Mujinga dehenya. Chii mapfupa vanoumba mujinga dehenya

The dehenya kwevanhu chinomiririra chinokosha pakuderedza pamusoro zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa. The muunganidzwa mapfupa musoro - urongwa kuti marondedzerero chimiro chayo uye kushumira mudziyo nokuda uropi uye kutsinga dzinouya zvomukati. Uyezve, muna dehenya riri zvimwe zvinhu zviri kufema uye zvomudumbu nehurongwa. Nemapfupa ake akawanda zvakabatanidzwa tsandanyama, kusanganisira chiso uye dög. Kusiyanisa pakati zvinotevera mapoka kwevanhu dehenya: chiso uye pfungwa, asi kuzopesanisa iyi sezvo zvemasanga, sezvazvakaita weboka kuva yakatarwa nechigadziko. Nokuti vazhinji cranial pfupa ane kunzwisisa mugari chimiro. Vari chokuita mumwe nokuda vazvo kuti siyana. The chete chinjwa vadyi ari marangwanda musoro - ndiro temporomandibular vadyi, munyaya muitiro kutsenga uye matauriro.

Anatomy womunhu dehenya: uropi dhipatimendi

Dhipatimendi iri rine idenderedzwa chimiro uye rine uropi. Skull akaumba unpaired (occipital, frontal uye sphenoid) uye chiutsi (zvenyama parietal) mapfupa. Inzwi Its anenge 1500 CC. Nekungobvunza zviri mupfungwa dzevanhu ndiyo dhipatimendi chiso. Upper mapfupa cranial - kumeso (kubva) uye sandarara. Zvinoitika mutete, asi dzakasimba ndiro, riri mu mumwongo. dehenya dzevanhu, Photo iyo chinopiwa pazasi - yakaoma uye akakwana chivakwa, mumwe chinhu chine ayo pachake nerevane.

hofisi kumberi

Kana chiso chako nharaunda, zvino ikarapwa aiwanzopiwa wokushanda maxillary uye zygomatic mapfupa, unpaired mandibular, palatal, afoot, hyoid mapfupa uye lacrimal, vomer, nasal pfupa uye isinganaki turbinate. Mazino uyewo yavlyutsya chikamu chako dehenya. A maitiro chepfungwa unpaired mapfupa dhipatimendi - kuvapo mavari mhepo in, izvo inoshandiswa kumbogadzirwa kuti mudziye mukati mitumbi. mapfupa aya vanoumba rusvingo nemumuromo uye nasal in, uyewo zvigadziko. Chimiro chavo uye munhu unhu nokuramba dzakasiyana-siyana pameso hazvishandi.

kukura Features

kwevanhu dehenya anatomi yagara adzidza, asi achiri chinoshamisa. Mukuita achikura, uye ipapo kukwegura, chimiro musoro zvinosiyana sekleta. Zvinozivikanwa kuti vacheche ukama pakati chiso uye chepfungwa madhipatimendi havasi zvakadai muna vakuru: wechipiri chinokurira. Skull ane achangoberekwa mvere, unobva majoini hwokuratidza elasticity. Uyezve, mapfupa varipo pakati kwedenga migove connective zvinyama kana fontanels. Vanoita kuti tikwanise zvaizopedza chikamu cranium pakusununguka pasina uropi. Pakazosvika gore upenyu rechipiri fontanels "vakaatsinzina"; musoro anotanga kuwedzera zvinoshamisa kukura. Makore manomwe shure uye akaumba nechemberi, mazino mukaka inotsiviwa chizvarwa. Makore anosvika 13 okuberekwa nzvimbo uye mujinga dehenya kukura zvakaenzana uye haakurumidzi. Kwozouya kwezana frontal uye chiso madhipatimendi. Pashure pemakore 13 inotanga kuratidza bonde kusiyana. In vakomana, kuti dehenya hunowedzera elongated uye kuzorodzwa, mune vasikana iri vakagumisa kumeso. Sezvineiwo, vakadzi uwandu uropi dhipatimendi zvishoma pane vanhu (kubvira kwavo marangwanda pfungwa muduku hono ukuru).

Zvishoma pamusoro zera ravo

The chakarebesa kuramba kukura uye kusimudzira chiso chako nharaunda, asi pashure 20-25 makore uye seiyi. Paaizosvika murume-gore 30-vane vana vane makore anotanga kukura vazvo. In vakwegura pane kuderera pakati elasticity uye simba mapfupa (kusanganisira musoro), pane deformation pamusoro chiso nharaunda (zvikurukuru nokuda mavende uye Kuipa masticatory shanda). Human dehenya, vane mifananidzo inogona kuonekwa pazasi, ndezvaiye mutana, uye zviri pachena pakarepo.

Arch nehwaro

Brain dehenya rinoumbwa zviviri dzisakarurama zvikamu. Muganhu pakati pavo kunosvika zvishoma pazasi mutsetse vachimhanya kubva kumucheto kusvikira infraorbital zygomatic muitiro. It rinobatana pamwechete suture achikanganisa-zygomatic ipapo wakapfuura pamusoro kwokunze acoustic yokutanga uye anosvika occipital muhomba. Nemaziso nzvimbo uye mujinga dehenya vasina miganhu zvakajeka, saka kupesana pane zvinodiwa.

