Mapurogiramu yemapuraneti enyika: maitiro ekuumbwa (tafura)

Mepu yezvematongerwe enyika yenyika inogona kuonekwa muzvinhu zviviri. Yokutanga ipapa iri nyore pamapepa inoratidza kuti nyika inoshanda sei kubva pakuona kwekugadzirisa kwematongerwe enyika. Chipiri chechipiri chinofunga nezvechirevo ichi kubva pane zvakajeka, sechikonzero chemashoko pamusoro pekuumbwa kwenyika, maitiro avo uye kusawirirana, pamusoro pekugadzirisa kwemasimba munyika yezvematongerwo enyika, pamusoro pezvakanaka uye simba rezvinyorwa zvakasimba uye zvine simba pamusoro pehupfumi hwepasi rose. Zvekare zvinotipa mufananidzo wezveramangwana, naizvozvo zvakakosha kuziva zvikamu zvekuumbwa kwemapato ezvematongerwo enyika enyika.

General information

Nyika yose ine hupenyu hwehupenyu hwayo. Icho chidzitiro chinoratidzika sehump. Pakutanga rwendo rwayo nyika iri kuvakwa nekukudziridza. Ipapo kunouya chikwata chekufambira mberi, apo munhu wose ari kufara uye zvose zvinoratidzika zvakanaka. Asi nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, hurumende inorasikirwa nesimba rayo nesimba uye inotanga kupera zvishoma nezvishoma. Yagara iripo, ndeye uye ichava. Ndicho chikonzero kwemazana emakore takaona kukwidza zvishoma nezvishoma uye kuparadzwa kwemasimba makuru, masimba makuru uye hukuru hwemakoloni. Ngationgororei matanho makuru mukuumbwa kwemapato ezvematongerwo enyika enyika. Tafura yacho inowanikwa mumufananidzo:

Sezvaunogona kuona, vazhinji vezvakaitika kare vanosiyanisa zvikamu zvishanu zvemazuva ano. Munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, iwe unogona kuwana 4 chete zvinokosha. Dambudziko rakadaro rakasimuka kwenguva yakareba, sezvo zvichibvira kududzira zvikamu zvekuumbwa kwemepu yezvematongerwo enyika enyika nenzira dzakasiyana. Tafura yezvikamu zvikuru zvakasarudzirwa isu zvine mashoko anovimbika kupfuura iye zvino.

Nguva yekare

Munyika yekare, matunhu makuru ekutanga anopinda munhandare yezviitiko zvikuru. Imi mose munoyeuka ivo kubva munyaya. Uyu iEgypt yekare yeEgypt, Girisi ine simba uye Umambo husingaoneki hweRoma. Panguva imwecheteyo, pakanga pasina zvishoma kudarika asiwo maitiro akavakwa muCentral neEast Asia. Nguva yavo yezvakaitika inopera muzana remakore rechi5 AD. Zvinowanzofungidzirwa kuti iri panguva ino iyo urongwa hwevaranda hunoenda munguva yakapfuura.

Pakati pezana remakore

Mumafungiro edu, panguva yegore remakore rechi5 kusvika kumazana gumi nemashanu, kwakave nekushanduka kwakawanda iyo mutsetse mumwe usingafukidzwi. Kana vanyori venhau venguva iyoyo vaiziva kuti mapeji ezvematongerwo enyika enyika ndeapi, zvikamu zvekuumbwa kwayo zvingadai zvakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zvakasiyana. Mushure mezvose, rangarirai, panguva ino, chiKristu chakaberekwa, Kievan Rus akaberekwa uye akaparara, mamiriro eMoscow anotanga kubuda . MuEurope, hurumende huru dzenyika dziri kuwana simba. Chokutanga pane izvi, iyi iSpain nePortugal, iyo iri kusangana pamwe chete kuti iite zvitsva zvitsva.

Panguva imwecheteyo, mapeji ezvematongerwe enyika enyika anoramba achichinja. Matanho ekuumbwa kwemazuva iwayo achachinja ramangwana ramangwana rezvematongerwo enyika. Makore mashomanana emakore pachava neHurumende yeOttoman ine simba inotora nyika dzeEurope, Asia neAfrica.

Nguva itsva

Kubvira pakupera kwema1500 - kutanga kwezana remakore rechi16 peji itsva munharaunda yezvematongerwe enyika inotanga. Iyi ndiyo nguva yekutanga kwehukama hwekutanga hurumende. Mazana emakore, apo nyika inotanga kubuda hukuru hweumambo hwekoloni hwakakunda nyika yose. Mepu yezvematongerwe enyika yenyika inowanzoshandurwa uye yakachinjwa. Zvikamu zvekugadzirisa nguva dzose zvinotsiva mumwe nomumwe.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, Spain nePortugal vanorasikirwa nesimba ravo. Pamusana pekubira kune dzimwe nyika zvatoita zvisingabviri kurarama, nokuti dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira dziri kuenda kune imwe nzira yakakwana yekugadzira - manufactory. Izvi zvakakonzera kukurudzira kwemasimba akadaro seBritain, France, Netherlands, Germany. Mushure mokurwisana kwevagari vomuAmerica, vanobatanidzwa nemutsva mukuru uye mukuru kwazvo - United States of America.

