Parsuna - zviri kare uye zvishoma-vakadzidza Genre kuti portraiture

Kwemazana emakore, vanhu vave vachiedza utape nyika yakatipoteredza, nendangariro dzangu uye manzwiro. Yaiva imwe nguva asati mubako mifananidzo vakanga tinoshandurirwa dzakazara mufananidzo. KuMiddle Ages portraiture akaratidza runonyanya mumufananidzo zviso kwevatsvene - iconography. Yakanga chete kubva mukupera kwezana remakore rechi16, vemifananidzo vanotanga kusika Portraits vanhu chaivo: enyika, paruzhinji uye tsika nenhamba. Izvi mhando ounyanzvi anonzi "parsuna" (mufananidzo basa akurukurwa pazasi). Izvi mhando yomufananidzo kupenda vakava kwakapararira munyika Russian, Belarusian uye Ukrainian tsika.

Parsuna - chii?

Zita iri pamusoro kupenda mhando akagashira kubva isiriyo rechiLatin rokuti nounhu - «nokuzivikanwa». Gedye panguva iyoyo inonzi mufananidzo mufananidzo muEurope. Parsuna - zita Generic mabasa wokuRussia, Ukrainian uye Belarusian portraiture kuguma 16-17th emakore, izvo rinobatanidza kamufananidzo-painting pamwe sezvazviri chaizvo dudziro. Ichi chinhu mangwanani uye yakati chinyakare Genre pamusoro portraiture, mune Russian kunyikadzimu. Parsuna - ndiye yepakutanga nowekuti ane ano yokuti "Mufananidzo", pasinei Nzira uye manyorerwo kunyora nguva.

The chidzoke rokuti

Muna 1851 zvakanzi rakabudiswa reShanduro "Antiquities yeRussian State", iro rine mienzaniso yakawanda. Chikamu chechina bhuku rakanga rakanyorwa Snegirevym I. M., uyo kutanga akaedza muchidimbu vose huripo zvinhu pamusoro nhoroondo Russian asian. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti munyori wokutanga akataura kuti parsuna kwakadaro. Zvisinei, sezvo masayendisiti rokuti shoko anenge chete kunyenga yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20 pashure Bhuku Kuznetsova, E. S., "Portrait muchiRussia uri pamusoro XVII remakore." Zvinonzi akasimbisa parsuna - ichi mangwanani easel portraiture kuguma 16-17th emakore.

Maitiro zviri Genre

Parsuna yakabuda panguva yezwi yenhoroondo wokuRussia, apo Ages nyika yakanga achirapwa kusanduka, izvo zvakazoita kuti chidzoke romubati zvinangwa zvitsva. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti basa iri mirayiridzo iri unyanzvi akasikwa Painters pakati yeZvombo - Ushakovym S. F., Odolska G., Bezminym I. A., Maksimov IV, Choglokovym M. I. nevamwe. Zvisinei, mabasa awa ounyanzvi kazhinji haana chasainwa creators ayo, saka kuzosimbisa vakanyora mamwe mabasa hazvibviri. Date kunyora yomufananidzo uyu zvakare pasina parinoratidza kuti kunokutadzisa pokugadzwa nenguva kutevedzana chokusika.

Parsuna - a Genre pamusoro portraiture, izvo akasimuka pasi pokudzora muzvikoro Western Europe. The tsika uye manyorerwo chetsamba chakasvitswa waibvira mavara uye runako mavara, asi achiri akaremekedza iconographic tsika. Kunopindirana parsuna heterogeneous zvose zvokunyama uye kwesayenzi nemashoko, uye stylistically. Zvisinei, zvose zviri zvinowanzoshandiswa mafuta pendi kusika mufananidzo pamusoro kanivhasi. Portrait mufananidzo ari kufambiswa zvimiso zvikuru, aiwanzoshandisa chero unhu kana siginicha naro unogona kuona uyo kuratidzwa.

Sezvo Lev Lifshits, Ph.D, vanyori parsuna ndakaedza haisiri kubudisa chiso zvinhu kana pfungwa yacho munhu anoratidzwa, vakatsvaka kuchengeta canons zvakajeka chidzitiro mharidzo nenhamba, izvo zvaizoita aenzane munhu nechinzvimbo kana chinzvimbo mienzaniso - mumiririri, mubati, Prince, ishe. Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani chii parsuna, chete kutarisa Portraits nguva.

mhando

To zvimwe kuronga makopi portraiture iyoyo, vatsoropodzi vemazuva ano kuziva zvinotevera parsuna Categories, yakavakirwa mudonzvo uye unyanzvi kuti kupenda:

- tempera mungarava, guva Portraits (Theodore A., Fyodor Ivanovich, Alexei Mikhailovich);

- Image vanoremekedzwa: machinda, vanokudzwa, vashandi (Lyutkin maberere Repnin, Naryshkin);

- Image Church akanyatsorongwa (Joachim, Nikon);

- "parsuna" kuvake.

"Wakajeka" ( "parsuna") kuvake

Izvi mhando zvinosanganisira mifananidzo kwevatsvene, idzo yokudhirowa aishandisa mafuta pendi (kanenge mu mavara akaturikidzana). Nzira kwemifananidzo akadai pedyo ainakidza European. "Parsuna" Icon ndohwaJehovha Transitional nguva kupenda. Pane zvinhu zviviri zvikuru nenyanzvi dzenhoroondo mafuta painting, inoshandiswa kumirira zviso vatsvene panguva:

- richiswedera pamusoro kanivhasi pachishandiswa rima pasi;

- Basa iri yemapuranga mujinga nechiedza ivhu.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti parsuna - izvi zvizere kudzidza Genre yomufananidzo wokuRussia kupenda. Uye tsika achaita kuti vakawanda kunakidza matongo munharaunda iyi.