Mitauro Mapoka vavo mhando. Text ave muchikwata mitauro. Language Mapato uye zvinetso mitauro categorization

Munyaya ino tichakurukura inokosha mitauro Mapato, ipai mienzaniso. Uchadzidza kuti mune zvemutauro pachena shamwari siyana, izvo zvinogona Classified mune chimwe chikwata.

Chii chinonzi chikamu

Nyaya yokudana mumwe "category" yakatanga kugadzirwa Aristotle. Zvikurukuru, iye akasarudzwa 10 mhando. Pano vari: kutsungirira, chiito, chinzvimbo, chinzvimbo, nguva, nzvimbo, maitiro, uwandu, zvisikwa. Munzira dzakawanda, kukanganisa kwavo hurumende ichiisa haizopereri uwandu-siyana okuti, okuti mumutsetse uye zvikamu kutaura.

Conceptual chikamu

Tisati nokufunga mutauro Mapato uye zvinetso mitauro categorization, zvinokosha kujekesa ichi izwi. Pasi payo kazhinji rinoreva rudzi namahwindo ezvinhu tsika kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro yezvisikwa unhu kana chimwe ukoshi ichi chizenga kwakabatana nzira rokuti ( "yakajeka" kana "zvakavanzika") uye ukuru grammaticalization mumutauro kupiwa. Somuenzaniso, tinogona kutaura pamberi zvinotevera Conceptual Mapato :. Alienability / inalienability, basa / basa, hunokonzera, nzvimbo, zvinangwa, etc. In zvemutauro, pane lexical-kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kwomutauro mhando. Below kwavari chinorehwa makirasi akadai nyika mazita, mabasa, uye zvimwe zvipenyu. Kana derivational yakarongwa okuti anogamuchira categorical sema, mitauro Mapato dzinonzi shoko-inotungamirwa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira: mazita inovaraidza (Pancakes-Chik, noutsi-ok, imba-neKara), mutungamiriri mazita (kumhanya-un, kuti WHO-Chik, kudzidzisa-Tel).

Mhando mitauro munyika yakafara uye yakamanikana pfungwa

Language chikamu - mubatanidzwa kuti anogona kuonekwa paupamhi uye rakamanikana mupfungwa. Muchiitiko chokutanga ndicho chinhu boka zvinhu izvo dzinounzwa inobva vanhuwo pfuma. In yakamanikana pfungwa mutauro Categories - mamwe parameters (unhu), runotikurudzira partition pakati homogeneous vamapoka imwe nhamba disjoint makirasi. nhengo dzavo dziri dzinoratidzwa vamwe ukoshi unhu. Mienzaniso :. Category mhando, nyaya, rarama / zvisina upenyu, voicelessness / kutaura etc. Kazhinji, zvisinei, izwi rinoreva mumwe zvinokosheswa parameter ichi (chinhu). Mienzaniso: category inanimateness, accusative mamiriro voicelessness akaita chimiro.

Mhando Mapoka maererano siyana zvinodiwa

Zvichienderana iro hunhu ane runoenzanirana chiratidzo uye anomira pamusoro payo chaizvo, uyewo ukama yayo kusvikira partition chaakafoira, tinogona musiyano wemarudzi akasiyana mhando. Set zvinogona rinoumbwa phonemes, izvo homogeneous dzakabatana. Muchiitiko chino, kusiyanisa akasiyana phonological kwomutauro mhando. Izvi Somuenzaniso, kusarura voicelessness / sonority. Mumwe muenzaniso - muchikwata che chemabhazi nemavara. Pahwaro pamusoro differential phonetic kupatsanura unoitwa iyi.

Isa dividend muzvikamu, rinogona riine bilateral kubatana. Kazhinji ndiwo mazano, mashoko uye mashoko. Panyaya iyi, iyo dzinounzwa shoko maumbirwo, lexical-kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro, syntactic, zvivakamutauro uye dzimwe mhando. Maererano imwe kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kana syntactic zvinhu chinozoiswa kupatsanura. Zvinogona kuva syntactic zvakakodzera, kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro, uye obschekategorialnym (shoko iri kunowanzonzwisiswa se "kureva nhengo yokutaura").

Classifying uye kunatsiridza unhu

Mirai uye zvimwe zvinhu. Panyaya makirasi akakamurwa partitions classifying (zvokusarudza, chinokosha) uye kunatsiridza (flexion, uye differential). Mamirire vamwe chinhu ari akagadziridzwa panguva unoenderana ive chinhu dzimwe partition kirasi kuti wakasiyana nayo chete kukosha ichi chinokosha. kupikiswa uku se enzanirana. Kana ichi haina kuchengetwa, nokuti runoenzanirana maatomu akafanana ndizvo chiratidzo classifying. Umo nyaya, tinogona kutaura zvimwe zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa mhando vezvikwata nemhaka kuchinja? Ngatitaurei kupindura mubvunzo uyu. Zvadaro, kana mamiriro okunze akasiyana mumwe chete nezvinhu zvinokosheswa imwe kunatsiridza chinhu. Kana classifying, mutengo wayo ari kuramba, wakaiswa kuti chikwata.

