Russian gasi mapaipi: mepu nemachati. Gas mapaipi kubva kuRussia Europe

Mapaipi senga rinopa kufamba kwenhumbi zvinokosha zvakadai akadai mafuta negasi. mapaipi Russian dzinopfuura hafu nhoroondo remakore. Construction akatanga kukura minda mafuta Baku uye Grozny. Yanhasi mepu Russian gasi ane anenge 50 zviuru. Km kuti hunde mapaipi, izvo pumped vakawanda mafuta Russian.

Nhoroondo Russian gasi

Mapaipi gasi senga muRussia akatanga kukura vachishingaira muna 1950, yakanga chokuita pokumuka deposits itsva uye kuvakwa oiri muna Baku. Nechekare kubudikidza 2008, uwandu zvifambiswe mafuta uye peturu zvigadzirwa yakasvika mamiriyoni 488. Matani. Zvichienzaniswa 2000, kuwedzera 53%.

Gore negore Russian gasi mapaipi (zano iri yoku- uye kunoratidza mitsetse zvose) riri kukura. Kana muna 2000, mutopota kureba Mapaipi ndiyo 61 zviuru. Km muna 2008 kare vakasvika 63 zviuru. Km. Pakazosvika 2012, yekudyidzana akawedzera huru gasi mapaipi Russia. Map unoratidzwa kumativi 250 zviuru. Km kuti Mapaipi. . Of izvi, 175 zviuru? Km negasi Mapaipi urefu yaiva 55 thous Km -. Kureba Mapaipi, 20 thous Km -. Kureba mafuta Mapaipi.

Russian gasi Mapaipi chokufambisa

The Mapaipi - a Mapaipi zvokufambisa injiniya kuvaka, iro rinoshandiswa nokuda chokufambisa ose methane negasi. The gasi zvitengeswa rinoitwa pachishandiswa zvakawandisa kumanikidzwa.

Nhasi zvakaoma kudavira kuti Russian Federation (pari chikuru ekisipota kuti "mutema mafuta") riri pakutanga novimba mbishi zvinhu akatenga kwose. Muna 1835 kuSt Petersburg, muti nokuda kugadzirwa "yebhuruu mafuta" pakuparadzirwa hurongwa kubva kusango mutengi wokutanga wakashamira. At chirimwa ichi kusvina gasi kubva kune dzimwe marasha. Makore 30 gare gare, yakafanana chirimwa yakavakwa muMoscow.

Nokuda kudhura kuvaka mapaipi gasi uye imupota mbishi zvinhu vokutanga mapaipi Russian vakanga mupfupi. Muridzo unoridzirwa akaita dhayamita guru (1220 uye 1420 mm) uye rurefu kunonoka. With kukura romunda mabikirwo negasi uye ayo kugadzirwa kukura "rwizi yebhuruu" muRussia akatanga nokukurumidza kuwedzera.

The Kudeuka Russian gasi mapaipi

"Gazprom" - chikuru opareta kuti "gasi tsinga" muRussia. The Mhando chikuru Makambani ndiwo:

• Geological ubanguranyika, kugadzira, zvokufambisa, kuchengetwa, kugadzira;
• kugadzirwa uye kutengeswa nokupisa magetsi.

Panguva iyoyo, pane huripo mapaipi:

1. "Blue Stream".
2. "Mberi".
3. "Union".
4. "Nord Stream".
5. "Yamal-Europe".
6. "Urengoi-Uzhgorod Pomar".
7. "Sakhalin-Khabarovsk-Vladivostok".

Sezvo kukura mafuta uye petrochemical mabhora dzinofarirwa vazhinji vanoita, mainjiniya achishingaira kutanga uye kuvaka zvose zvitsva makuru gasi mapaipi Russia.

Russian mapaipi mafuta

The Mapaipi - a Mapaipi zvokufambisa injiniya kuvaka, iyo inoshandiswa kutakura mafuta kubva kugadzirwa nzvimbo kuti mutengi. Kune mhando mbiri senyere: chikuru uye munda.

Kudeuka mafuta Mapaipi:

1. "Ushamwari" - mumwe mikuru migwagwa yeRussian Empire. Today haisi kuzodzokera ndiyo mamiriyoni 66,5. Matani pagore. Muzongoza rinoenderera Samara kuburikidza Bryansk. Muguta Mozyr "Druzhba" iri muzvikamu zviviri:

• rwezasi mugwagwa - ichipfuura Ukraine, Croatia, Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic;
• Northern Railway - kuburikidza Germany, Latvia, Poland, Belarus uye Lithuania.

