MHK - zviri ... World Art. MHK: Renaissance

Zvakaoma vasingabvumirani sei kukuru basa munhoroondo nounyanzvi chero nguva. Nditongerei woga: zvidzidzo nhoroondo iri chikoro pashure nomumwe wenyaya kuna kudzidza enyika uye zvoupfumi mamiriro ezvinhu munyika chero nguva, vadzidzi vanokurudzirwa kugadzirira mishumo unyanzvi yaitonga iyi.

Uyewo nokufamba pachikoro nguva pfupi ichangopfuura mune zvakadai chinhu sezvo MCC. Haasi masanga zvachose, nekuti chero basa uri mumwe chakajeka kuratidzwa nguva iyo akasikwa, uye anobvumira kuti kutarisa nhoroondo yenyika kuburikidza meso Musiki, akaupa kuna chigadzirwa upenyu.

Tsanangudzo tsika

World tsika nemagariro, kana rakapfupikiswa MCC - rudzi paruzhinji tsika, iyo yakavakirwa yokufananidzira okusika uye kubereka kwenzanga uye vanhu, uyewo zvinhu zvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu hunhu nokumubhabhatidza kushandiswa uri nyanzvi uye zvavo tsika. Ndirwowo mananara uye dzinotsanagura tsika dzokunamata, anosika, anovapavhurira uye kugona zvinhu zvinhu uye mabasa ounyanzvi kuti vane aesthetic ukoshi. World Art rinosanganisira mifananidzo, zvivezwa, mapurani nhaka uye zvivako ounyanzvi uye rwokugadzira, uyewo kusiyana kwevanhu uye akasika nhengo dzayo mabasa.

Basa MCC sechinhu zvedzidzo pasi

Panguva kosi tsika nyika nayo Inoshandiswawo rakafara kusangana uye kunzwisisa tsika yokutaurirana pakutanga pamwe munhau upi nguva nguva, uyewo sayenzi munzanga.

Sezvambotaurwa, tsika nyika kunosanganisira zvose zvinoyevedza basa kuti yati kuroorana vanhu. mabhuku ichi, yemitambo, mumhanzi, kuona Arts. Isu kudzidza zvose kwemasayendisiti nechokuita zvose zvakasikwa uye kuchengetwa, uye kuwanda, zvisikwa uye kunyatsoongorora nhaka kwetsika. Kwete kuramba pakachengeteka ichimirira uye matambudziko chokuita urongwa kwohumwe upenyu nemagariro munzanga uye kurovedzwa mumayunivhesiti zvakakodzera vanokwanisa unyanzvi.

Sezvo nyaya MCC - nyaya iyi yose zvinoyevedza tsika pane ayo nomumwe mhuka.

Pfungwa nemagariro ichikosha

Cultural ichikosha kana tsika paradigm chinhu chisinganzwisisiki multifactorial chakajairika, ine mufananidzo imwe munhu ave mupenyu panguva imwe nguva uye kuita basa, uye nzanga yevanhu vane chete upenyu, upenyu mafungiro uye Mindset, ukoshi hurongwa.

Cultural paradigms kutsiva mumwe pamusana rudzi dzinongoitika uye netsika kusarudzwa nenzira kukurukurirana tsika uye itsva zvinoriumba, iyo anotakura unyanzvi. MCC sezvo kosi akaisa pacharo chinangwa kudzidza uye azvaiitwa.

Chii Renaissance

Imwe nguva inokosha kukura tsika ndiye Renaissance, kana rumutsiriro, mutemo iyo aifanira XIII-XVI emakore. uye kwakava kutanga New Time yaitonga. Pasi mukuru papi kukura kwebasa art.

