Sei Moscow Kremlin yakavakwa? Kuvaka Moscow Kremlin. The nhoroondo Moscow Kremlin

Moscow Kremlin anogona kunzi chikuru Kukwezva guru Russia. Munhu wose achakwanisa kusvika nokukurumidza uye nyore nyore. Pane Metro chiteshi, panguva mbudo izvo zvinogona tsvarakadenga nokukurumidza kusvika pakuvaka Moscow Kremlin. Ndinofunga tinofanira zvinyore.

Where unofanira kubuda kuchiteshi kuenda munharaunda Kremlin?

"Alexander Garden" chiteshi

Akabudazve nenguva chichiita ichi, iwe uchatorwa, sezvo isu pamwe wafungidzira, yakakurumbira Alexander Garden. Unogonawo kutarisa Kutafya shongwe, apo kutengeswa matikiti kuti mundima Kremlin uye yeZvombo. Nechepedyo pane yakawanda chirangaridzo zvitoro apo unogona kutenga zvinhu zviduku uye asingakanganwiki zvipo shamwari.

Station "Lenin Library"

Uchakwanisa kuyemura pedo Kutafya shongwe, izvo zvichaita kuti iri pedyo chaizvo - chete vanoda kuenda mhiri.

Station "Revolution Square" uye "China Town"

Vachatsausa iwe ngaatarire kuna Red Square, chete nenzira dzakasiyana. Muchiitiko chokutanga imi kubva Historical Museum, uye wechipiri - kubva Pokrovsky Cathedral.

"Okhotny Ryad" chiteshi

Kubuda pachiteshi "Okhotny Ryad", unogona kufamba nzvimbo yokufeva kutengeserana. Chete zvakafanira kare kugadzirira kuti mutengo zvichava zvikuru "kujairika" nokuda nyore munhuwo zvake ...

Zvakadini mitengo?

Chii mutengo munhu kutarisira, akasarudza kushanyira Kremlin Museum? Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa pakarepo kuti mafaro ichi hachisi chisingakoshi. Kufamba yeZvombo Chamber, izvo huchagara rimwe uye maawa nehafu, achaita mari vanenge 700 rubles. Kushanyira ari Diamond Fund achaita mari 500 rubles. Kana muchida kufamba vakapoteredza mepu uye kuona Church, unofanira kubhadhara 350 rubles. Pasina rokuongorora kushanyira machechi achaita mari 200 rubles. Asi kupfuura zvose, pane vanhu vari kuziva nei Moscow Kremlin yakavakwa?

Ndizvo chikamu zvinotyisa?

Pasi zita "Kremlin" zvinoreva kwete chete masvingo uye neshongwe, sezvo vanogona kufunga vamwe vanhu, asi zvose zviri mukati mayo. Seri korusvingo unogona kuona zvikuru mumachechi, nomukurumbira dzinoungana, mamiziyamu uye dzoushe. Uyezve, munguva pfupi yapfuura, muzhizha musi yeMugovera pa 12 pm unogona kuona yakatarwa kuchinjwa varindi pakati Kremlin chemazana chehondo, izvo hucharatidza unyanzvi zvechiuto.

Zvino ngatimbotaura nezvenhoroondo yakakurumbira mapurani kunzwisisa guru uye kupindura mibvunzo pamusoro nei Moscow Kremlin yakavakwa.

A zvishoma nhoroondo kuvakwa

Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti shoko "Kremlin" ndizvo chaizvo kare. Rinoreva chikamu ichocho peguta, iyo yave kusimbiswa. Nemamwe mashoko, Kremlin - nhare. Munguva dzekare hazvina vaiona tonhorera. Saka nei Moscow Kremlin yakavakwa? Pane mamiriro ezvinhu apo guta aifanira yokudzivisa nayo kushamisika kurwiswa vasingaverengeki muvengi mauto. Hazvina kubva nguva idzodzo uye akaenda tsika kuunganidza zvachose vose vagere muguta pasi kuchengetedzwa kwemararamiro Kremlin. Pasinei nezera, ndizvo chaizvo vanhu vose zvakavanzika shure simba uye yakakwirira masvingo. Ndiani akakwanisa kutakura zvombo - kuzvidzivirira, vachitora nzvimbo pamadziro zvezvivako.

Pakuonekwa nhare pachikomo

Nhoroondo Moscow Kremlin akatanga kuverenga anenge 4000 apfuura. Izvi kwairatidzwa vematongo. Vakanga ngamirirwa zvimedu dzevhu hari, ibwe namasanhu uye mapanga arrowheads zvakawanikwa navo. Zvose izvi zvakanga twaimboshandiswa vekare kugara.

