Pandemic - chii ichi? A dambudziko kwakasiyana nechirwere?

Chii chinonzi dambudziko uye sei zvakasiyana nechirwere? Sei zvino kana kuti zvaitika? Izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuti yanhasi? Uye zvinotaurwa nezvazvo muna firimu "The dambudziko nhema"?

mutsauko

Ngatikurukurei zvose kuitira. Kutaura zvazviri, rimwe dambudziko - vakawanda chirwere vanhu. Sezvakaita idenda. Zvisinei, avo akasiyana ayo dzose. Kana denda anonzi yatanga panguva yayo hwakapararira rinopfuura pamwero kuti nharaunda wakapiwa, zvino inova dambudziko apo kunopfuura mamiriro, umo makanga, uye kana nhamba vanayo akafanana yevagari.

Sezvatinogona kuona, tsanangudzo iyi nani kujeka. Uye Ebola, somuenzaniso, kupararira kunyika wandei hanya nenyika munharaunda, asi haagoni zvechokwadi kunzi dambudziko. Nepo pamwaka matenda kwagara yokuSpain, "famba" Somuenzaniso, muna Europe, unonyatsokodzera tsanangudzo yacho.

kubva kare

Where wakaramba mushonga ano pasina zvidukuduku uye virology? Izvi zvine zvidzidzo vaiva rubatsiro zvikuru vanhu. Zviripachena, sezvo nechitarisiko zvine munhu, rudzi yedu aitambura nemavhairasi uye zvigare. Uchapupu ichi ndiyo zvinyorwa zvekare uye Zvakafukunurwa kuvigwa nzvimbo (kare zvichiri kuwanikwa Somuenzaniso, fivha utachiona). Asi chii kutaura, kana chete okupedzisira zviuru zviviri makore dambudziko anokonzerwa zvinotyisa nezvirwere kare vakafa kupfuura pamusana zvenyika hondo! Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, chete vanobatwa chibhokisi chakanga vanhu mashanu mamiriyoni zana. Tiudzei zvishoma pamusoro yakakurumbira pandemics vari munhoroondo yevanhu.

chibhokisi

Pandemic (akanga chete iye) akanga hwakapararira kwose kwose. Mumwe akaitumidza dzinongoitika kana dema chibhokisi. Zvirwere, izvo murima nguva mamiriyoni akafa, yakakonzerwa utachiwana. Paavhareji, ayo kufa munyika yose yakasvika mana muzana. Pakanyenga, akanga kwese. Kazhinji utachiwana nayo kure dzinovaraidza. Uye chirwere mhuka kune vanhu, uye zvadaro zvinobatsira chaizvo kudzivisa kare dzevanhu chibhokisi. Ichi chaiva chikonzero uye wokutanga kubaya (kana, pane, pakati inoculation - inoculated chibhokisi pus), kunyange migumisiro neyokupedzisira, uye simba nokufamba upenyu.

Kwave zviitiko nemaune hweHIV maIndia North America kondinendi. Nokuti ekupedzisira, chirwere chakanga dzinouraya muna 90% nyaya. Pandemic - mumwe wevaya zvishandiso zvinobatsira vatama kutora ndima womumwe. The British akapa uye vakatengesa zvikuru maIndia chibhokisi-utachiona magumbeze, mbatya, kuti zvinotyisa utachiwana rinocheneswa kwavari yeNyika Itsva.

Nokuda kupararira kubaya vakabudirira zvizere kunokunda chirwere yatova nguva veSoviet. Uye utachiona chibhokisi chete inochengetwa akawanda mumarabhoritari pasi pose. In nyaya yaizotangira zvichiita kubudisa mushonga.

denda

Chenjera chirwere dzakakwirira kwazvo kufa. Ndakatengesa pamwe visceral zvechidhimoni, node raiva pedyo nebundu, anovandudza sepsis. Anozivikanwa bubonic uye denda utachiona hwedenda. Kunoitika dzinongoitika foci, vatakuri aro nemakonzo. Inonzi Yersinia pestis. With ano kurapwa anokundikana kuderedza mwero wokufa kwevanhu mashanu muzana. Zvisinei, munguva dzekare, inozivikanwa denda pamusoro chirwere kuti dzakauraya mamiriyoni evanhu. Saka, dambudziko Justinian, akaonekwa mumakore 541-700. muIjipiti, akauraya akakwira mamiriyoni 100 vanhu pasi pose kuti. Chete muByzantium akafa kubva hafu yake yose kwevanhu. Mumwe anozivikanwa denda rakanga Black Death. Zvadaro (1347-1351) denda akauya Europe kubva China. Iye vakafa vanhu makumi matatu nemana mamiriyoni.

