Ndezvipi zviri STRUCTURAL zviri Moss? The nemamiriro chikwindi "Kukushkin Mufurakisi"

Ndezvipi zviri STRUCTURAL zviri Moss? Maererano mamiriro avo, akafanana matope, asi, kusiyana navo, ruzhinji mhando mosses vane dzinde uye mashizha. Rhizoids chakatodzana midzi kuvabatsira kuti varambe pamusoro pemvura uye kufambisa mvura. For mosses ari dzinoratidzwa kumbonyanya-siyana nzvimbo. Vazhinji vavo vanosarudza nyoro, unyengeri nzvimbo, kazhinji kumativi chawo miti. Asi kune vaya vanoda chiedza, uye kukura sezvo epiphytes pamapazi emiti kana yakazaruka munzvimbo dzakadai mahombekombe nevhu njanji mucheto. All sphagnum kana peat mosses kukura pamusoro madhamu uye marshes imire apo mvura gore rose.

chitarisiko

mosses Most - duku, mutema vachiwaridza zvinomera, vasiyana ivhu, iyo nemakwati miti kana matombo pamwe matete shinda-kufanana midzi inonzi rhizoids ose. Dzimwe angava chete twasu madzinde, nepo vamwe mapazi madzinde akafanana dzakapfavirira munyoro makapeti, kufukidza pasi. In New Zealand, chikuru chikwindi inokura (Dawson Superba), kusvika nekukwirira hafu meter, asi vakawanda mhando vasvike pamusoro 1-2 masendimita kureba.

Survival utsinye ezvinhu

tenzi izvi anabiosis zvakadai mosses, anogona kukunda mukuru tembiricha (70 ° C) kwenguva refu, uye ivo kuupenyu vaine kudzoka mwando zvakare. Uku chimiro zvinoshamisa muupenyu pachamera zvakadzama, zvakadzika masango nemapako apo chiedza kusimba chiri kwakakwanira wakakodzera kukura zvimwe minyoro. Pamatunhu kweArctic mosses tiri rimwe shoma chirimwa siyana anogona kurarama pachando dzinoparadza. Zhinji mhando dzingabatsira pakuva nesimba kuti muzadzise makatsemuka uye crevices apo miti yakawanda nyore haaizorarama. Havafi kunyange rakaoma. In akaoma nguva, muviri wavo kunozvifumbira pasi kusvikira mvura regai kuuya shure kana ivo vakatanga zvakare, uye zvose mashandiro zvoupenyu zviri rakadzorerwa. Izvi zvinobatsira kunyanya mosses marongerwo. Izvi chinyakare zvirimwa vanoonekwa kuva pakati wokutanga uyo zvave kukwanisa kurarama panyika.

ubiquitous kusawirirana

Rakapa Moss spores vanokwanisa kufamba nzendo refu mumhepo uye kuramba kwemakumi emakore. Mushure kunyaradzwa ivo vagadzirise uye vanotanga kubudisa mvere filaments. Kubva spores imere filaments kuti vasiyana pamusoro achishandisa rhizoids. The mamiriro aimiririrwa chikwindi gametophyte, zvinosanganisira hunde uye kunosiya, apo photosynthesis rinoitwa, panguva iyo chezuva ari kutendeuka kuva zvinovaka simba. Ndezvipi zviri STRUCTURAL zviri Moss? Mosses vane zvizere shizha pachinzvimbo pamadzinde akaronga spirally tuduku zvinoshandiswa muchimiro sandara flakes kana flakes.

Mosses: mamiriro uye kubereka

Kunyange zvazvo mosses regai anotumbuka, dzimwe mhando awo vane varume sikarudzi chingaratidzika kufanana zvishoma mutema ruva misoro. Kubereka kunoitika pachena mumhepo, zvakavigwa mukati ruva. Anterozoidy iripo muhomwe duku, kuitira kuti isa fotereza zai masero akavakidzana. The hunde ane spore Kamudzira, rinonzi sporangia, izvozvo zvinogona kusvika miriyoni spores. Ichiibvira anotora nzvimbo pasi unhani chaiyo iyo unoomesa uye rinowira apo haichashandi. Yakura spores vanosunungurwa uye kusiya Kamudzira kuumba zvirimwa itsva.
Mosses regai chete pakuti zvepabonde kubereka. Gametophytes ndiwo makamuri kushandiswa mabhora akabatanidzwa kwavari. Kana rimwe pbokovyh obegov akavhuniwa, kuti mumwe masero nyore rakakwana vanoumba itsva. Izvi zvinoita kupona zvinomera pasi nematambudziko ezvinhu. Zvakakurukurwa sechivako Moss, nyore kugadzira uye vashoma nzira kubereka dzinovabvumira kuwana dzinogarisana kwose kwose vachibva kweArctic Circle kusvikira neequator. Zviri zvinoshamisa kugadzikana uye ichiita mabasa akawanda chirimwa.

