Rusarura dzidziso (Kunyora). Good - zvakaipa. maitiro Human, zviito

Popular rusarura pfungwa yakabuda munzvimbo XX remakore. Vanotsigira Its vanodavira kuti munyika pane chakajairika mashandiro kuti ndezve kuti vamwe munzanga mapoka. With payo, vazhinji vevaya mhosva kana zvimwe yakatsauka kubva kwomuzvarirwo maitiro kazhinji kuzivikanwa.

Kunyatsogona dzidziso

Zvikonzero Fani iyi vavete kurwisana pakati vanhu. Rusaruro dzidziso ndechokuti vakawanda inorondedzera mitemo uye Vanotyora mutemo mitemo izvi kunopa chaiyo (rusarura). Vanhu vasingadi kutevedza mitemo vakawanda vaibvuma kuti maitiro vanoonekwa deviants (kurambwa).

Rusaruro dzidziso yakatangwa anoonga basa anoverengeka nyika yakakurumbira evanhu: Edwin Lemerta, Howard Becker uye Kay Erickson. Ivo vose vaiva chete chizvarwa masayendisiti kushanda yokutanga yezana XX remakore. Uyewo mupiro zvikuru kukura dzidziso akasuma Erving Goffman. A chinokosha dzidziso iyi ndiyo pfungwa kuti mabasa akaipa rezvakasikwa havapo. Internal kugutsikana hazvirevi kukanganisa kuongorora. Negative Mafungiro hunoenderana badzi mitemo avo, izvo zviri pachena anogamuchira vanhu pachayo.

chikuru kutsauka

In evanhu akabvuma pfungwa yokuti hapana "kuipa" uye "mwero" vanhu. Uyezve, mumwe munhu anogona Deviant maitiro chero kunyanya munharaunda. Naizvozvo, hapana uye vanhu vane pathologies. Mumwe anotyora mitemo pomugwagwa, mumwe inobhadhara nemitero, vamwe hooligans panguva Football machisi.

rusarura pfungwa rinozivisa vanonzi chepuraimari kutsauka. Ndivo kutyorwa patsika dzemunharaunda, izvo achapukunyuka pasi pfungwa vatevedzere mutemo nokuda kwayo nenyama uye purogiramu. Uyezve, mashoko kunyatsoongorora "akanaka", "zvakaipa" chiito inotsamira zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, mune dzimwe nzanga vakadzi haisi bvumidzwa kuita chii chingaitwa kuti munhu, apo mune dzimwe nyika hakuna mitemo yakadaro. Uyewo kazhinji kuipa maitiro akatsunga, maererano vakawanda pfungwa. Somuenzaniso, munyika dzakawanda, vanhu vari kushora mbodza chitarisiko uye mufananidzo, kunyange zvazvo pane maitiro akadaro haagoni unorambidzwa. Chokuratidza kuti "zvakanaka", "akaipa" rakabatanidzwa evanhu ezvinhu wemunhu. kubva kuvanhu vanogara tsika pedyo chete kunotsamira kutevera kana kuti mamwe maitiro norupi.

kutsauka yechipiri

Achabatanidza Chikwata pamusoro ruzhinji kwevanhu rinobatanidza chinokosha kukanganisa pairi. Achipindura kuruzhinji maitiro kunoitika yechipiri kuipa maitiro. Munhu vakagamuchira Chikwata zvinova vamwe vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, tsotsi, ane garo, uye zvichingodaro. D. chinzvimbo ichi kuchititadzisa zvimwe mumwe unhu. Vanhu vakararama refu somunhu vakapiswa nguva, kutanga kuvaka upenyu hwavo hwose hunobva noruzhinji ichi.

rusarura pfungwa rinotsanangurawo hwokufananidzira maitiro avo vanozviwana vari kuipa boka. Zuva nezuva kunzwa kutsoropodza vamwe vanhu - wakakura mupfungwa. Kubva vanhu nezvisingafadzi Labels kazhinji ukatsauka shamwari, vafambidzani uye kunyange voukama. Akadaro ezvinhu akaoma ruzivo vose kugarisana munhu. Chokwadi munhu anogona kuita izvi ezvinhu? Kazhinji, zviri kubatanidzwa mune kuipa boka pamwe chete nevanhu.

Kunongedza mhosva

Very inopenya rallying musimboti chinoshanda paSheori. Vanhu vanoona vari mumamiriro ezvinhu ichi, dzinenge nguva dzose kuva nhengo hombe boka, anoshora pacharo vamwe vanhu.

Kubva musi muenzaniso uyu, vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti kuwedzera kwemhosva zviri pamwe kuitika nokuti vanhu stigmatizes vatadzi anokurambai navo mhosva niche uye nokudaro haawani pachavo mutirongo kudzokera dzose upenyu. Pfungwa stigmatization mu kwemhosva nhasi anezvakawanda vatsigiri. Zvinofadza kuti yakafanana utongi kunoita kuti chitarisiko vechidiki subcultures uye counterculture.