Kuchinja uye classifying nezvipoka

Muzviitiko zvizhinji, ruzhinji ne chiratidzo modifier. Ipapo muchikwata rose anonzi modifier. Somuenzaniso, zvinonzi anobva (inflectional) muchikwata. Izvi zvinosanganisira nhamba yevanofa uye pazita, nyaya, nhamba, nevanhukadzi chipauro, mafungiro, nguva, munhu, nhamba akaberekwa rechiito. Kana nhamba zvenyaya categorical chizenga yakakwana iri classifying, ipapo saka zvichava umwechete yose. Somuenzaniso, ndicho lexical-kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro chechetere. Mienzaniso: animateness genus zvikamu kutaura uye pazita transitivity / intransitive, chezita rechiito makirasi, etc ...

"Mitemo" uye "Kakawanda"

Zvino chii mhando zvinofanira kunzi kana chikamu, zvichienderana chii kupatsanura pakati mitauro dzakabatana aimbova, uye chii chiri "mutemo" kuti imwe kirasi, uye chii chinogona kunzi "anosara." Somuenzaniso, zvinogona vaifungidzira kuti mutauro Russian vamwe makirasi verbs muchikwata mhando inzwi (modifier), uye zvimwe zvidzidzo ake - derivational (Classified). Kana unogona kutora mumwe wevaya zvisarudzo ukama kuti kirasi yose hwemashoko zviratidzo. Ona kuti vose vari dzinotaurwa Russian philology.

nezvipoka zvinowanika

Kudzidza aripo nemarongerwo paradigmatic ukama, vaongorori vakawanda vanoshandisa pfungwa "kukurukura uye zvivakamutauro Mapato" kana "mazano kutsvaka". Below kwavari chinorehwa kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro siyana zviri zvimwe zvirevo (nemarongerwo modality, tendero / kuramba, tseleustanovka mashoko). Zvishoma kacho kungava nezvaunokoshesa unhu Data (semuenzaniso, negation muchikwata). Vatsvakurudzi vanoverengeka, zvikurukuru, N. Y. Shvedova, anopa yakasiyana pfungwa. Vanotaura nezverubhapatidzo frazoizmenitelnyh mhando. Pane dzimwe pfungwa.

zvivakamutauro chikamu

Zvivakamutauro mitauro Mapoka uye mhando ndezvimwe zvezvisarudzo akadzidza uye chinonyanya kukosha. Dzavo mamirire zvinhu - kunatsiridza mamiriro mhando, sokugamuchira hwaro, kuti kubatanidzwa yaro nemarongerwo, pamberi dzose mapiro chinotaurwa, uyewo "akasungwa" kusarudza (shoko) siyana chomumwe akapiwa yakatarwa, mumwe ayo tsika. Zvivakamutauro Mapoka vari namahwindo mugadziriro tsika, vashanduri zvakakwana. Ivo kumbira partition kupinda disjoint makirasi akakura iine shoko siyana. Somuenzaniso, zvakadai zvivakamutauro zvinoreva sezvo risiri kana muuzhinji iri yose zvavo muboka nhamba.

Pfungwa acho

Tisati funga mitauro muchikwata rugwaro, kutsanangura pfungwa pfungwa. Text - raznoaspektnogo chinhu chidzidzo zvemutauro, asi mabhuku saka kure pfungwa iyi zvichishandurwa zvakasiyana. Panewo hapana kazhinji akagamuchira tsananguro. Naizvozvo, isu funga izvo ndicho.

Text vakawanda inozivikanwa se inogadzirwa mabasa evanhu dzakananga (rechemyslitelnoj). Ekupedzisira zvingaitika munguva nedanho zvisina kunanga uye yakananga muchikurukurirana, uye muitiro yomunhu zivo chokwadi.

Text somunhu muchikwata mitauro

Zvidzidzo vanoumba yenhengo dzayo (STRUCTURAL zvinoriumba) kuitwa muAtlantic mune rimwe mutongo kana boka. Zvakataurwa (texteme, okuti, mutongo) Nde che acho. Zvinonzwisiswa uye vachinzwisisa sezvo chokuita chero kupa. Kureva, ndiko chezvinonhuwira acho chikamu yose. Bayirai - yawo yakadzikira kukurukura chimwe.

