Nheyo dzehutungamiri hwehurumende muhurongwa hwekugadzirisa hupfumi

Mune mararamiro ehupenyu, vanhu vanobatana muzvikamu zvose zvevanhu: hupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, zvehupfumi, zvehupfumi. Asi musana wezvinhu izvi zvose zvinopindirana ndezvenyaya yehupfumi, basa rezvemari. Muchiitiko chebasa iri uye muhukama hwakabatana nekugadzirwa, kushandiswa, kushandiswa kwemigumisiro yaro - zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana - vanhu vazhinji havazivi uye havafungi nezvido zvevamwe vanhu, mararamiro avo ehupenyu, mibairo, nezvimwewo, asi vanoita maererano nezvinodiwa zvavo Uye zvinoda.

Asi kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti zviito zvevanhu neboka uye zvehukama hazvisviki mhirizhonga, asi zvinotungamirirwa mune imwe nzira, imwe nzira yepamutemo nemitemo, mitero, rubatsiro rwemagariro evanhu, nzira dzedzidzo nekurerwa kwevana vaduku, mitemo yehupenyu hwevanhu hwezuva nezuva inogadzirwa uye inoshanda munzanga. Zvose zvakasiyana zvezviito zvemitemo iyi, mitemo, mararamiro ehutano ndiwo maitiro ehutungamiri ehutungamiri hwevanhu uye inotungamirirwa nehurongwa huripo hwekutonga umo hurumende inobata basa rinokosha.

Iyo pfungwa nemitemo yehutungamiri hwevanhu munharaunda yemazuva ano inosiyanisa miviri miviri mikuru yebumbiro rehurumende rehurumende:

1) mitemo yezvehupfumi inobata mararamiro, kupinda mumamiriro ezvinhu kana maitiro ekushandira mune imwe shamba (semuenzaniso, materevhizheni, gesi uye mvura);

2) mutemo wehutano hwevanhu hunotarirwa kuderedza kusanganisa kwezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nemabasa emabhizimisi evanhu (somuenzaniso, kusvibiswa kwemvura uye emhepo kana kuumba mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisidzira utano nekuchengetedzwa kwevashandi nevatengi).

Kunyatsotsanangura izvi, masayendisiti anotaura kuti hurumende inogona kukurudzira kubudirira kwehupfumi kuburikidza nekubvumirwa kwekodzero dzepfuma chaiyo uye kutonga pamusoro pekuchengetedza kwavo, uyewo kuburikidza nemitemo yehutungamiri hwehurumende mundima yekutengeserana.

Panguva imwecheteyo, economists, kunyanya muzana remakore rechi20, rakabudirira pakuwana dzimwe nzira dzakawanda iyo hurumende dzinogona kukurudzira kukura kwehupfumi. Zvose zvavo zvakabatana nekukundikana kwematengesi emisika mukati mehupfumi hwehupfumi. Vakaratidza kuti mari yepamusika inobatsira apo kodzero dzepfuma dzinonyatsosimbiswa uye dzinodzivirirwa apo kukwikwidzana kwakaoma uye ruzivo runowanikwa nyore nyore. Zvisinei, kana pasina kana imwe yemamiriro ezvinhu aya, nzira dzekutengeserana dzingakundikana, uye sarudzo haichazobvumirane nekutsvaga. Ndiyo apo mazano ehurumende anotonga anoshanda.

Muhurongwa hwehutungamiri hwehuruzhinji , hutano uye hutemo uye sangano rehurongwa zvinosarudzwa.

Vaya vane ruzivo rwemagariro evanhu ndevokutanga. Iyo inoshandiswa pasinei nehuwandu hwemuviri unoita mabasa ehurumende. Basa ravo rinokonzerwa nekuti ivo vanosarudza mitemo yehutano hwehurumende. Nheyo dzinowirirana ndezvekuti: mutemo uye kurangwa, kushaya chinangwa, kubudirira, kugadzikana, kusanganiswa kwekutanga uye hurumende.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu ehurongwa hwekushandura hurumende dzezvematongerwo enyika, basa rekutonga rehurumende munguva yekuendeswa kwemakambani zvinowedzera zvikuru. Chiitiko chekusimudzirwa kwenyika kunogutsikana kuti kutonga kwezvinhu zvinokosha kunoramba kuri hurumende kwete chete mukugadzirwa kwemabhizimusi makuru, asiwo mukugadzirira zviratidzo zvikuru zvekusimudzira hupfumi. Pachikonzero cheizvi, pamwe chete nezvakaitika, hurumende mune humwe hutano hwayo hwepamusoro, hunoita zvirongwa zvekugara kwenguva refu uye kwenguva pfupi, inoronga zviratidzo zvikuru zvemasimba ezvematongerwe enyika uye zvemagariro evanhu. Inoshandisawo mitemo yehutungamiri hwevanhu uye hutungamiri hunogadziriswa hwehutano hwekuparadzanisa kwepfuma uye kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi.

Mukuwedzera, mitumbi yehurumende inoshandisa antimonopoly mutemo, iyo inobvumira kushandisa simba pamusoro pemari. Ihurumende yehurumende ndiyo kukurudzirwa nekushandiswa kwematongerwo enyika.

Kuziva simba rechokwadi kwete chete mune zvematongerwe enyika, asiwo mune zvematongerwo enyika, nyika inogadzirisa kushandiswa kwemari yebhajamiro pakuumbwa kwekwikwidzana kwehutano hwakanaka hwehupfumi hwenyika yose, inoita kuti ruzivo rwekutanga ruve ruzivo rwemagariro evanhu anonyanya kukosha uye mabasa.