Life pamwe chitaridzi

Group mabasa chiseko chenyika vanhu vanogona kutora dzakawanda. Asi vose vane zvakafanana vabatane yakafanana chikurudziro - chido kuwana shamwari nezvakaipa. Zvinogona rakanyatsorongwa, uye kunyange kunakidzwa kutsigirwa ehurumende uye munzanga basa netsvimbo akaremara, vakwegura, vanhu nechirwere kufutisa, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Vamwe madenderedzwa izvi kunogona kuva chinhu yakawanda. Somuenzaniso, munyika dzakawanda vane zvavo National nzanga Zvidhakwa Anonymous. Havana chete kuunza pamwe chete vanhu vari kuedza kubata muropa nezvinhu zvavo. nzanga dzakadaro dzinopa nhengo dzavo dzidziso yose - mararamiro matsva tiwane upenyu hwangu kudzokera dzose.

Rusaruro mu evanhu zvingaitikawo iri National hwaro. Muchiitiko chino, vanhu kazhinji kuuya pamwe chete panheyo napedyo. Mumaguta makuru, pane nzvimbo diki National, vakawanda vacho izvo zvikuru kana zvishoma kuti Diaspora.

"Kunzwisisa"

Kazhinji, munzanga rusarura inoenda pakuti zvavakatemerwa remunhu angava akasiyana kunyatsozivikanwa. musiyano uyu akasiya kunaka pfungwa yacho munhu. Kwakadaro munhu Anti-mumagariro kunogona kutarisirwa kutsigira mapoka maviri chete evanhu. Chokutanga - vaya vane kurarama chete rusarura. About pavo ataurwa pamusoro.

Asi pane yechipiri boka. Izvi vanonzi "kunzwisisa." vanhu vakadaro vanoonekwa "kuipa" vanhu Anovaratidza se yake. Zvisinei, havadi yokuturika Labels pamusoro "maperembudzi". Kusiyana neizvi, "anonzwisisa" rinoreva mutakuri rusarura pamwe tsitsi. Navo munhu achitambura nokushayiwa kwavo, vanogona kunzwa vakasununguka. "Anonzwisisa" kunyara uye regai kumanikidza vamwe vanhu pomutadzi kuzvidzora.

Contact pamwe deviants

Chiitiko kuti "kunzwisisa" ari kufarira Erving Goffman. Iye akarondedzera mumashoko ose oudzame zvaimirirwa hwevanhu mubhuku rake rinonzi, 'Kuitwa chiseko ". Maererano pfungwa dzake, kuti kutamira pedyo mumapepanhau, zvake anofanira kuenda kuburikidza chakakura kuvhunduka - raizoita kuti iye kutarisa yakapoteredza kujaira ziso.

Chiseko chenyika zvakaoma kuenda nevanhu kubva neimwe denderedzwa. Somuenzaniso, imwe "zvakaipa" mwana, vachidzingwa kufurirwa makambani, kungangova mukakachurwa naye kuedza kumisa chero ukama. Uyu dzinongoitika mupfungwa kudzivirira kwezvakatipoteredza, kazhinji kacho noutsinye mhoteredzo. pakupedzisira mumwe asocial munhu anorasikirwa sociability kwayo. Zvishoma nezvishoma zviome kuwana vanhu vane mutauro nevakawanda. Saka, kunyange ushamwari yakanyatsorongwa kuti munhu achava kumirira kwechinguvana uye edza kuratidza pachokwadi yavo. Uye chete pashure kuti achakwanisa kuwana chivimbo chiseko chenyika.

Thomas Sheff Ideas

Pfungwa rusarura aiva mumwe chikuru basa esayenzi Thomas Sheff. chinyorwa Ainyanya - nzanga pamusoro nhengo dzayo anovamba zvemagariro kuzvidzora, chikuru zviridzwa inova zvirango zvayakatemera vatsauka akagamuchira dzemunharaunda. Sheff akaramba ubanguranyika dzaro vamutangira. It Rusaruro dzidziso Becker sei yekudyidzana.

Nenguva iyo Sheff akadzidza Chiitiko kuti stigmatization kubva maonero avo. Asati kuti, akadzidza chaizvo dambudziko zvepfungwa dzavo yezwi interpersonal nzvimbo. Kutaura zvazviri, Scheff akabatanidza zvepfungwa uye evanhu.