Pashure kuderera muMiddle Ages unyanzvi Anotumbuka uye ichiraramisa antiikki hwokudhirowa uchenjeri. Panguva ino mune yokureva "kumutsidzirwa" rinoshandiswa Rinascita, rokuItari shoko, pashure kune vakawanda dzomuzana mumitauro yokuEurope, kusanganisira French Renaissance. unyanzvi Zvisikwa zvose, kunyanya kutarisana uri, kuva zvakasikwa «mutauro», izvo zvinoita kuti kuziva zvakavanzika zvakasikwa, uye pedyo nayo. Tenzi reproduces zvisikwa hakusi zvemasanga asi ruchigona vaifanira kubva Akasununguka, kuedza kupfuura Supreme. Rinotanga kukura yaizivikanwa kwatiri pfungwa runako, sayenzi dzinongoitika uye kuziva Mwari dzose nguva kuwirirana. Panguva Renaissance, uye unyanzvi anova murabhoritari, uye temberi.

periodization

Revival rakakamurwa wandei nguva. MuItaly - muna Renaissance kumba - akawanda nguva vaizivikanwa, izvo kubvira kare munyika. It Protorenessans (1260-1320 gg.), Pamwe kwaisanganisira munguva duecento (XIII c.). Uyezve, kwaiva nguva trecento (XIV mu.) Quattrocento (XV c.) Cinquecento (XVI mu.).

A mamwemazwi periodization rinokamukana nguva iri Early Renaissance (XIV-XV emakore.). Panguva ino, pane kukurukurirana pamusoro dzinokura itsva gothic, iyo creatively wakashandurwa. Panozotevera nguva, paavhareji, kana mukuru uye mushakabvu Renaissance, nzvimbo chaiyo akabhadhara Mannerism, dzinoratidzwa matambudziko Renaissance humanist tsika.

Uyewo, munyika dzakadai France uye Netherlands, yakatanga anonzi Northern Renaissance, apo chihombe basa reDare mukupera Gothic. Sezvo nhoroondo MCC inoti kumutsidzirwa kunooneka Eastern Europe: Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, uye Air nyika. Spain, muUK uye Portugal zvava kusimbiswa munyika dzavo yepakutanga Renaissance tsika.

Kwouzivi uye zvechitendero zvinoriumba of Renaissance

Kufungisisa vamiriri muuzivi iyi zvakadaro, kufanana Giordano Bruno, Nikolay Kuzansky, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Paracelsus, kuva akakodzera muna MCC dingindira okugadzira zvinhu zvokunamata, uyewo kurwira kodzero kudana "mwari chechipiri" Munhu uye shamwaridzana nevanhu naye.

Relevant, somunguva dzose, dambudziko pfungwa uye nokuzivikanwa, nerutendo muna Mwari uye simba rakakwirira. Tora nzvimbo somunhu nekuyanana, mwero, uye vemanyepo maonero mubvunzo uyu.

Man inotarisana sarudzo, uye Chechi iyoyo kuchinja hunosanganisira Renaissance kwete chete mukati MCC. Ndizvo kumutsidzirwa yetsika hwevanhu, inoparadzirwa kuburikidza zvesimba vatungamiriri vezvitendero zvose zvechitendero, kubva havaoni shandurudzo kusvikira vaJesuit.

The chikuru basa nenguva. A mashoko mashoma pamusoro Humanism

Nechemberi panguva Renaissance akaisa dzidzo murume mutsva. Shoko echiLatin humanitas, panobva shoko "Humanism" rinoenderana rechiGiriki rokuti "dzidzo".

kuti Senzira Renaissance Humanism rinokurudzira munhu nechokwadi kuti nhaka inokosha nguva uchenjeri yekare uye kuwana nzira nokuzviremekedza ruzivo uye kuzvidzora kuvandudzika. Pano pane Fusion zvakanakisisa taigona kupa dzimwe nguva vakasiya chiratidzo avo MCC. Renaissance akatora yekare nhaka kare, echitendero uye enyika Ages bumbiro kukudzwa, uye okusika simba yevanhu murangariro New Age, kusika neitsva uye zvinoita akakwana mhando maonero.

Renaissance munyaya dzakasiyana-siyana kwevanhu rikava basa

Panguva iyi, illusory mifananidzo naturopodobnye kutsiva mifananidzo, achiva pakati utsanzi. Achishingaira akanyorwa nharaunda, musha kupenda, mufananidzo. Ugovere akadhindwa achiita zvokutemera iri simbi uye pehuni. Kushanda vemifananidzo yokunyora nokudhirowa kuva pasina okugadzira zvinhu mhando. Mufananidzo illusory hunhu aripo akakura kupenda.

