Ndezvipi yakatarwa-pamusoro bhokisi: zvazvinoreva uye chiperengo

shoko chero ine zvikamu, izvo mune zvemutauro inonzi morphemes. Chinonyanya kukosha kwavari - mudzi. It nderei rinoreva. Iye - sezvinoita imba pazvitendero, iyo wanamatira zvakasiyana-siyana zvivako muchimiro suffixes (affixes) uye prefixes (prefixes) uye enzanirana, pazvinobvira, uye mugumo. Uye pashure ose zvakadai rokuvaka basa kumba kunogona siyana zvikuru. Zvakakodzera kuti kuteerera mberi, uye unofanira kuziva: ndezvipi prefixes kuti kupa matswa shoko uye hakuna kuipa ikoko ngozi.

Ndezvipi prefixes

Chii anomira pamberi mudzi, pakutanga shoko, uye pane chivakashure. Chivakashure rinoreva chinangwa. morphemes, sezvo iri rinonyanya nerevane ndiyo dzidzo. Pasinei nokuti shoko haagoni kuva chete-pamusoro bhokisi (vaviri, vatatu), zvose zvakanyorwa pamwe chete. Asi kuzviita pasina kukanganisa kunogona chete kuziva zvimwe mitemo.

Mumutauro ano Russian ane zvinopfuura 70 prefixes. Zvechokwadi, kwete mumwe wavo chiperengo kudzorwa nokutonga. Ndezvipi prefixes ava zvinhu zvinogona kuwanikwa nokuongorora mapoka makuru matatu:

- yunifomu chiperengo. It prefixes kuti havasi mukuwirirana vaviri. Somuenzaniso, B kana O (nokuti hakuna f- a- kana inonyaradza). Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira: za-, Ko, PA-, po-, Su, y, nezvimwewo;

- kunyanya achinyora prefixes vachipedzisira "s" kana "c". chivakashure ichi akadai kuparadzirwa (yakasiyana) nis- (pasi), magumo (haana). Kana yakatarwa-pamusoro bhokisi inokosha mune nzvanyira, zvakakodzera kunyorera pakupera "z" kana - matsi, ipapo - "c";

- pri- chivakashure chi- uye hanzvadzi yake. kushandiswa prefixes izvi Error isina zvinoenderana yakarurama kunzwisisa kukosha kuti vauye pasi.

Ndezvipi yakatarwa-pamusoro bhokisi kubudikidza mavambo

Inonyaradza akakamurwa wokuRussia uye wokumwe mutauro nemakore. Aimbova dzinosanganisira:

- po-, B- The hama, HA, kusava kumusoro, pri-, kureva prefixes zvingasakwaniswa pretexts;

- PA-uye zvakanaka - zviri yechinyakare, asi achiri kuwanikwa mashoko akadai mwanasikana wokurera, mafashamo, zimbuya;

- inter-, mushure mokumuka, extra-, vozle-, kuvengwa, kamwe inonyaradza izvi zvaiva Adverbial Zvireva mwene, asi akazova nhengo shoko.

Ndivo vatorwa mavambo:

- chivakashure pamwe tsamba "munhu" (muchiGiriki): Anti-vanhu, mhombwe, ruchikosha;

- pakaunda, chakazara, kuodzwa, Pe, Ultra, anotsanangu-, vachinja, extra- (Latin): tsamwisa, demobilization, Vachinyunyuta neKusharwa kweVanhu, regression, ultrafilter, aimbova shasha;

- eu-, eu- (ev-) - munhu chivakashure Greek rinoreva "chipo." Somuenzaniso, New-Angel (nhau chaiyo), EU-utachiona (utachiona kurudyi);

- des- (French): disorganization, tisare.

Zvino howa nenhindi vari prefixed pamwe o-

Kakawanda yatisingafungi pamusoro chii ndiwo prefixes mashoko. Uye sei kuzvishandisa anochinja pakutanga zvichinje. Somuenzaniso, munhu wose anoziva kuti "chigutsa". Ngativerengei kuwedzera chivakashure uye suffix o- -tuples. Somugumisiro, tinowana shoko "uchi agaric." Musafunga kuti chinhu chakuvhe inokura chigutsa. The riripo kunzwisisa shoko rinopa mashoko chivakashure o-, inomiririra kuwedzerwa kunhivi chinhu. Saka howa hadzina kuiswa chigutsa, uye rakapoteredzwa.

