Life uye Works of Turgenev. Mabasa Turgenev

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev akaberekerwa mumhuri dzakanaka muna 1818. Zvinofanira akati kuti kubva ezvinhu izvi vakauya anenge ose makuru vanyori Russian remakore rechi19. Munyaya ino tichakurukura kutarisa upenyu uye basa Turgenev.

vabereki

Zvinoshamisa kuziva vabereki Ivan. Muna 1815 Spassky akasvika muduku uye akanaka Guardsman Sergei Turgenev. Varvara Petrovna (emunyori mai), akaita simba pfungwa. Maererano pedyo kwezvakatipoteredza vomuzuva, Barbara akandiudza kuti vadarike shamwari Sergei, kuti akaita chakarongwa kupa, uye akabvumirana. Kazhinji kwakanga muchato zvimunakire. Turgenev vaiva kwamachinda uye aiva hondo gamba, uye Varvara Petrovna aiva mhanza guru.

Relations yamuchangobva akavamba mhuri vakanga vasingawirirani. Sergei haana angatoedza nharo mambo tenzikadzi vose zvavo inoti. The imba ine zvinokosha kuzvibvisa uye haawanzotauri kugumisa yakawiriranwa bundu. Chinhu bedzi akabvumirana Vakaroorana - achiedza kupa vana vavo dzidzo iri nani. Uye havana kuuraya nesimba kana mari iri.

Kutamira kuMoscow

Ndokusaka mhuri yakatamira kuMoscow muna 1927. Nepo vakuru vakapfuma kutumira vana vavo chete muzvikoro voga. Kuti muduku Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev akatumwa chikoro chebhodhingi panguva Armenian Institute, uye mwedzi mishoma gare gare akatamira Veydengammersky bhodhi. Makore maviri gare gare akanga adzingwa ikoko, uye vabereki haazorambi vakaita zvakawanda kuedza kuronga mwanakomana chero sangano. Kugadzirira yunivhesiti, munyori ramangwana akaramba pamba private Vaperekedzi.

Learning

Akapinda University of Moscow, Ivan akadzidza ikoko gore. Muna 1834 iye akamunzwira munin'ina wake uye baba kuna St. Petersburg uye hwakatamisirwa chikoro emo. The wechiduku Turgenev chikoro makore maviri gare gare. Asi munguva yemberi iri nguva dzose vangangotaura nezvokuparara University of Moscow, achimupa mukuru aanoda. Izvi imhaka yokuti St. Petersburg Institute yaizivikanwa inoomesera kutarisira vadzidzi nehurumende. MuMoscow, pakanga pasina kuzvidzora yakadaro, uye vadzidzi rusununguko-rudo vakaguta kwazvo.

mabasa ekutanga

Tinogona kutaura kuti basa Turgenev, rakatanga mazuva yunivhesiti. Kunyange zvazvo Ivan Sergeyevich haana kufanana kufunga mabhuku kuedza nguva. akaona 40s mavambo ake kunyora basa. Saka, vakawanda ake zvedzidzo nemabasa zvakanaka kwatiri uye havana kuwana kurwa. Kana taifunga kuti Turgenev vachimubvunza emhizha, akaita zvakarurama chinhu; mashoko anowanika mimwe mabasa ake kuti nguva ndezvaJehovha muchikwata che mabhuku kudzidzira basa. Kufarira vangava bedzi kare mabhuku uye vanoda kunzwisisa sei kutanga basa Turgenev, uye sei kuumba tarenda rake chaiko.

unokwezva nouzivi

Pakati pezana uye kunopera 30s, Ivan Sergeyevich akanyora zvakawanda nenzira isingaoneki achitovabatsira kunatsiridza unyanzvi hwokunyora. Pane imwe mabasa ake akagashira dzinonetsa uongororwe Belinsky. chiitiko ichi aiva simba guru basa Turgenev, muchidimbu zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino. Pashure pezvose, zvakanga kwete kuti mutsoropodzi kukuru aruramiswe zvikanganiso mano kuravidza "munyoro" munyori. Ivan Sergeyevich achinja maonero ake kwete unyanzvi, asi upenyu pachahwo. Kuburikidza pakuongorora uye pachisara akasarudza kudzidza chokwadi muna zvose guises ayo. Saka, kunze mabhuku zvinhu, Turgenev akafarirawo uzivi, zvokuti zvakakomba kuti pfungwa professorship iri dhipatimendi upi kuyunivhesiti. Chido kudhonza munda ichi ruzivo hwamuita kuti wechitatu pamusoro nhoroondo yunivhesiti - Berlin. With refu zvikamu, akagarapo kwemakore anenge maviri uye ari chaizvo zvakanaka kudzidza mabasa Hegel uye Feuerbach.

Kubudirira rokutanga

Mumakore 1838-1842 kubva okugadzira zvinhu Turgenev haana kusiyana dzezvinetso basa. Akanyora zvishoma, uye zvikurukuru mashoko chete. Iye akabudisa nhetembo havana kukwezva chero pfungwa vatsoropodzi kana vaverengi. Panyaya iyi, Ivan Sergeyevich akasarudza kupedza nguva yakawanda ari Genres dzakadai mutambo uye nhetembo. Kubudirira wokutanga mumunda uyu akauya kwaari April 1843, apo iye rakabudiswa "ichangogadzwa rawa chando." A mwedzi gare gare mu "Notes of Yababa" kwake laudatory ongororo Belinsky yakadhindwa.

