Live utachiona nokuti dumbu: zita. Meaning of utachiona muupenyu hwevanhu

Vazhinji vane diki uye usingaonekwi kupfeka ziso, vagari redu - ndiyo nemaziso utachiona, notumwe uye wanda. Vakawanda vavo, uwandu kumabhiriyoni. basa ravo zvakasikwa uye upenyu hwevanhu yakasiyana, kuongororwa zvichisiyana zvakanaka kuburikidza kwavakarerekera kune asina. Funga zvinotaurwa vamiririri kwemabhakitiriya vakadzidza kurarama pedyo kuonana zvinenge dzevanhu, uye kuti vanokosha.

Utachiona - zvipenyu

Ava ndivo vaigara kupfuura yekare nyika dzine celled zvinenge zviri nemaziso saizi. Zvinozivikanwa kuti fungidzira nguva chiitiko yavo - mabhiriyoni 3,5 akapfuura. Kwenguva refu kunze navo hapana zvimwe zvipenyu Panyika havana. Chete ipapo vakatanga akurumidze muitiro-shanduka, uye upenyu akatanga kutumbuka ose ayo kusiyana.

Humanity akadzidza zvakawanda pamusoro utachiona chete XVII remakore, kuburikidza mabasa Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek. Yakanga musayendisiti ichi akazogadzira yokutanga magnification, kuburikidza zvamakange kuona zvisikwa duku izvi.

C akaita vaunganidza yakawanda yokungotaura zvinhu, kwakaitika hunobatsira tsvakurudzo pamusoro nguva. Vanhu vakava iripo mashoko sei kuti Dzakafanana utachiona, vane chimiro, kwakati kwatemwa kukosha kwemabhakitiriya muupenyu hwomunhu.

STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Saka, zvakava pachena kuti utachiona - a prokaryotic Utachiona, kureva, kwete rine sorutivi wayo keji akabudisa musimboti. Mukuwedzera, vari yoku anoverengeka zvinotevera zviri muna phenotype uye dzomunyika maumbirwo:

1. The muviri chimiro angava akasiyana: idenderedzwa (neshinda yakaiswa ruvara), rodlike (bacillus) muchimiro anamasumbu mazambiringa (staphylococci), vibrio, spirillum, uye vamwe.
2. Pangava kuroorwa, asi kazhinji kusika yose dzaitongwa.
3. Color kakawanda havana, asi kumwe kunogona kuva rakanaka yepepuru kana girini. Kakawanda Stained dzaitongwa kwakakonzerwa kusunungura kupinda hwaiitwa dzinokosha pigments.
4. The majini zvinhu mukati sero rine DNA Morekuru riri kuparadzirwa pakati chacho.
5. Sangano iri nzvimbo tichiregeredza flagella, gasi vacuoles kana mucous Kamudzira muviri unhani.
6. Kunze muviri rinosanganisira muchitokisi rusvingo uye Kamudzira, izvo akaronga pasi zvose sero organelles.
7. Structural mativi masero zvakafanana avo inowanikwa mhuka, chirimwa zvivako. Properties vari carbohydrate kana lipid droplet inclusions kushanda simba chaitika.
8. Panzvimbo muchitokisi musimboti aripo nucleoid ina DNA beach.

Chaizvoizvo utachiona mhenyu vane asangana dzinonakidza marongerwo. Lifestyle tusingaoneki izvi vanonziwo uchipfuta kuziva masayendisiti munyika yose. Kuburikidza ravo basa vanhu vakagamuchira kuwana ruzivo itsva kuti hadzina zvikuru kuti sayenzi yose zvayo munhu sectors. The Kukura ino hatibvumiri kukurukura nyaya dzose idzi. Naizvozvo, isu ichanyanya chete pamusoro mukuru pfungwa zvipenyu izvi, uye tichifunga nezvebasa ravo uye kukosha muupenyu hwedu.

Mufananidzo kwemabhakitiriya upenyu

Nemhaka incredible unpretentiousness ezvinhu dzokugara, utachiona vakakwanisa kuparadzira pasi pose. Nokuti izvi hazvisi nezvipingamupinyi kana kutonhora, kana kukwirira tembiricha kana acidic kana zvinokosha, ivhu salinity. Utachiona, mapikicha rinogona kuwanikwa munyaya nokugaramo;

• mvura;
• mhepo;
• ivhu;
• inopisa chafariz zvitubu;
• gwenga;
• chando uye chando;
• anoxic nzvimbo.

Zviri pachena kuti kupararira zvisikwa izvi kwose kwose. Zvakaoma kuwana chinenge chinhu chero mamiriro ezvinhu umo mabhakitiriya zvikasaitwa. Kunyange chaiyoiyo chitubu mvura ine navo yakafara yakawanda.