Kunyanya kakawanda pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19 ne20, mapeji ezvematongerwe enyika enyika akachinja. Zvikamu zvekugadzirisa panguva iyoyo zvairemekedzwa pamigumisiro yekubudirira kwemauto emashure. Saka, kana muna 1876 10% chete yenharaunda yeAfrica yakatorwa nenyika dzeEurope, mumakore 30 chete vakakwanisa kukunda 90% yenharaunda yose ye continent inotyisa. Muzana remakore rechi20, nyika yose yatopinda inenge yakaparadzaniswa pakati pemasimba makuru. Vakatonga hupfumi uye vakatonga voga. Kuwedzera kugoverwa patsva kwakanga kusingadzivisiki pasina hondo. Nokudaro zvinopera nguva itsva uye danho idzva rekuumbwa kwemepu yezvematongerwe enyika yenyika inotanga.

Nzvimbo itsva kupfuura dzose

Kupiwa patsva kwenyika mushure meHondo Yenyika Yenyika Yese yakakonzera kuchinja kukuru munharaunda yenyika. Chokutanga pane zvose, umambo hune hwakasimba hwakanyangarika. Iri iBritain, Umambo hweOttoman, Umambo hweRussia neGermany. Munharaunda yavo, maitiro mazhinji matsva akaumbwa.

Panguva imwecheteyo, mamiriro matsva ari kubuda - hukama hwemagariro evanhu. Uye pamepu yenyika kune hurumende huru-Union yeSoviet Socialist Republics. Panguva imwecheteyo, simba rakadaro seFrance, Britain, Belgium neJapan zviri kusimbiswa. Dzimwe nyika dzakare kare dzakatumirwa kwavari. Asi kugoverwa kwakadaro hakuna kufanana nevakawanda, uye nyika iri zvakare kumagumo ehondo.

Panguva iyi, vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanoenderera mberi kunyora nezvenguva yakatsva, asi iko zvino inofungidzirwa kuti pakuguma kweHondo Yenyika II, chiitiko chemazuva ano chekuumbwa kwemapolitiki ezvematongerwo enyika anotanga.

Nzvimbo yemazuva ano

Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakarondedzera kwatiri isu miganhu, iyo yakawanda yatinoona nhasi. Chokutanga pane zvose, izvi zvinosanganisira nyika dzeEurope. Chigumisiro chikuru pane iyo hondo iyo hurumende yekoloni yakakoromoka zvachose uye yakanyangarika. Paiva nehurumende itsva dzakadzivirira muSouth America, Oceania, Africa, uye Asia.

Asi zvakadaro kune nyika huru munyika yose - USSR. Nekuparara kwayo muna 1991, pane imwe nzvimbo inokosha. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakawanda vanozvisiyanisa sechikamu chemazuva ano. Mushure mezvose, muna 1991 mushure mokunge Eurasia, 17 mitsva yakadzivirira yakaumbwa yakaumbwa. Vakawanda vavo vakasarudza kuramba varipo mukati memiganhu yeRussian Federation. Somuenzaniso, Chechnya yakadzivirira zvido zvayo kwenguva yakareba, kusvikira simba renyika ine simba rakakundwa nekuda kwemabasa ehondo.

Panguva imwe chete, kuchinja kuri kuenderera kuMiddle East. Pane kubatana kweimwe nyika dzeArabhu. MuEurope, kune hubatanidza Germany neUnited of the FRY inopera, zvichiunza Bosnia neHerzegovina, Makedonia, Croatia, Serbia neMontenegro.

Kuenderera mberi kwenhau

Isu takaratidza chete matanho makuru mukuumbwa kwemapato ezvematongerwo enyika enyika. Asi nyaya haina kuguma ipapo. Sezvo zviitiko zvemakore achangopfuura zvichiratidzira, tichakurumidza kugovera nguva itsva kana kudzokorora makadhi. Mushure mezvose, zviongere iwe pachako: makore maviri akapfuura, Crimea yaiva yenharaunda yeUkraine, uye zvino zvakakosha kudzorera zvachose matanho ose kuchinja hukama hwake. Uye ivo vanotambudzika Israeri, vachimira muhondo, Egipita pamucheto wehondo uye kugoverwa kwesimba, iyo isina kupera Siria, iyo inogona kubviswa kunze kwechiso chenyika nemasimba makuru ane simba. Zvose izvi nhoroondo yedu yemazuva ano.