Asi nyaya asingadi kugumisa denda. Panguva dzinonzi Third Denda kuIndia chete vanhu mamiriyoni matanhatu vakafa. Asi, akasiyana nyaya mbiri dzokutanga, chirwere chinonzi "pakufamba" munyika kwemakore anopfuura makumi mashanu nemakore. Akakwanisa dzakapararira kondinendi kuburikidza kukura dzaishandiswa ukama.

korera Denda

Paiva akawanda. Wokutanga Denda kwakaitika muna 1816 muna Bengal. Iye akatambura zvikuru kubva kunyika dzakadai India, China uye Indonesia. Kuwanda vawirwa zvinofungidzirwa mu emamiriyoni. Yakasvika korera iyoyo uye kuRussia. Pano kubva rakauraya vanhu vanodarika mamiriyoni maviri. Total anozivikanwa pandemics manomwe korera. Vose kwakaitika munguva dzazvino. Kutozosvikira namapfumbamwe remakore, korera aiva chirwere vomunharaunda hunhu. Kunenge chimwe nei rinogona kunzi pandemics uye kukura wezvokutengeserana ukama pakati penyika mbiri.

Fivha: fivha, typhus uye relapsing

The chirwere kunoratidzwa nefivha, kudhaka uye nepfungwa nenyonganiso. Chokutanga anozivikanwa Denda (makore 430-427. BC. E.) Zvakaitika panguva yacho Peloponnesian War. Zvino iye akafa kubva muzvina vaAtene hondo, izvo vasanyanya ari kutonga ari mamiriro mudunhu. Tsvagurudza chinokonzera chirwere ichi chaiva chete ikozvino Vongai Zvakafukunurwa nevazhinji makuva. On dzasara varwi yekare fivha bacteria zvakawanikwa.

Emerging matenda uye ichangopfuura ano. Somuenzaniso, munguva World Rokutanga kuRussia uye Poland vakafa typhus kusvikira vanhu mamiriyoni matatu nehafu uye.

ano mabhanan'ana

Most Pari anozivikanwa dzihwa denda, vanonzi "yeSpain", maererano nedzimwe nemishumo, pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, izvozvo kwakauraya upenyu vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni zana. A chepfungwa chirwere chiri kupararira kutsanya uye vakaderera kufa. Uye chete kana munhu akave utachiwana yokuSpain utachiona kubva mhuka kana shiri, zvinova zvinouraya kwaari. Saka, zviri pachena, zvakanga zvakaita "yeSpain". Chimwe chinhu chinokosha denda iri rakanga kuti rakatenderedzwa pasi katatu, mumwe nguva rinovaima uye kupera shure mutsva simba. Uye kufa kwake rakawedzera zvikuru. "The dambudziko nhema" zvinonakidza zvinhu nezvazvo tiri kupiwa vhidhiyo.

Maererano neWorld Health Organization, chete pamwaka yokuSpain matenda munyika kufa vasati vanhu zviuru mazana mashanu pagore. Uye vanoita izvi pasinei nokuti zvinoitika nguva dzose kubaya vemo. Asi hakusi hunhu dambudziko. Zvisinei, masayendisiti regai haabatanidzi panowanikwa vakadaro, kana utachiwana mutates kuipa pamwaka chirwere uye kuwana zvinouraya vanhu ehupfumi. Saka, sezvakaitwa renguruve, uye matenda ose Avian yokuSpain. Yokudzivirira pamusoro utachiona izvi kubudirira kwavo haisati nekusimba.

In mhedziso

Flu - ichi zvechokwadi chinotyisidzira vanhu. Asi mushonga, pfungwa, zviri vagadzirira nguva dzose. Zvisinei, pane dzihwa denda, senguva dzose, pakarepo. chirwere kwakadaro runotyisa kare, sezvinoita denda, korera, fivha uye chibhokisi, sezvinei, hatina chinenge hatichamuzivi mungozi. Asi hatifaniri kukanganwa pamusoro dambudziko yakavanzwa. Vari kuzivikanwa kosi-refu kwechirwere chacho. This HIV, tiibhii uye marariya, kuti muduku pamwero. Kubva nerimwe zvirwere izvi kuuraya mamiriyoni rimwe gore. Mishonga inobudirira kwavari haisati yawanikwa. Vazhinji zvino vanoti Ebola - a dambudziko.

Saka, ngatiitei mhedziso kubva apa. Pandemic - chirwere, kuitika izvo akafanana yevagari yacho nharaunda, apo chinofamba miganhu anoverengeka States, uye rufu mwero kubva zviri wakachengetwa refu pamwero. Uye, pasinei nokufambira mberi zvokurapa ano, yokutsiva kutyisidzira vekare kuuya nemavhairasi itsva uye bacteria kujairana zvinodhaka, uye yekare mushonga anova isashande. Zvichida nenzira iyi hunhu anoda kutaura chinhu kumunhu? ..