Chinhu pamusoro ichi ine muganhu mutsetse, rinozivikanwa penzvimbo kana padenga. Arch akaumba nokuda parietal uye mapfupa frontal uye occipital uye mapfupa nezvenyama. Zvese kwedenga - sandarara.

Mujinga chete - ndiye rezasi chikamu dehenya. yakakura yaiva kwayo pakati. Therethrough cranial mhango chokuita vertebral mugero. Kunewo zvakawanda mishonga kuti tsinga nemidziyo ropa.

Chii mapfupa vanoumba mujinga dehenya

The divi pose nechigadziko vari inoumbwa aiwanzopiwa wokushanda rwepanyama pfupa (chaipo, zvikero dzavo). Shure kwavari anonyatsoenderana occipital pfupa, iro rine hemispherical chimiro. Inoitwa anoverengeka sandara zvikamu, izvo makore 3-6 iri fused chose kupinda chimwe. Pakati pavo iri huru buri. Kutaura zvazviri, mujinga dehenya hakungorevi chikamu basilar uye Anterior occipital pfupa.

Chimwe chikamu chinokosha zvitsigiro - the sphenoid pfupa. It chinobatanidza pamwe cheekbones, iyo opener uye lacrimal mapfupa, uye kuwedzera kwavari - pamwe kare kutaurwa occipital nezvenyama.

ZveCuneiform pfupa rinoumbwa guru uye zviduku urongwa, uye mapapiro muviri wake pachake. Hazvina zvakafanana, ichibata uye chakafanana shavishavi kana beetles nemapapiro vakapararira. pamusoro wayo gogonera, nematambudziko, dzakawanda anorovera, dzinokanganisa uye maburi. Kubva occipital mapfupa achikanganisa kunofambidzana sinhrondozom.

hwaro mukati

Pemvura yomukati nechigadziko - gogonera concave yakakamurwa chaiyo kwakadzikira. It recapitulates uropi kwakaita nzvimbo yacho. zvemukati dehenya garo zvinosanganisira makomba zvitatu: shure, pakati uye mberi. Wokutanga izvi ndiyo yakadzika uye capacious. It chakaumbwa zvikamu occipital, sphenoid, parietal pfupa, uyewo rwemberi pechiso chepiramidhi. The posterior fossa iri kumativi buri, izvo asiwo occipital rwomumwoyo protrusion occipital penyika.

Pasi pakati fossa vari: sphenoid pfupa, scaly penyika zvenyama mapfupa uye pamberi pechiso chepiramidhi. Pakati munhu anonzi Turkish Chigaro, izvo dzimba kuti pituitary. To mujinga sella zvakakodzera carotid sulcus. Side zvikamu pakati fossa wakandibaya, maburi dzakawanda vari chinangwa utano hwake (kusanganisira zvinhu).

Maererano pamberi nechigadziko, izvozvo achiumbwa bapiro duku pakati sphenoid pfupa, orbital chikamu frontal uye ethmoid pfupa. Kushumira (nechepakati) chikamu fossa inonzi Cockscomb.

yokunze pamusoro

Chii mujinga dehenya kubva kunze? Chekutanga, ayo nechemberi (izvo kusiyanisa mukanwa mapfupa, mazino, uye zvishoma maxillary alveolar pezvakaitwa) chiso mapfupa. Chechipiri, rwemberi nechigadziko aumbwa vaparadzana epanyama, occipital mapfupa. Sezvo pane zvakasiyana-siyana makomba kwemutemo tsinga uye utano hwake. The nechepakati mugove zvitsigiro Anofukidza foramen magnum, kumativi inova zita condyles chete. Vari nechokuita remuromo vertebral mbiru. On rokunze pose nechigadziko uyewo riri styloid uye mastoid pterygoid pfupa sphenoid uye vakawanda mumakomba (jugular, stylomastoid) uye makwara.

kukuvara

Mujinga dehenya, Sezvineiwo, kwete vanotambura somunhu yakatarwa. Kukuvadza chikamu ichi vari dererei, asi vane zvakakomba. Muzviitiko zvizhinji vanovakonzera vari kuwa kubva kureba kwazvo, uchiteverwa kumhara pamusoro kana nemakumbo, tsaona uye anorovera pane yepazasi rushaya uye mujinga mhino. Kakawanda somugumisiro zviito zvakadaro zvakakanganisa zvenyama pfupa. Mitswe garo akaperekedza liquorrhea (yapfuura kuti cerebrospinal mvura kubva nzeve kana kubva mhino), bleedings.

Kana dzaparadzwa yacho Anterior cranial fossa, akaumba minyato kumativi maziso, kana paavhareji - minyato munharaunda yacho mastoid kwacho. Kunze liquorrhea uye nekudeura ropa mujinga mitswe zvingaitika kunzwa kurasikirwa, kurasikirwa kuravidza, muviri, uye kukuvadza utano hwake.

Kukuvara dehenya nechigadziko kunotungamirira panguva yakanakisisa curvature yacho nomuzongoza, akaipisisa - kupedza kuoma (kubva zvinoguma kwakakanganiswa kutaurirana pakati CNS uye pfungwa). Vanhu vakambova mitswe iyi mhando vanowanzotambura yomumuzongoza.