Oil reserves nenyika: chepamusoro inoti

Mafuta unowanzonzi dema ndarama modernity. The reserves mafuta kunyika anoparadzirwa vanoiswa. Zvisinei, mune mafuta ichi nhasi vanoda zvose.

Oiri - Inobatsira Zvisaririra № 1

Shoko petroleum, inomiririra mafuta mumitauro yakawanda, ane midzi maviri. Mumwe wavo, "Peter" - muchiLatin, uye rinoreva "dombo". Chechipiri, "oleum" - Greek uye anoshandura se "mafuta". Saka, mafuta chaizvoizvo - a "mafuta dombo" (kureva, mafuta, abudisa kubva pasi).

Zvinozivikanwa kuti mafuta ari kushingaira yaishandiswa India yekare (rokuvaka), muBhabhironi (yokusasika zvitunha), in Ancient Greece (sezvo huni). Kutanga okutanga emakore remakore rechimakumi maviri, zvinova huru kunobva simba panyika.

Saka chii mafuta? Izvi jikichira mvura rwokuzvarwa mavambo randinogara rine muzvizhinji kuti Mahydrocarbon siyana. Ruvara ichi zvinhu zvinogona zvakasiyana kubva mupfumi mutema yeyero uye kunyange manyoro. Munhuwi mafuta - yakananga uye kazhinji kusingafadzi, nokuda kwayo makemikari anoumba.

The reserves mafuta kunyika dziri chaizvo unequally anoparadzirwa. Kumboda minda guru reko vari kugara munyika dzine pamwe pamberi simba pakavha sedimentary matombo.

Countries pamwe reserves kupfuura mafuta (pa capita) - ichi Kuwait, Kuwait, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela uye Libya. Panzira, kana iwe kuverenga zvachose reserves chemafuta Kuwait tichitarisa mari, izvozvo vachabuda kuti mugari ose munyika nezvokuvandudzika anenge mabhiriyoni 6 emadhora!

Kushandiswa mafuta munyika nhasi

Mafuta ayo mbishi chimiro iri rinenge kumboshandisa. Kuti vawane zvigadzirwa zvazviri anokosha (peturu, zvokufembedzwa, etc.), chinofanira kupatsanurwa chaihwo zvirimwa.

Kunze nokuti mafuta - ndicho chinhu chinokosha chaizvo simba zvekuvaka, zviri kushandiswa pakugadzira mapurasitiki, plasticizers siyana uye yokuvirisa, madhayi, chakaita zvokugadzirwa rabha.

Oiri - a ruzivo kuti ane uwandu zvakanakira. Kutanga, iye akanga ane waivako simba kwazvo simba arambe achirema. Chechipiri, mafuta ari nyore kutakura pamusoro madaro marefu (kukaitwa nokushandisa mapaipi kana kwematangi - huru zvomumvura midziyo). Chechitatu, nokuti zvinogona akasiyana-siyana zvinhu zvakasiyana. All izvi zvinhu kuti mafuta rimwe zvikuru nevanhu zvigadzirwa mumusika nyika.

Zvisinei matura chicherwa ichi vari nokukurumidza kwezvinoshandiswa. Ndokusaka dzimwe nyika pamwe reserves inokosha mafuta (chidimbu US), vakatanga kutsvaka nzira manyuko simba (mafuta shale, biofuels, etc.).

Zvinoumba oiri ano

Kusvikira pamusoro pezana 70s mumafuta nyika yakanga zvikaramba panguva mhanya kumhanya. Saka, kana kubviswa anenge mabhiriyoni 2 matani ichi simba zvekuvaka, ipapo muna 1973, muna 1970, kubva pasi - kuti mabhiriyoni 2,8 matani. Mukutanga 80-ies bhuku okuwana mafuta nyika kutsauka zvishoma.

Oil Kugadzirwa pamusoro muindasitiri pamwero kwakatanga pakati XIX remakore. Munguva yose iyoyo ino panyika "pumped" mabhiriyoni makumi mana matani ari mumhuri.

The vaitungamirira nyika zvenyika reserves mafuta

Zvino tikanyatsoongorora nzvimbo iyi inokosha simba mumhuri.

The reserves mafuta kunyika akasiyana chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, vamwe mamiriro uye kunyimwa ichi upfumi zvose, apo vamwe - chaizvoizvo basking ari dema goridhe. nyika dhazeni First inosvika reserves mafuta ndeinotevera (ona. Table).

Kana bhuku oiri, vatungamiriri munyika zvinofanira kuonekwa pano:

1. Saudi Arabia.
2. Russia.
3. US.
4. Iran.
5. China.

Kufungisisa maviri zviratidzi - zvachose matura mafuta uye bhuku oiri pagore, zviri nyore kuti kuverenga sei makore akawanda vachava yakakwana izvi simba mabviro nerimwe nyika.

Saka, muduku kunetseka vanofanira Venezuela - mafuta zvichava zvakakwana (pa ano inogadzirwa prices) kwemamwe makore 235. Asi nyika dzakadai Russia, USA, Canada, Kuwait, pane chimwe chinhu chokufunga nezvacho. Kunyanya, United States mafuta reserves kuchapedza makore 11 chete, Russia - 22, Canada - 26, Qatar - 45.

Mafuta mitengo: nyanzvi 'Zvaifungidzirwa

Pari, mutengo mudhiramu mafuta ose chiratidzo Brent midzi panguva kumativi 64 madhora, unosvitsa WTI - $ 61.

Oil mitengo (uyewo mimwe chinokosha pamusoro pamisika nyika) takatsunga zvakavakirwa nhamba romugove uye kudiwa pairi. Nhasi, panyaya iri simba zvekuvaka ichiri kupfuura kudiwa. Kuwedzera Pricing ichi nyaya zvinokonzerwa zvimwewo (tinoti enyika). Tiri kutaura vemauto kurwisana Libya uye Yemen, uyewo nekutumirwa kwemauto US shale muzvirongwa.

Nyanzvi mune zveupfumi kufanotaura kuti mune inotevera miviri, mafuta mutengo achamuka $ 70, asi zvino mutengo zvekuvaka vachatanga kuwa zvakare.

Mugore rechitatu chikamu 2015 sezvo vaongorori kufanotaura mutengo mafuta kuwana pasi wayo mutsva, richisvika $ 50 chete dhiramu.

In mhedziso ...

Mafuta chinonyanya kukosha simba zvekuvaka nguva yedu. Nyika vatungamiri reserves mafuta (general) - iri Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Iran, Iraq, Mexico. Zvisinei, masayendisiti kuyambira kuti panguva pamwero aripo oiri kubva ichi zvekuvaka makore 40-80 chete zvakakwana munyika dzakawanda munyika. Ndokusaka zvino vamwe inoti vakatanga kufunga nzira simba zvinyorwa.