose boyars. Alexander akatamira Pereyaslavl, kwaakabereka muchinda.

Pasina mutongi Novgorod simba vasingagoni kukunda mumwe muvengi - Hondo Tsvene. Knights sungano Estonian ( "chudyu") akakunda Izborsk uye gare gare muPskov. Kwapera gore, mumaoko avo raiva guta nepuranga riri parwizi Luga. Yaroslav pamusoro Novgorod vakatanga kukumbira kuti atume kubatsira mwanakomana wake. Pakutanga, Grand Duke akatuma Novgorod mwanakomana muduku - Andrew, asi pashure akadzokorora zvikumbiro kubva vagari vakabvumirana kutumira Alexander. Dzezvakaitwa Aleksandra Nevskogo vaiva pamiromo vose, saka wakarovererwa tariro. Uye ndinofanira kutaura kuti akararama kwavari zvachose. Muna 1241 Novgorod gleefully akakwazisa muchinda muduku.

Muhondo vokuGermany

All pezvaiitwa Aleksandra Nevskogo muri zvikuru kukura Russian statehood. Kukunda vokuGermany - hakuna anosara.

Prince Alexander, vakasvika Novgorod, vakatanga kuita chisarudzo. Mugore iroro akakunda nhare chin'ai, iyo yakavakwa vokuGermany. Chikamu vavengi iye Ugare, vamwe kumusha uye vatengesi (Vozha River uye Estonians) akaturika.

Kwapera gore, pamwe Novgorod, Alexander naAndreya munun'una wake varwi vachifamba muPskov. The guta rakanga vakasunungurwa kubva nechisimba zvakarurama nyore. Chikamu German akaurayiwa, chikamu akatumira Novgorod sezvo muhondo.

Kuvakira nokubudirira, Russian nevarwi akatamira kuEstonia, asi ari kurwisana pakati Vanguard Alexander yokutanga vakakundwa. Masoja Russian vakadzokera shure.

April 5, 1242 pakava hondo pamusoro Lake Peipus, izvo munhoroondo rinonzi Battle pamusoro Ice. Estonians uye vokuGermany kutamira "nguruve" (achikanganisa), akatema Vanguard wokuRussia, asi pasina nguva dzakandipoteredza uye kuparadzwa.

Last Feat Aleksandra Nevskogo

Muna 1245 muguta Torzhok uye Bezhetsk vakatamira hondo Lithuanian rinotungamirirwa Mindaugas. Kana vanhu vanofarira upenyu guru Mutungamiriri, vakabvunza kuti: "Chii ichangobva Feat Aleksandra Nevskogo?" The Vatsvakurudzi mutoro, riri kukunda Lithuanians.

Chichisunungura Toropets, Prince Alexander akauraya gumi Machinda Lithuanians. Pashure paizvozvo, akaparadza Novgorod kumba nesimba kukupfura rake wakakwidzwa vakakunda zvachose nehondo Lithuanian pana Lake Zhiztsa. Kudzokera Novgorod, kukupfura yomuchinda vakakunda rimwe yokuzviparadzanisa pamusoro Lithuanians.

Kukupfura Alexander aiva akaoma simba. Kunyange kutaurwa nezvazvo vakatadzisa vavengi nokutya. 3 Feat Aleksandra Nevskogo, yaakaita ake varwi voumhare, asingagoni kusvika Batu. Pashure pokukundwa pakati Lithuanians Alexander "akashevedza" kuna Horde.

Relations pamwechete wechiTatar-eMongolia

Muna 1947, Andrew akatevera munun'una wake uye Alexander Nevsky, akaenda Batu, ari Horde. Hama vakadzokera chete muna 1249. Andrew akagamuchira kubva Khan yokudimbudzira kuti chigaro Vladimir uye Alexander - muKiev. Formal chinzvimbo makapiwa Alexander, akanga akakwirira. Asi Tatars akaparadza Kyiv kushanda vakarasikirwa kukosha kwayo muupenyu ehurumende. saka Alexander haana inogutswa nechisarudzo ichi. Haisi kugumira muKiev, akaenda Novgorod.

Policy Aleksandra Nevskogo kwemakore akawanda nekutsanangura zvinoreva hukama pakati Russia uye Horde, East uye West. Gare gare, chokuyananisira pamusoro Horde akaramba machinda Muscovite - vazukuru uye makuru-vazukuru Aleksandra Nevskogo. Kuti vakakwanisa pakupedzisira kudzorera simba Russia, uye pakupedzisira itangezve vanovengwa joko.

Wenyika Prince Alexander

Kutaura nezvemabasa dzezvakaitwa Aleksandra Nevskogo, haagoni kungoitirwa pamabasa ake zvechiuto. Akabudirira Wenyika, anokwanisa wemasaini inokosha chaizvo nehurumende zvibvumirano. Muna 1251 akakwanisa kusaina chibvumirano pakati Norway uye Novgorod pamusoro delimitation muganhu kukakavadzana uye yesosaiti mutero pamusoro nharaunda huru kuti yaigarwa vaSami uye Karelian. Muna 1260 akanga asaina basa vanofadza muLübeck, domsaga uye maguta German. Akaratidza kuva yakasimba chaizvo. Ivo akataura naye kunyange 1420.

The okupedzisira Alexander

Achidzokera muna 1263 kubva mumwe wechina rwendo kuenda Horde, Alexander akarwara. Gorodets, riri pamusoro Volga, vachifunga kuti mazuva ake vakaverengwa, muchinda akatora yemamongi mhiko yake, uye musi November 14 iye akanyangarika.

We akaudza iwe pamusoro guru hwomunhu, ane mupiro nhoroondo Russian wehurumende hazvigoni dzakanaka. Dzezvakaitwa Aleksandra Nevskogo, upenyu hwake, kukunda muhondo, uye zvemashoko ari Wenyika yakakodzera pakuyemura uye ruremekedzo.