Mitemo yekutonga: territorial jurisdiction

Nhungamiro yezviitiko ndiwo mitsara yemitemo iyo inogadzirisa hurumende yemudare iri muhurongwa, ichiti, kubvumirana, ndeyekutarisa nyaya.

Munyaya iyi, hutongi ndiyo pfungwa shomanana kupfuura kugadziriswa, nokuti inokubvumira kuparadzira mhaka dziri pasi pekukwikwidzana pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvehutongi hwose hwekutonga dare .

Iko kune marudzi anotevera ehurumende. Pakutanga, hutongi hwemagetsi, hunojekesa nyaya pakati pehutano hwakasiyana hwekukakavara. Semitemo yakawanda, nharo dzose dziri pasi pekugadzirisa kumwe kunogona kugadziriswa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kwezvimwe zvikamu zvehurumende yeRussian Federation, kusina kukakavadzana kunobatana nehutongi hweSupreme Arbitration.

Ichi chiitiko chinotarisa chero zviitiko zvinoshandiswa mumitemo yepamutemo yemutemo, yakasayirwa neMutungamiri wehurumende, Hurumende, sangano rezvemagariro ehurumende, rinokanganisa zvido zvepamutemo uye kodzero dzevakakumbira mubasa remabasa ekutengeserana uye mune zvehupfumi zvinopesana. Iyo Supreme Arbitration Court inorondedzera nyaya dzinopesana nedzimwe dzisiri dzemutemo mabasa eMutungamiri wehurumende, State Duma, Federation Federation, Hurumende, iyo inobata kodzero dzeavo vanoda uye zvido mune zvezvemari uye zvebhizimisi. Mukuwedzera, dare rinotarisana nharo dzezvematongerwo enyika pakati pezvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zveRussian Federation.

Pfungwa ye "territorial jurisdiction" inosarudza kududzirwa kwekodzero yekukakavadzana kwakabatana nehutano humwe (nharaunda, dzenharaunda uye dzehutano dzakasiyana nedzimwe nyaya dzehurumende yenyika). Inogona kuva yowiriwo: munyaya ino, zvikwereti zvinotumirwa kumubvumirano uri pane imwe muteereri wekero. Uyu ndiwo mutemo mukuru kana kujekesa ruzivo rwezvikepe zviri panzvimbo imwe chete.

Chimwe chikamu chinowanikwa munharaunda inobvumira muchengeti kuti asarudze kubvumirana kwaanenge ataurwa. Somuenzaniso, kana mumiririri wekugara kana nzvimbo yacho isingazivikanwi, kudai muhukama hwake kunogona kutumirwa kukwikwidzana kunzvimbo yeimba yake kana panzvimbo yekupedzisira yenzvimbo yake.

Kunze kwemasimba ekutonga kunoratidzirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu kuti nyaya yacho inongororwa chete nedzidziso yakanatsanangurwa nedare remubatanidzwa. Kunyanya, zvivako zvemaimba zvinotarisirwa chete nematare ari munzvimbo iyo nzvimbo yacho iripo.

Kana nyaya yekutaurirana kwemhosva, kukakavadzana kunoongororwa musangano rekutonga umo pane imwe nyaya inobatanidza nharo, pasinei nenharaunda iyo kusabvumirana kwayo. Semuenzaniso, kubvumirana kunofanira kuendeswa pasinei nehutongi hwahwo munzvimbo iyo kukakavadzana kwokutanga kuri kutaridzirwa.

Izvo zvibvumirano zvemasimba enyika zvinobvumira mapato kuti asarudze nekubvumirana nzvimbo iyo kudai kuchafungidzirwa. Zvisinei, chibvumirano chakadaro chinogona kuitika chete pamusoro pezvimwe zvinoshandiswa kana kuti zvinowanikwa munharaunda. Mapato haana kodzero yekushandura kodzero dzakakwana nedzimwe zvibvumirano.

Nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana (pakusarudzwa kwomunhu anomutsamwira) inopiwa kune dzimwe nyaya dzehurumende dzinogona kusarudzwa nedare dzakasiyana-siyana dzezinga rimwechete. Mupomerwa anopiwa kodzero yekusarudza kupomera kupi kuchazoongorora nyaya yacho, iyo inotungamirirwa nedare dzinoverengeka.

Iyo isiri-kutonga kwemhosva yekugadzirisa, iyo iyo chirevo chekutsvaga chakaitwa, ndicho chikonzero chekudzorera kubvunzwa kumunhu anomutaurira. Kana pakazarurirwa kusingabvumirisi mushure mokunge kutangwa kwekutongwa kuri sutu, nyaya yacho inotamirwa kukwikwidzana, iyo inowanikwa.