Monetary gadziriro yenyika: mureza chendarama mamiriro ezvinhu

Monetary hurongwa hwenyika inzira sangano usapinde ukama, izvo zvave Panguva iyi musika kukura. chidzoke Rinobatanidzwa ne chidzoke mari kutanga kushanda kwavo senzira muripo mune dzakawanda muripo kwema uye.

Kushanduka akarirasa hurongwa yava kwazvo rwokuzvarwa chakajairika, pasina iro kukura upfumi nyika hazvina zvinobvira. Sezvo sumo, uye kusiyiwa of yemandorokwati - ndiyo mhinduro zvinodiwa nguva, uyewo kusimbisa dzokororo yevanhu uye upfumi hwenyika.

Zvokukura Kugadzirwa international mari maitiro uye mamiriro avo

1. Ndarama mureza hurongwa (1821-1939) maererano chero mari iyo inofanira kupiwa nendarama. Banks mumwe nyika wakanyengwa kugovera rusununguko convertibility mari yavo vanokudzwa simbi iri chikumbiro. Monetary maitiro vaifungidzira yakamisirwa Exchange wakaiswa mumwe nomumwe mari. Chokwadi, ichi chokwadi sei kukura kutengeserana pakati nyika uye yemarudzi mubhizimisi nokuda ezvinhu mune zvoupfumi nechokumusoro. Zvisinei, ino mari uye akanga wandei zvaaikanganisa zvakatungamirira kuti pamusoro avaida Yechipiri World War zvakanzi yakasiyiwa. Pakati padzo pane zvakanaka kwevanhu kubatsirwa kwete zvoupfumi, asi kuwedzera kana kudzikisa zvendarama kugadzira, uyewo kutadza pakati kunyika yakazvimirira usapinde negwaro. 2. The Bretton Woods maitiro (1944-1976). Ichi mari hurongwa presupposes zvinoyangarara Exchange, achivabvumira kupindura kuchinja pamusika mamiriro. Nzira dzose mari yakanga wakaiswa mune madhora, uye hurumende US raiva nechokwadi kuchinjana mari yavo nendarama. Rakanga panguva iyi hwakagadzwa nesimba kudaro dzakawanda mari sangano sezvo IMF, chinangwa chikuru chebasa iri chaiyo kukura kutengeserana pakati maviri kunyika dzavo pamwe mumunda usapinde ukama. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, sokuti hurumende akanga asingafariri nokugadzirisa Exchange yawo mari uye zvakakodzera nenhanho liquidity hazvigoni nechokwadi. Mukuwedzera, ukama haana zvokutadza inofadza kuti nyika dzakawanda kubva kuUnited States. 3. Muna 1976, kwakasarudzwa kuenda Jamaican mari gadziriro, maererano izvo Gengi upi mari kunotemwa nomurayiro romugove uye kudiwa. Modern mari Hurongwa kunoda yoga tsanangudzo Central Bank Gengi hurumende ehurumende, izvo zvinoita kwayo kwenguva refu mukana wokushandiswa uye kwenguva pfupi Kugadzikana, izvo zvakanaka kunokanganisa kukura wezvokutengeserana uye mari. Zvazvakashatira Jamaican mari mamiriro dzinosanganisira: yakakwirira mitengo, unopinza kuchinja Exchange uye volatility hupfumi ezvinhu ari pamusika. Panyaya iyi, vatungamiriri neimwe nyika vanofanira kubhadhara zvikuru kufunga inokosha uye operative kuronga, nokuti ikozvino, chete nepavanogona zvavanoita kunobva zvakanaka kwevanhu.