Nzvimbo kwakasarudzwa kutanga kuvakwa Moscow Kremlin, vakasanangurwa kwete netsaona. Construction kwakaitika pane imwe zvakanaka chakakwirira, pakavakirwa runoyerera rwizi - the Moscow River uye Neglinnaya. Nokuda kwayo yakakwirira nzvimbo, nhare akakwanisa mberi uye kuona muvengi kure uye kugadzirira kuzvidzivirira. Mukuwedzera, rwizi anoita somunhu dzinongoitika chipingamupinyi nenzira mauto muvengi.

Kremlin aiva remuti?!

Nhoroondo Moscow Kremlin yakatanga kuvakwa kwezvivako emapuranga. Around naye, kugara akasika muti muvhu, saka kuwedzera rakavimbika wakakombwa. vaakawana panguva rokuvaka, kwakaitika kare muna kuitika ezvinhu zvasara izvi memasvingo akare.

Handizvo kare zvikazikamwa kuti masvingo yokutanga dzakavakwa kare 1156. The kuti pakuvaka nhare wakapiwa Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Tinoziva sei? Of akanyorwa nemagariro nhaka - zvinyorwa zvekare. Pakutanga ari XIV remakore, akakwira choushe Ivan Kalita. zita remadunhurirwa rokuti ichi rakapiwa kwaari kuti asingaverengeki pfuma zvaakanga nguva dzose vakatakurwa mubhegi duku - Kalita.

Prince akasarudza kuramba kwete chete kuvakwa Moscow Kremlin, asiwo kutanga akajeka uye achisimbisa masvingo kuvandudza rakavimbika rose guta. Akapa kuti pave masvingo neitsva. Kwapera nguva nhare yakavakwa pomuouki matanda ndoo zvokuti havana kugona kuva yakamuputira maoko.

Vachisimbisa kuvakwa nematombo

Nhoroondo pakuvaka Moscow Kremlin vaisanganisa ne mashoko matsva pamwe pakasvika inotevera mutongi. Dmitry Donskoy chose redid madziro. Zvaive munguva yokutonga kwake vakatanga ibwe. With ose dzomumaguta mumatunhu dzakatorwa tenzi navavaki. Muna 1367 iri kweDzimba Kremlin masvingo itsva, basa rakatanga. Vashandi vakashanda pasina yokumbozorora, uye pashure penguva musi Borovitsky chikomo akazviratidza ane chisimbiso simba, zvachose yakagadzirwa nematombo. Pakukora masvingo yakasvika maviri, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo uye nhatu mamita. Munguva pakuvaka reraimu raishandiswa, ari dzokubudisa iyo yakaitika pedyo neguta. Kremlin akaita vakashamiswa nomumwe pamasvingo aro chena, uye kuti Moscow yainzi ibwe jena.

Prince Dmitry akanga vairatidza zvikuru murume akashinga. Iye chete akarwa pamberi, uye kuti yakanga inotungamirirwa hondo kuzorwa Mongol joko. Muna 1380 hondo pasi utungamiriri hwake muhondo kunoparadza kuti ndiwane Kulikovo Field pedyo Don River. Yakanga pashure hondo muchinda rinokosha uye vakatanga kudana Don.

White rwematombo akanga inviolable kwenguva refu yenguva

Kremlin namasvingo chena vakamira kwemakore anenge 100. Panguva urefu ichi nguva yakakwana, zvakawanda zvachinja. nyika Russian pakupedzisira vakabatana zvakanaka simba mamiriro, uye Moscow yakava guta. kuchinja zvose izvi zvakaitika munguva yokutonga Prince Ivan III. Sezvo akasvika pakunzi Grand. Historians akamudana kuti "muteresi munyika Russian."

Yaiva Ivan III anonzi chakanakisisa mhizha. Uyezve, akakumbira akanakisisa ezvivako kubva Italy - Aristotle fioravanti, Antonio Solari nevamwe nyanzvi kuzivikanwa mumunda mavo. Pasi kutungamirirwa vemifananidzo vakakokwa nhoroondo panowanikwa Kremlin akatanga kukura zviitiko itsva. Kuti guta akasiyiwa asina nhare munguva basa, kuti Kremlin akavaka zvikamu: Pakutanga dismantling womumwe nharaunda chena rwematombo, uye ipapo panzvimbo yayo dzakavakwa zvivako zvitsva nezvidhina. Clay, yaishandiswa paivakwa mabasa, achitora pedyo guru. Brick vasati achiisa kwakaitika roasting chichiitwa, zvichiguma mukukutu.

Kwemakore, apo paiva kuvaka, tenzi Italian akarega kuonekwa nevokunze. mazita avo kunyange remade Russian maitiro. Somuenzaniso, Antonio akava Anton Fryazin. zita iri rakapiwa kwaari nokuti Italian nyika yamadzibaba edu inonzi fryazhskie. Sezvingatarisirwa, zvizvarwa zvemo venyika ino yainzi Fryazinov.