Life mabhakitiriya ipfupi inokosha urongwa: muviri, kubereka, kufamba vachitsvaka zvokudya, zvakaitika rwakashata ezvinhu. Sezvazviri, zvimwe zvinangwa zvose chete-celled chokuvapo, havana.

By nzira kudyisa, kureva simba Absorção de Água, vari akakamurwa:

• autotrophs;
• heterotrophs.

Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira utachiona siyana. Photos zvinogona kuonekwa pazasi. Kazhinji, pakati pavo pane mapoka akadaro.

1. Photosynthetic - pachavo -wedzera simba kubva zuva kuburikidza photosynthesis.
2. Hemosintetiki - oxidized inorganic remubatanidzwa (sarufa, senitrogen, simbi) uye bikurudza muvira organics.
3. Methane kana methylotrophs - kushandisa simba pamusoro oxidation pamusoro carbonaceous zvinhu kusvika chinhanho.

Heterotrophic howa uchapedza vakagadzirira akagadzirwa Organic yeimwe. Kuti vawane tusingaoneki izvi vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana. Saka, tinogona musiyano mapoka matatu heterotrophic kwemabhakitiriya:

• saprophytes - yaora zvasara Zvirimwa akafa uye mhuka;
• symbionts - kupinda mose co-kuvapo pamwe muridzi;
• tupukanana - pfini uye dzinoparadza siyana utano wehondo.

Zvinokoshawo basa mabhakitiriya ndechimwe chinhu - sporulation. Panguva zvikuru yaivhuvhuta ezvinhu mukati sero anokwanisa kumisa pezvakaitwa zvose zvoupenyu uye zvaiita kukotsira, akazadza batana nevamwe. Ichi chirwere chinonzi spore. Sezvo muviri anogona kurarama kwemakumi emakore, vari kumirira ezvinhu zvakanaka zvakatipoteredza. The spores vari chaizvo husingakwanisi nechando uye chafariz kurapwa kunyange kwenguva yakareba.

To munhu

Chokwadi kuti nhengo iri mubvunzo - shamwari dzose kusvikira kumarudzi enyu upenyu hwedu, rakachengetedzwa pana kamwe. A guru pakuita pave chokwadi ichi vakatamba I. I. Mechnikov. Ndiye akabata dzakatevedzana wezvidzidzo akawanda achiratidza guru kukosha utachiona muupenyu hwomunhu.

Zvakaratidza kuti ganda redu, kuti mucous membranes mhino uye muromo, romukati chikamu nemudumbu, ari pelvic zvomukati - zvivako zvose izvi zviri dzine ine zvakasiyana siyana zvigare. Ivo kutibatsira kurwisa zvirwere, kugaya zvokudya, kuti vazvichenure kubva mukati. Pachavo pane kuwana zvakanaka mararamiro uye kudya kunovaka. Kureva, kurarama utachiona mukati munhu kugara naye pedyo symbiosis.

Kana anetseka zvepanyama intestinal kasvisto, ganda, dumbu uye dzimwe nhengo, vanhu kuva zvirwere kakawanda, kazhinji kuitika mune kwazvo chimiro. Ndokusaka vasayendisiti, vanachiremba uye microbiologists zvave akasika probiotics. It okuva utachiona mhenyu vamwe mhando, kuti anogona kushanda kuti muzadze uye kudzorera yepanyama microflora.

ukoshi ichi hakungoitwi prokaryotes. Man anodzishandisa mune zvokurima, zvokudya maindasitiri, nzvimbo maindasitiri, zvesainzi, Biosynthesis uye ezvinhu zvipenyu uye nezvimwe minda zhinji.

Live utachiona nokuti dumbu: zita

Kana isu kutaura mhando chaiyo date tupukanana vanogadzira vanhu mukati, chinhu chokutanga chinofanira kuva kuziva zvikuru "vakapfuma" venzvimbo - ura. Hazvina muviri ichi rinoumbwa mumapoka akawanda kusvika urefu (ari mukuru) kuti 12 m, ndiwo musha wakakwana kuti siyana vamiririri prokaryotes.

Pane huru mhando mbiri, zvinosanganisira mhuri dzinoverengeka uye zvakasiyana-siyana kwemarudzi ezvinhu uye utachiona regai chete vagere akati muviri uye zvinokosha munhu wese. Izvi utachiona mhenyu kuti ura, iro genus zita riri kutaurwa Russian sezvo Lactobacillus uye bifidobaktrium.

Mumwe nomumwe idzi inoita basa rinokosha mune metabolic dzinotsanagura ari ura. Naizvozvo, isu funga navo zvizere.