Kutaura zvazviri, nhetembo iyi haisi yepakutanga. Zvinoshamisa zvakanga chete nemhaka dzosa Belinsky. Uye vakawanda wongororo vanoti hazvina zvakawanda nhetembo, sezvo netarenda Turgenev. Asi Belinsky zvakanaka, iye chete akaona ari muduku munyori kunoshamisa unyanzvi hwokunyora.

Paakaverenga kudzokorora Ivan Sergeyevich, yakakonzera iye hapana mufaro, asi kunyara. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nechokwadi pamusoro Kururama kusarudza ravo guru. Ivo vakawira munyori kubvira kumavambo 40s. Asi nyaya akamuvimbisa uye kumanikidzwa kurera yairova vavo mabasa. Kubvira ipapo, basa Turgenev, muchidimbu zvinorondedzerwa purogiramu chikoro, akawana mamwe anotikurudzira uye akakwira mugomo. Ivan Sergeyevich ainzwa sokuti kune vatsoropodzi, vaverengi uye, kupfuura zvose, pachavo. Saka vakashanda nesimba kuvandudza unyanzvi hwokunyora.

kusunga

Muna 1852 Gogol akafa. chiitiko ichi zvakakanganisa zvikuru upenyu uye basa Turgenev. Uye kwete mupfungwa zviitiko. Ivan S. akanyora chiitiko ari "inopisa" nyaya. Petersburg kusenza Committee zvinorambidzwa anodana "lackey" munyori Gogol vake. Ipapo Ivan S. Hamubvumirwi imwe nyaya muMoscow, apo zvinoitwa neshamwari dzake izvozvo yakadhindwa. Pakarepo vakagadza kuongorora nyaya yacho, panguva iyo akazivisa Turgenev uye shamwari dzake mhosva mamiriro yenyonganyonga. Ivan Sergeyevich akagamuchira mwedzi mujeri, zvichiteverwa vachiendeswa yokumusha kwake pasi pokudzora. Munhu wose akaziva kuti nyaya yakanga chete pokumuwanira, asi murayiro wakabva pamusoro. Zviya, panguva "ake kusunungurwa," munyori vakapinda wokufambisa rimwe nyaya yake yakanakisisa. Iye akashongedza akanyorwa pabutiro nerimwe bhuku, "Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev" Bezhin kumafuro. "

Mushure rusununguko, munyori ratapwa mumusha Spassky. Imomo akapedza kusvika hafu pagore. Pakutanga, hapana aigona kufuridzira naye kana kuvhima kana okugadzira zvinhu. Akanyora zvishomanana. Mumazuva iwayo tsamba Ivan Sergeyevich pazvakawanda zvichemo kusurukirwa uye kukumbira kwechinguvana kuuya kumushanyira. Akabvunza hama raanoziva kuti amuone, nokuti ndakanzwa simba vanofanira kukurukurirana. Asi paivawo zvinhu zvakanaka. Sezvo anotevedzana patafura okugadzira zvinhu Turgenev, yakanga panguva munyori pamuviri pfungwa kunyora "Vanababa uye Sons." Ngatitaurei pamusoro ichi rounyanzvi basa.

"Vanababa uye Sons"

Pashure racho muna 1862, bhuku iri akaita nharo zvikuru gakava umo vaverengi vazhinji vaimudana Turgenev reactionary. gakava iri nevanopikisana munyori. Aidavira kuti akanga asingachakwanisizve kuwana tinzwisisane pamwe majaya vaverengi. Uye chokwadi zvakanzi yakanyorerwa chigadzirwa. Kazhinji, nguva dzakaoma noruzivo okugadzira zvinhu Turgenev. "Vanababa uye Sons" vaiva chikonzero. Sezvo ari mangwanani kunyora basa, Ivan Sergeyevich akapokana yake rakapihwa.

Panguva ino akanyora yokufungidzira "mweya", rinopa pfungwa dzake uye kusava nechokwadi zvakakwana. Turgenev vakati mabhuku fungidziro riri simba pamberi zvakavanzika zvevanhu kuziva. Uye munyaya "Pretty" zvavo akabvunza zvibereko webasa wacho kubatsira vanhu. Pfungwa kwaiva Ivan Sergeyevich haachatyi hanya kubudirira kuruzhinji, uye iye achifunga kuguma emunyori basa. Change pfungwa dzako Turgenev akabatsira basa Pushkin. Ivan Sergeyevich kuverenga nharo Nyanduri guru mafungiro pamusoro kuruzhinji: "Hazvina dzose, vazhinji-madziro, uye riri pasi yefashoni. Asi nyanduri chechokwadi nguva dzose kutaura vateereri vako, wakapiwa naye mugumo. basa rake - achikuodza manzwiro akanaka mariri '.

mhedziso

Takurukura upenyu uye kushanda Ivana Sergeevicha Turgeneva. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Russia hwachinja. All kuti munyori anenge hwakaratidza mabasa ake ari nechekumberi, vasara kure kare. Hapasisina vazhinji Manor Estates dzawanikwa mapeji yemunyori mabasa. Uye musoro zvakaipa landlords uye kwamachinda asisina evanhu exigencies. Uye musha wokuRussia zvino zvakasiyana zvachose.

Kunyange zvakadaro, njodzi magamba iyoyo kuramba fadza yazvino muverengi zvepachokwadi. Zvakaratidza kuti zvose anovengwa Ivan Sergeyevich, uye ruvengo kwatiri. Uye chii ndikamuona rakanaka kudaro, uye kubva maonero ataiita. Chokwadi, hatigoni kubvumirana munyori, asi kashoma kuti mumwe munhu kuti nharo ndechokuti basa Turgenev riri kubva nguva.