Rokuvaka zvivako zvitsva

Kuvaka Kremlin idzva kwakatora anenge 10 makore. Nhare akadzivirirwa kumativi maviri nenzizi. Pakutanga mashoko XVI remakore ane bato rechitatu zvakanzi akachera kumbonyanya paupamhi mumugero kuti chokuita hova mbiri pamwe chete. The Kremlin zvizere anodzivirirwa kumativi ose nemvura njodzi.

Chii anokwanisa kuudza nyaya shongwe yacho Kremlin? Zvivako dzakadaro chakavakwa mumwe pashure perimwe. Vakabva yakanyatsoiswa pamwe diverter strelnitsa kunatsiridza kudzivirira nezvaanogona. Kuwedzera updating pamusoro tenzi nhare pakarepo vakavakazve machechi zvakadai anozivikanwa Blagoveshchenskii, Arkhangel'skii, kubvuma.

Kuwedzera kuvaka Kremlin

Mushure choushe rakatora Romanovs, kuvakwa kwamasvingo matsva wakakombwa akaenda itsva, zvimwe kwakawedzera kumhanya. Wizards yakagadzirirwa Filaret bhero shongwe pedyo Ivan ari Bell Great. Uyewo, pane zvivako Moscow Kremlin, sezvo Terem uye varaidza dzoushe, machechi Gumi neVaviri uye Patriarch vake Palace. Paitonga Peter ndakanga akavaka Arsenal. Asi panguva apo guta guru kwakasarudzwa kutamira St. Petersburg, kuvaka zvivako zvitsva akamira.

Kana paakangogara pachigaro Catherine II, zvimwe zvivako Moscow Kremlin vakanga kuparadzwa, uyewo mumwe zvikamu wokumaodzanyemba rusvingo. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti kukwanisa kuvaka itsva youmambo. Asi pashure penguva vanoshanda kunge akadzima. Ungangove, chikonzero ichi chaiva kushaya mari. Asi pane chinhu ndibatsireiwo Bhaibheri. It chokuita mafungiro asina kunaka vanhu kuti basa iri mhando. Munguva kubva 1776 kusvika 1787 zvakanzi avaka Seneti chivakwa.

Pasina rusaruro hadzishandi

Description Moscow Kremlin ane kunaka mashoko. Huge kukuvara yose nemamiriro kwakaita nechisimba Napoleon. Panguva ino, mauto muvengi vakanga dzichapambwa uye desecrated machechi akawanda. Panguva rusvingo, shongwe uye dzimba shure yakanga yapera kuparadzwa. Hondo yakatanga basa rokudzorera, uye muna 1917 muna Kremlin yave yakavakwa anenge 31 chechi.

Panguva October Revolution, kuti Kremlin yave wakabhombwa. 1918 aizivikanwa kuchinjwa iri RSFSR Hurumende Seneti chivakwa. Paitonga simba Soviet muna Kremlin Muzinda Congresses yakavakwa. Mukuwedzera, shongwe dzakatangwa nyeredzi, uye akaisa pamusoro yakatanhamara chevaux Cannon uye chamber Bell. In nguva iyi kudzorerwa munhu madziro uye zvose dzimba Kremlin.

Simba uye hombe nefuma Russia

Zvino iwe kunzwisisa nei Moscow Kremlin yakavakwa? Chokwadi, nokufamba kwenguva zvakatanga kuonekwa kwete mukuona kusimbiswa, asi somunhu pfungwa kufarira munyika.

Pfungwa kuvaka Moscow Kremlin kwakatora anenge masere emakore, uye izvozvo zvinogona kunzi panguva ino kwakanga chaizvo yakawanda zviitiko zvinokosha. Havasi vose pesvedzero inobatsira nhare. Zvisinei, Kremlin akakwanisa kutsungirira nhamo. Anoramba ruchiri kukangaidza vanhu kupote nyika ukuru kwayo. Power uye runako mamiriro ichi hazvigoni yakarondedzerwa chero mashoko, uye Kremlin haana pasina rwakaiswa World Heritage kubudikidza UNESCO.

Nhoroondo Kremlin chiri rakada zvakanyatsobatana zvinokosha zviitiko zvoupenyu paruzhinji. With kukura kuvakwa guta rokutanga kwaiva kuwedzera, uye ipapo yose mamiriro. Life Kremlin ari zvakasimba chokuita enyika nemateru nezvisingafadzi: nayo yaiva pemasimba epamusoro uye chinonyanya kukosha zvisarudzo rakatorwa mutambi rinokosha. The kuvakwa mumwe Zvivako wokuRussia tsika, inova nhoroondo yaro inotungamirwa yakaisvonaka, akarasikirwa chaizvo, asi zvikuru vakawana. Izvi hazvina kumutadzisa kuva kukwezvana chaiye.

Munyaya ino isu akaedza kutsanangura uyo akavaka Moscow Kremlin, uye chii basa iri kuridzwa ne kuvaka uye kunokosha kusvikira nhasi nhoroondo Russian wehurumende.