SCC (SFU)

The nemamiriro acho , pamwechete vaitaura dzimwe nguva aibatanidza muzvikwata, vaongorori siyana vane mazita akasiyana. V. A. Buhbinder Somuenzaniso, anoreva ensembles dzavo uye phrasal phrasal unities. Complex syntactical rose (SCC) tenda kwavo NS Pospelov, A. P. Peshkovsky, S. G. Ilenko, L. M. Loseva. Microtext (SFU) kuvati TM Nikolaeva, O Moskalskaya, I. R. Galperin. Boznacheniya kuti boka chokuita vaitaura mukati zvinoreva kupfuura inowanzoshandiswa SFU uye SCC. Uyu chaizvo kunzwisisa STRUCTURAL kubatana, izvo ine zviviri zvakaparadzana vaitaura, izvo mune akapoteredza coherent kutaura kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kuvimbika, uyewo kuita sechinhu pakukurukurirana zvakakwana.

Free uye simba mazano

Cherechedza kuti mune nemamiriro acho, kwete zvose vaitaura dzikarongwa pamwechete. Dzinounzwa uye vakasununguka, izvo zvisiri mavari, asi semantically ukama chimwe boka. Rine mhinduro, munyori dzokera shure. vaitaura akadaro kubatana pakati SSC, vari huchashandiswa yakadana mikrotema itsva.

Vamwe vanotsvakurudza uyewo oga ane simba panyaya wenyaya. Vanogona kunzwisiswa pasina kuziva zviri nevamwe. vaitaura kwakadaro muna SSC zvisiri.

Communication zvidzidzo uye hombe zviyero

Ndezvipi zvimwe Mapoka zvinogona kupatsanurwa chinyorwa mutauro? Group vaitaura ikashandiswa mu kutigumbura yakatokura chikamu. Dzinonzi muzvidzidzo siyana kana zvimedu kana predicative-hama zvivako. Chimwe zvakafanana zita - kutaurirana zvinogumbura.

Associations pane yakatokura. Ivo kukurukura inotevera rugwaro zvikamu: musoro, chikamu ndima, ndima.

Saka, vaitaura uye mapoka avo - huru yokukurukurirana zvinhu acho. Vose rinoitwa kuva mutemo, rugwaro-zvichiumba ushande. Vari kazhinji interphase kukurukurirana. Tinopa tsanangudzo, uye ichi pfungwa.

The interfacial chisungo

Rinomiririra kubatana pakati SCC, mazano, zvitsauko, ndima, uye dzimwe ndima, iyo anoronga ayo kubatana STRUCTURAL uye kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro. Panyaya iyi, iyo kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro ukama pakati wacho vaitaura chakagoverwa lexical uye girama nzira. Kazhinji yakafanana kana cheni Links. The yokupedzisira chaitwa nokudzokorora yokupedzisira chikamu mutongo chimiro chimwe kana mumwe, ari zvakazosunungurwa nekutumirwa kwemauto wenyika ayo mamiriro. Vaitaura kuti neiyi kubatana hakuiti chipikiranai uye zvakafanana. Panyaya iyi, kuti zvivako bindepinde kana juxtaposition anobvumira fananidzo, zvichienderana nhengo lexical kugutsikana.

Achishandisa Implementation pamusoro-siyana kutaurirana

Achibatsirwa mutauro zvinhu iri rakatangwa nomumwe pakubhadhara yokukurukurirana. Somuenzaniso, nokuti remubatanidzwa wenyika nezvimedu vakashandisa chinyorwa shamwari, chiyamuro kutaura nevamwe. Nokuti Implementation pamusoro cheni Links pakati vaitaura SSC anoshandiswa uchitsanangura, syntactic repetitions, nokutaura spatial nezvenyama kukosha, zvisazitasingwi nevamwe. Panyaya yakafanana kubatana, kushandisa zvakakodzera parallelism pakuvaka mitsetse. It runoratidzwa mukushandisa verbs ane nevakawanda nguva purogiramu, anaphoric zvinhu zvakafanana kurongeka, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Mitauro nezvipoka creolized magwaro

Ivo vanoonekwa ne chete Mapato sezvo ari dzinonzi dzenhoroondo homogeneous kungonyaradza magwaro. Zvakakodzera kujekesa pfungwa "creolization". It kunosanganisira nzira siyana chiratidzo enyika vari kunzwisisa, ndiro basa tekstuarnosti ezvinhu. Visual zvinoriumba ndidzo huchashandiswa creolization pamusoro hwemashoko magwaro. Ivo kuchikosha kukanganisa dudziro dzavo uye vose michina nyaya chokuita pamasikiro acho, inochinja zvazvinoreva. Mirai pakati pavo ndedzinotevera: kumashure ruvara uye Fonts chorugwaro, zvinoreva nyora, chiperengo, shoko inotungamirwa, hwakajeka nemagadzirirwo (mu wechikamu ari muchimiro nhamba), kudhindwa iconic vatambi (ideograms, pictograms) uye vamwe.

Mashoko acho Saka mumwe chimiro, apo nhengo uye munhu vaitaura zviri interconnected. Mitauro uye musoro Mapato - nyaya zvinogona zvinoratidza yakareba chaizvo nguva. Takaedza kusimbisa chinonyanya kukosha kuti unofanira kuziva ose philologist.