Utachiona kubva genus Lactobacillus: ari mamirire uye ukoshi

Live utachiona nokuti ura, zita genus Lactobacillus iyo unorira - ndivo chaivo vagere intestinal microflora pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu. Vane kunobatsirawo zvinonyatsorehwa ezvinhu muviri, nekuti:

• achipindira kukwira basa zhinji makemikari anokosha uye mapuroteni zvinobatanidzwa tapata pezvakaitwa;
• kuita sezvo mhandu kuti pathogenic utachiona, kubvisa muviri kubva toxicity;
• mhanyisa kuporeswa (rokuzvivandudza rakaita kuti irambe) pezvakaitwa ari mucous membranes, uye zvichingodaro.

Zviri utachiona izvi zvinoshandiswa anogadzira zvinhu dheri zvigadzirwa. Kureva, utachiona dzavo dziri Starter mutsika nemagariro zvakasiyana-siyana kuvakwa kuti:

• mhenyu yoghurt;
• yogati;
• yogati;
• cocktaileja nezvimwe zvigadzirwa.

Mhando genus iyi prokaryotes zhinji. Naizvozvo, netafura iri kukurukurwa pazasi. The mabhakitiriya taxon ichi, izvo kurarama mukati paura, vachamutswawo ari pamazita vamiririri, pamwe zita rake.

lactobacillus Reuter

It vakaziva vavo chete XX remakore. Zvisinei, tsvakurudzo masayendisiti kubva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana kwakaratidza kuti zvigare aya chikamu nemudumbu pakati mhuka. Muvanhu chinokosha chikamu microflora kuripowo rinoumbwa utachiona zvipenyu ichi.

Lactobacillus Reuter - a utachiona mupenyu kusvikira ura, iyo akapa zita German microbiologist, kutanga voga uye chinozivikanwa dzavo dzedzinza chavanopinda kuti lactobacilli. kukosha kwavo kwakafanana kuti vose vagere ura pamusoro apa.

Bulgarian yoghurt seinokonzera "Lactobacillus bulgaricus"

muviri ichi yakawanikwa akakurumbira Immunology I. I. Mechnikovym. Ndiye wokutanga akaita pfungwa yokuti sei kubatsira zvigadzirwa zvakasikwa pachishandiswa upenyu utachiona uhwu.

Zvinobatsirei?

1. Kuvandudza kushanda muura.
2. Kusimbisa masoja emuviri.
3. Development anoshanda microelements uye amino acids.
4. Nyoro laxative migumisiro.
5. Wokunatswa pathogenic bacilli.

Bifidobacteria: unhu uye ukoshi

To genus ichi vari utachiona mhenyu, izvo ndiwo mazita anotevera:

• angulatum;
• animalis;
• asteroidus;
• bifidum;
• longum;
• magnum;
• Subtitle nevamwe.

Chete marudzi anenge 35 of zvipenyu. Vanoumba ruzhinji intestinal bacteria (anenge 80-90% of zvachose kurema vomumuzinda). Kukosha zvinotevera:

1. Kwerunyararo homeostasis.
2. Vakasimbiswa uye nezvekugadzirwa kutapata.
3. Development mavhitamini uye makemikari.
4. Kudzorerwa kwomuzvarirwo microflora.
5. Active mubasa muviri.

"Bifidobaktrium animalis"

Vanosanganisira maviri subtypes uye utachiona wandei zvigare tsvimbo serin'i, zvishoma musana chimiro. Zvinoshingaira iri normalization iri bowel, saka zvinowanzoshandiswa pagadzirwe probiotics siyana uye zvinodhaka, uyewo zvokudya.

"Bifidobaktrium bifidum" - antagonist

Huru richifanira inobva vakandishora ehupfumi. Utachiona uhwu vanokwanisa tunodzivisa pathogenic utachiona uye kudzorera muviri kushanda zvakanaka. Vanobatsirawo nokusimbaradza kutapata, sezvo zvibereko mavhitaminzi, makemikari uye mapuroteni mamorekuru kukwanisa phagocytosis miviri yokumwe.

Basa utachiona zvakasikwa

Zvechokwadi zvinokosha uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Zvisinei, tinogona kuziva huru urongwa zvakasikwa chisingazivi rokugovera pamwe nhengo iri mubvunzo:

1. The kuchovha kwenyaya. Kusanganisira zvinhu (senitrogen, carbon, sarufa, simbi).
2. Soil inotungamirwa.
3. Manyowa pane Organic residues.

Saka, utachiona zvakasikwa kuridza kwazvo rinokosha, kuva pedyo pamwe zvose zvimwe zvipenyu.