The residual kutsauka

Mubasa Thomas Sheff rusarura dzidziso yakatanga kuva dzidziso pamusoro residual kutsauka. The munyori vaidavira kuti vazhinji zvepfungwa - mugumisiro zvemagariro maitiro uye kusarudza munhu. Izvi gakava mashoko - mumwe zvinodavirwa muchitendero dzinonetsa munzanga dzidziso. Sheff pfungwa akauya mushure rethinking patsika dzemunharaunda.

Contemporary tsika nemagariro kunoratidzwa nokuti vose vanhu mukati tsika nzvimbo chete vanofanira kugoverana anenge chete Mindset. Mitemo aya ngadzirambe dziri dzevanhu maitiro pauduku kuburikidza nedzidzo. Kuitira kuti mwana kuchinja mumagariro, vabereki kumudzidzisa zvose mafungiro netsika vanonzi zvakakodzera kuti upenyu huzere munzanga. "Zvakaipa," mwana anogona vanoramba varipo izvi, uye zvino anozova kunze denderedzwa kukurukurirana nevamwe. chete musimboti chaizvo anoshanda vakuru.

Nature zvarakasiya

Mumabhuku ake uye nyaya Sheff akataura kuti chirwere chepfungwa - ndiko chete kuratidzwa chiito kusarudza tsika. Nhasi, pfungwa iyi ine zvakawanda vavengi. Sheff akaramba kubvuma utano hwepfungwa chaiyo chokwadi. Ndicho "abnormality" - nomwoyo sarudzo, sezvo tsika kukwazisa yaizivikanwa vanhu.

The musiki dzidziso resonance akabhadhara ngwariro chaiyo kukosha evanhu kuchinja manzwiro evanhu. Somuenzaniso, vana vanogara nomubvunzo kusawirirana pakati zvavanoda uye zvavari kubvumirwa uye hazvitenderwi. nzira dzavo kuratidza kusagutsikana kwavo vachichema. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vana vanofanira kutora mitemo maitiro kuti vatidzidzise vabereki.

At zvarakasiya vane miganhu dzavo pachena pachavo kuti kuparadzanisa kubva kwose kwose. Kuti tirambe ukama ichi, vanhu nguva dzose chinotiyeuchidza pachake zvakanaka uye zvakaipa. Somuenzaniso, paterevhizheni uye mune mapepanhau kuramba aripo panotaurwa kuba, kuponda uye dzimwe mhosva. Vanhu ose zuva vari nowenyika tsika uye mhosva kuita kuti kutyora mitemo.

Panguva iyoyowo, mamwe masayendisiti anoongorora magariro evanhu vava kuedza kuratidza kuti vanhu nokuzvidira kana ndisingadi anoramba Kutsauka, nokusika wakaorera pasi pavo. Somuenzaniso, mujeri hakuiti kubatsira munhu kurega kuipa maitiro ake. Mukupesana, mutadzi ari muchitokisi hwomutambarakede ezvinhu, iyo inoshanda senzvimbo kubatana kwevanhu kubva tsotsi nyika.

Kunongedza manzwiro

In vakuru, sezvo dengetera toreva rusarura ndivo kuzvikudza uye nyadzi. Avo zvakasikwa akadaro mhinduro evanhu zvirango. Muchiitiko ichi chiri nezvaunomuitira daily kushambadza, inorambidza. Zvirango zvinogona kumbofungidzira. Regulators kunyara uye kudada munhu dziri iyoyo, kana iye ari oga uye haisi pasi zvakananga kutsoropodza munzanga.

Kunyadziswa zvinowanisa mumwe manzwiro - hasha. Riparadzirwe izvi pfungwa mbiri mumatanho matatu. First ndiko kuparadzwa evanhu chisungo, ipapo anouya mitemo pakukurukurirana uye, pakupedzisira, zvose inoguma kurwisana pakati vanhu. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinobvumirana kuti mutemo uyu chikara denderedzwa iyo kwokutizira hazvibviri, pasina kuchinja maitiro ako pachako. Panguva tanyatsopererwa kunyadziswa kazhinji kutigumbura kudzorera munzanga ukama "kuipa" uye chiseko chenyika. Kazhinji zvinokonzera kuti munhu maitiro kuzvibvisa.

Depression kuipa

Kana chiseko chenyika ari munhu pakugamuchira Chikwata, kazhinji mwoyo. mudzi wawo iri kushaya rakavimbika evanhu ukama. Patient mwoyo munhu anokosha vokukurukura izvi upenyu huzere vakaparadzwa. Ichi chirwere kunoitika sezvo inonzwisisika kuenderera kuzvibvisa chiseko chenyika nokuda vamwe vanhu.

Runotikurudzira kunzwa pomutadzi munhu, sezvo mutemo, zvinonyadzisa, kwete kutsamwa kana shungu. Chirwere ichi vari chokwadi maitiro nyoro inzwi, ziso kuonana kunzvenga, kufunganya, kuverengera uye kuzvidzora mhosva.