In mapurani, vanotungamirirwa kushingaira pfungwa ezvivako centric dzakakurumbira vari Proportional kuti temberi, nhare uye mapurani ensembles, zvichiita kumikidzo panyika, centric maonero-dzakarongeka horizontals.

Renaissance mabhuku dzinoratidzwa rudo yechiLatin sezvo mutauro wevanhu vakadzidza, parutivi mitauro yenyika uye yemo. Kuva nevakawanda Genres dzakadai picaresque yokufungidzira uye madhorobha yokufungidzira, umhare nhetembo enganonyorwa Ages knightly kutsika-dingindira, satire, choufudzi dzorudo. At yepamusoro zvinobatsira mumutambo dzemitambo kufuka Mitambo zvakawanda mazororo guta uye akasvibira dare extravaganzas, kuva chigadzirwa kuti mavara kwetunhu siyana unyanzvi siyana.

The mimhanzi kuwedzera kuzviomesera zvekuimba polyphony. Kuomesa kwakaita sezvamunoita, anoumba wokutanga chitarisiko Sonatas, kamera, Inn, uye kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi overtures. Secular nziyo pedyo ngano, chiri pamusoro ndima pamwe vezvitendero. Pane kuparadzana paku mumhanzi sechinhu yoga rudzi, zvino nguva yepamusorosoro - kusikwa dzakazara Solo nziyo operas uye oratorios. Panzvimbo yetemberi dhanzi anouya, uyo runotsiva mimhanzi tsika pakati.

Kazhinji, chikuru budiriro anova zvakanga kamwe Ages kusazivana ne mumwe, yemunyori okugadzira zvinhu. Naizvozvo, tsika nyika kunoita kuvandudza.

Renaissance titans

Hazvishamisi kuti yakadaro chinokosha kumutsidzirwa unyanzvi ndiko chaizvoizvo kubva madota kugona kuitika pasina vanhu pave zvisikwa zvavo tsika itsva. Gare gare, vakatanga pakunzi "titans" zvomupiro vakaita.

Protorenessans raimiririra Giotto, uye panguva Quatrocento vaipikisa mumwe zvinovaka kuzviomesera Mazachcho uye lyrical zvechokwadi basa Botticelli uye Angelico.

Avhareji, kana soro, kuti Renaissance dzinomiririrwa Raphael, Michelangelo uye chokwadi Leonardo da Vinci - the vemifananidzo kuti vava iconic pakupera kwezana New Age.

The yakakurumbira Renaissance mapurani Bramante vakatanga, Brunelleschi uye Palladio. Brueghel Mukuru, Van Eyck uye Bosch - Dutch Painters of Renaissance. Holbein Muduku Dürer, Cranach Mukuru akava havaoni Germany Renaissance.

Mabhuku iyi kuyeuka mazita akadai "Titans" masterov- sezvo Shakespeare, Petrarch, Cervantes, Rabelais, akapa nyika mashoko acho, dzorudo, uye mutambo uye vakaita mupiro paumbwe mitauro chaiko kunyika dzavo.

Pasina mubvunzo, Renaissance chave kukura vakawanda munzvimbo ounyanzvi uye zvakasimbisa pakusika vatsva. Hazvizivikanwi chii kwaizova nhoroondo tsika yenyika, kana yakanga isiri nguva. Zvichida venguva iwe nhasi vaisapemberera akakonzera rinofadza rakadaro, dzokugara vakawanda mabhuku, nziyo, uye iwe haana kuvapo zvachose. Kana zvichida zvose chii taishandisa kusonganira dzekare unyanzvi, aizooneka, asi kwemakore akawanda kana kuti kunyange mazana emakore gare gare. Chero nzira zviitiko, nhoroondo haashiviriri ari SUBJUNCTIVE kumunetsawo. Uye zviripachena chimwe chete chinhu: kunyange nhasi watinoyemura mabasa iyi, uye kamwe zvakare zvinoratidza kukosha kwayo muupenyu tsika munharaunda.