Biology uye Evolution

Pane kufungidzira kuti mosses ndivo baba zvose pano zvirimwa zvakafanana. sayenzi yemazuva rinozivisa zvinopfuura 10 000 marudzi kuti dzakashandisa zvakasiyana-siyana nzvimbo, kubva kurenje mvura miviri. Pasinei chokuti Moss yakarongeka zvayakaita nyore, gametophytes ane mhando dzakasiyana emasero. Achipindura kupera muviri, tinovandudza zviparadzanise masero uye kusiyanisa kupinda akasungirirawo masero mikobvu, kuti vanosangana chiite sero rufu. Life Tinoenderera mberi pashure kana chirimwa anopinda zvakanaka ezvinhu. Mosses vakakwanisa kuchengeta chinyakare chokuita muchitokisi mamiriro uye sezvamunoita, uyewo zvinoshamisa kukwanisa kuchinja kuti akabvumira kuti vazadze zvakasiyana siyana nzvimbo.

Zvakakurukurwa chacho

Ndezvipi zviri STRUCTURAL zviri Moss? The maumbirwo rinosanganisira hunde, mashizha, uye axillary bvudzi rizoiday. The hunde Kazhinji riine duku epidermal masero paukobvu, uye conductive dzakaonda-akavakirirwa parenchyma masero masero. masero Conductive zvinosanganisira hydroids uye leptoidy. The mashizha Kazhinji raiumbwa chete rukoko masero, kunze mutsinga uye minda izvo zvinogona kuva anoverengeka akaturikidzana nemasero kusiyaniswa. On the hunde ikoko sporophyte, sporangia, spores, idzo panofanira unyanzvi muchitokisi mhando.

Advantages Moss mamiriro

Ndezvipi zviri STRUCTURAL zviri chikwindi, takawana, uye ikozvino vanofanira kufunga kwavo STRUCTURAL zvaizomunakira. Sezvo mosses kuwana zvose zvinovaka muviri kubva mumhepo, sezvo kumidzi chaivo vane, chirimwa undemanding ichi chete mumvuri kunodiwa, iine acid ivhu uye zvakakwana nounyoro. The vaifarira tunogara shoma nevhu pamwe yakaderera inotonhorera siyana. Kuwedzera kwadzakabva yokuva anochinjika zvakanaka, mosses vane unyanzvi zvakanaka kubudisa vhoriyamu rejira zvinosanganisira rimwe muchitokisi mhando huru, uyewo nokukurumidza patsva kuti protoplasts muchitokisi rusvingo.

Kukushkin Mufurakisi

Sechivako chikwindi Kukushkin neshinda munhuwo anoratidza mutete brownish madzinde, dzine akafukidza duku rima egirini. Zviri perennial chirimwa kazhinji anofukidza nyorova nzvimbo gobvu makapeti, rinoshandiswa kwezvokurapa zvinangwa. Kukushkin neshinda muchikura achinaya mvura, wetlands, makomo, masango uye Mafuro. Anoumba paiva turf kana akabatanidza imwe chichiitwa batana kanopi. Perennial vachiwaridza Moss madzinde zvikuru guru. In yepazasi chikamu hunde rhizoids kuva (analoginen chinyakare midzi).

Next Nde chinjikira dzakanzi pasina mashizha. Zvadaro, yechipiri twasu hunde kureba masendimita 15. Munhu zviitiko anogona kusvika masendimita 30. Dzine The hunde yechipiri kufukidza akatodzana mashizha. The womukati maumbirwo chikwindi Kukushkin aimiririra yakasarira vascular maitiro kuburikidza nemvura uye zvinovaka muviri kufamba kuburikidza hunde kuti mashizha. Vamwe masero hunde vari elongated uye zvakabatana vaviri vaviri, vari chinangwa chete chacho mvura. Mashizha maduku ari hunde hakuiti kukura, asi vanoramba vari muchimiro flakes.