1. Baltic Mapaipi Hurongwa - kwegadziriro mapaipi unobatanidza nzvimbo oiri kubva chengarava. Simba mutsetse mumwe mamiriyoni 74 akadaro. Matani mafuta pagore.
2. KuBaltic Mapaipi System-2 - ndiwo maitiro kuti rinobatanidza "Druzhba" Mapaipi kune zviteshi Russian muGungwa reBaltic. Kukwanisa ndiyo 30 mln. Matani pagore.
3. Eastern mafuta Mapaipi rinobatanidza nzvimbo kugadzirwa muEastern Western Siberia pamwe US uye misika Asian. Simba mafuta rinosvika mamiriyoni 58. Matani pagore.
4. ReCaspian Mapaipi rakapiwa - inokosha yemarudzi chirongwa pamwe kutora chikamu makambani makuru mafuta, akasikwa kuti pakuvaka uye kushanda nenyere urefu 1.5 zviuru? Km .. Kushanda chinzvimbo ndiyo mamiriyoni 28.2. Matani pagore.

Gas mapaipi kubva kuRussia Europe

Russia kuna Europe aigona kupa gasi munzira nhatu: kuburikidza Ukrainian gasi nezvifambiso zvinosvika, uyewo kuburikidza Mapaipi "Nord Stream" uye "Yamal-Europe". Pakadaro, kana Ukraine pakupedzisira kuzorega pamwe muna Russian Federation, kugoverwa "yebhuruu mafuta" kuna Europe chichaitwa chete gasi mapaipi Russia.

Scheme chikafu kuti methane muEurope kunoda, embodiments dzakadaro:

1. "Nord Stream" - a negasi Mapaipi unobatanidza Russia uye Germany pasi Sea reBaltic. The Mapaipi bypasses dzaifanoiswa nyika: Belarus, Poland uye kuBaltic nyika. "Nord Stream" hwakaiswa kushandiswa tichishandisa ichangopfuura - muna 2011.
2. "Yamal-Europe" - gasi Mapaipi kureba anopfuura zviuru zviviri makiromita ane pombi nomunyika yose Russia, Belarus, Germany uye Poland.
3. "Blue Stream" - gasi Mapaipi rinobatanidza Russian Federation uye Turkey pasi Sea Black. Kureba akaenzana 1213? Km. Magadzirirwo Kukwanisa ndiyo mabhiriyoni 16. Cubic metres pagore.
4. "Southern rukova" - nenyere rakakamurwa munyika uye mugungwa munzvimbo. Maritime chikamu anomhanya pasi Sea Black uye richibatanidza Russian Federation, Turkey, Bulgaria ari. Kureba 930? Km. Chomunda ichipfuura munharaunda Serbia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Slovenia.

"Gazprom" akataura kuti mutengo gasi kuna Europe ne 8-14% vachamutswa muna 2017. vanoongorora Russian vanoti bhuku zvinyorwa gore rino achava kupfuura 2016. Income gasi chindingindingi weRussia anogona kukura nokuda 34.2 billion. Dollars muna 2017.

Russian gasi mapaipi: imupota vanoronga

dzakavakidzana, iyo Russia inopa gasi dzinosanganisira:

1. Ukraine (rokutengesa sostavlyaet14,5 bhiriyoni bv. M.).
2. Belarus (19.6).
3. Kazakhstan (5.1).
4. Moldova (2.8).
5. Lithuania (2.5).
6. Armenia (1.8).
7. Latvia (1).
8. Estonia (0,4).
9. Georgia (0.3).
10. South Ossetia (0.02).

Pakati Kishi nyika Russian gasi vari:

1. Germany (zvinyorwa mabhiriyoni 40,3 bv. M.).
2. Turkey (27.3).
3. Italy (21.7).
4. Poland (9.1).
5. United Kingdom (15.5).
6. Czech Republic (0,8), uye vamwe.

Wedzerai negasi kuUkraine

Muna December 2013, "Gazprom" uye "Naftogaz" kuisa zita renyu addendum kuti kondirakiti. Gwaro akanga kuwanika matsva "Discount" mutengo, chetatu zvishoma pane nezvaro kondirakiti. The Treaty akapinda simba musi waJanuary 1, 2014, uye inofanira kuvandudzwa ose mitatu. Nemhaka zvikwereti kuti gasi "Gazprom" akaita akadzima mumwe dhisikaundi muna April 2014, uye kare musi April 1, mutengo akasimuka, richisvika $ 500 paminiti zviuru. Cubic meters (munhu discounted zvazvingava vakasvika 268.5 madhora muzana zviuru. Cubic metres).

The vakaronga kuvaka gasi mapaipi mu Russia

Map of Russian gasi mapaipi pasi kukura rinosanganisira zvikamu zvishanu. Not chinozoiswa chirongwa "South Stream" pakati Anapa uye Bulgaria, akavaka "Altai" - gasi Mapaipi pakati kuSiberia uye Western China. ReCaspian gasi Mapaipi, izvo achanunura negasi kubva kweGungwa reCaspian, kwenguva refu kunofanira kupfuura nomunharaunda kweRussia, Turkmenistan uye kuKazakhstan. For zvokuyamura kubva Yakutia muna Asia-Pacific nharaunda, inovakwa nomumwe mutsetse - "Yakutia-Khabarovsk-Vladivostok".