Pressure zvidzidzo

vanhu kekutanga nechinetso kuyera kumanikidzwa pakuvaka namatsime Florence. Sezvineiwo vavaki vari kurarama yefizikisi Torricelli, uyo akatamira dambudziko kubva kuvakwa muna yezvirwere yake, kutsiva mvura pamwe nemekiyuri zvakawanda tsindirana ruzivo.

History rabva uchapupu sei hwomukova Italian yefizikisi akabatsira vavaki, asi kuti vanhu akagamuchira uchapupu chokuvapo mumhepo kumanikidzwa, hazvirambiki.

Torricelli Baton akanhonga guru Blez Paskal, uyo aikwanisa kuyera mumhepo kumanikidzwa uye kuratidza empirically kuti kunobva kumusoro pamusoro pegungwa. Saka, kumanikidza wokutanga chikwata vakanga vakanyorwa HG kukwirira akayera mu masendimita uye emaoko. Zvikuru sezvingatarisirwa, yazvino vezvikwata zviri kuitiswa chipimo vanonzi pashure masayendisiti maviri.

Nokuti kuyera kumanikidza akashandisa nhumbi siyana. The nyore kupfuura - imvura manometer. Zvinonzi kuvamba ake aiva ruoko mu Leonardo da Vinci, asiwo kuti zvake Pazvinhu fembera hakuna kushandiswa hwake.

Chete kubvira panguva Pascal kuyera kufurirwa vakatanga kushandisa U-zvakaumbwa chubhu akazadzwa nemekiyuri. Zvadaro, mukuru nemekiyuri akatsiviwa mafuta Vacuum.

Kana zvakaenzana Matambudziko ari mativi ose chubhu nemvura pamwero ndiro chete, kana kumanikidzwa rinoshandisirwa munhu mugumo chubhu pane nokukwirira musiyano.

P * (1) -P * (2) = gph, apo d - kumhanyisa ane pachena akawira muviri, P - mvura arambe achirema, h - nokukwirira musiyano iri manometer mvura mumatunhu.

Pasinei chokwadi mvura manometers ave nehanya, munda wavo kushanda chose zvishoma nokuda hombe kwavo, zvingasanakira mu vanozivikanwa uye duku pedengu chikuva, kubva 20 kPa kusvika 140 kPa.

With mberi zvemichina riri kukura kukurumbira vakatanga kutora kufurirwa gauges pamwe Bourdon chubhu, mune mamwe mazwi dzinonzi deformation. Inside geji uyu C-zvakaumbwa chubhu dzendarira ane zvombo mashandiro. Kana kufurira rinoshandisirwa vakasununguka kumagumo chubhu iri anombotwasanudza, uye giya kunoita museve rinoratidza chitsama kumanikidza pamusoro kudzidza rapanzvimbo mudziyo. The zvakawanda kunzwisisa pezvakaita chubhu, duku kukanganisa ibhuku.

Mechanical gauges inoshandiswa kuyera kufurirwa 40 kPa kuna 100MPa. Ivo vanoonekwa ne Kushatiswa nokuyerwa zvakarurama panguva kuramba ichishanda. Izvi imhaka zvachose deformation rwekuita maatomu akafanana.

Yokuyeresa pamusoro pulsating kumanikidzwa anosvika 8 * 10 ^ 3 GPA akashandisa piezoelectric gauges.

Maererano nenhau dzakaitika, kuti kumanikidzwa zviumbu havasi ukama nomumwe ari vakawanda pamusoro, zvinoita sokuti pano pane nyonganyonga zvakakwana. The vakawanda payakavakirwa nokuti kumanikidzwa kuyerwa sezvinotevera: P = F / S apo P - kumanikidzwa, F - simba, S - nharaunda. In iri SI ezvinhu, simba unotaurwa Newtons, muchivara mamita - ipapo kufurirwa chikwata divi iri N / m ^ 2, uye anonzi Pascal. Zvisinei, mune tsika dzinowanzotaura zvakawanda uye mhepo, nembariro, Tori mmHg mm mvura mbiru, makirogiramu / masendimita ^ 2.

Ngatiedzei kujekesa nyaya iyi. Vamapoka mumhepo kumanikidzwa - mmHg ichi kana torr; sezvamunoziva, vakagamuchirwa se tichienzanisa mumhepo nevamwe 760 mm HG - ukoshi ichi anonzi mumhepo; bhawa iri anenge mhepo chete - ndiwo anguva chikwata GHS; pachine zvekushandisa mhepo, izvo zvakaenzana imwe makirogiramu / masendimita ^ 2 - tsika izvi zvose zvinoshandiswa sezvo Common vamapoka gasi nevezera chipimo; mm mvura sa rinoshandiswa hydraulics uye 13.6 torus. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti wefizikisi Pascal uye nomukaka ayo vanonzi kuroora hurongwa nevezera dzakabatana.