Kana unoyeuka kukanganisa, misprint, typo kana vakakanganisa, munhu anogona kuona kuti chivakashure o- ine chimwe chirevo - rairatidza zvakaipa, kukurumidza chiito. Uye kana ukateerera mashoko: banzurwa, kuti garo, chigutsa, stub, inova pachena anoreva itsva imwe chivakashure - musoro PARTICIPLE, tinowana pashure kugara nayo.

Musiyano chi- uye pri-

Nokuti yakarurama chiperengo inonyaradza izvi vanofanira zvakajeka kuziva zvinoreva mashoko umo vari kushandiswa. Enzanisa uye nani rangarira unofanira tafura kusika

Zvakafanana inzwi, saka siyana kuti tsamba

Kune mashoko, apo chivakashure chi- (Uyewo) anotakura inokosha zvinoreva, uye pano zvinokosha kuti zvikanganiso, zvikasadaro kukosha zvichachinja zvachose. Unogona chete kusvika kumwewo uye chinhu, uye pano kugara - zvinoreva kuti kune imwe nzvimbo kuti. Somuenzaniso, kusvika nechitima kuti chezvitima, asi kuramba hanya mumotokari.

Saka pedyo mune ruzha maviri mumutauro wokuRussia zvizhinji. Nzwisisa kunyora kwavo kwakarurama, unogona chete kuziva mutauro wokuRussia: ndezvipi yakatarwa-pamusoro bhokisi mune imwe pfungwa, uye iyo - mune dzimwe. Uye ipapo musingadi kunyonganisa verbs mumusoro "panyaya kuva" (pokugara) uye "anoshora" (hanya, kusateerera).

Zvinofanira zvachose kuyeuka kuti mugamuchiri - ndizvo zvinotora mutsivi - zvinotora pamusoro ruzivo yomumwe chinzvimbo. Anogona kuisa chimwe chinhu kurusvingo, asi munhu chete kukotamira pamberi chii akakodzera kuremekedza. Kana chigadzirwa inokurudzirwa kuumba, akabva kune mumwe kuchangoita hope, zvinangwa. Kuva kukwanisa chete hwindo kana musuo, uye vakauya kuna upenyu kurota uye nepfungwa.

Zvishoma pamusoro chiperengo

Mumutauro wedu pane inonyaradza kuti vanoparadzaniswa ne hyphen mashoko. Kune chete matatu: po-, ndima (rakennus) uye lehmä. We makatumidzwa -ski, -tski, -ku, -emu, -th - the chivakashure po-: noupenzi, yazvo nzira, muna Volzhsky, mu tsuro. Isu zvisazitasingwi pasina rokuti zvakanyorwa hyphen lehmä: mumwe munhu, neimwe nzira. Mashoko chete yokusuma inoitwa sezvinotevera: "Third", "wechipiri", "rinowanika".

Pane mumwe mutemo chokuita inonyaradza uye kakawanda kukanganwa kushandisa zvakanyorwa, anotungamirirwa emashoko mumwe chete. Ndiwo pakusarudza mavhawero "Ini" uye "s" kutevera chivakashure. Panyaya iyi, chiperengo hakusi nokuti, ndedzipi prefixes uye kutanga mudzi tsamba. Izvi zvinoshanda ose mashoko "Ini": kutamba, kutsvaka, nhoroondo, chinokosha pfungwa, uye zvichingodaro ..

Kana chivakashure rinowanikwa mavari pakupera iyo, maererano, mushure nesipereti "s". somuenzaniso: kutamba, kuwana, prehistory, nevasina tsika dzakanaka. mutemo uyu ane Kunze:

- slozhnosokraschennye mashoko: michina mitambo, mudzidzisi wacho wepakoreji;

- vatariri;

- chivakashure super- uye inter-: sverhinteresny, Inter-zvechechi;

- mutauro prefixes: counterplay, subinspektor, Post-Impressionism.

Takaedza pfungwa huru dzinokosha prefixes upenyu chokuita zvinorehwa dzavo uye zviperengo, nekuti ichi morpheme shoma kutakura yakawanda mupfungwa.