Shiri ine ruvara rutsvuku: photo, zita

Kune shiri dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogara panyika. Nenzira dzose, shiri dzinomiririrwa nezviuru gumi zvine gumi zvakasiyana, imwe neimwe iyo ine zvishoma subspecies. Shiri dzinogara munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika, kunyange muAntarctica neActic. Zviduku uye zviduku, zvekudzimba uye zvesango, kubhururuka nekubhururuka, kwechimwechete uye variegated, ine mavara akasiyana-siyana, mavara uye mashizha emiti ...

Ichi chinyorwa chichasvitsa vaverengi zvakanyanya kune dzimwe shiri dzine ruvara rutsvuku (mazita nemifananidzo zvinowanikwa pasi apa munyaya yacho).

White Stork: tsanangudzo

Masorkorks ndeeboka regorove-sakaita (mhuri yeorkork). Ibis nemakwenzi ake zvakare ari pano. Nhengo dzinonyanyozivikanwa dzemhuri dzakachena storks. Havana chete maruva akareba marefu nemutsipa, asiwo muromo mutsvuku wakareba.

Gorosi - shiri yakanaka kwazvo, kunyange ine zviyero zvakakura zveguru. Kurema kwayo kunogona kusvika maikiramu mana, uye urefu hwemuviri ndiwo masentimita 120. Mapapiro acho ose masendimita 205.

Sorogi ishiri ine ruvara rurefu rutsvuku rwekugadzirisa, iyo inokonzera nyore nyore zvokudya, hove, matatya , nezvimwewo kubva mubhudzi. Inodya mazzinza, nyoka, mhonye yemvura, snails, mice, moles uye zvipembenene.

Nemhaka yei storks ine muromo wekundu? Ichi chinoramba chiri chakavanzika.

Sokorogiki yevanhu vakuru havatombotauri inzwi, nekuda kwekuderera kwemashoko avo ezwi. Kazhinji kazhinji vanobudisa pachena nyore nyore nemabhero avo, izvo zvinoreva kukwazisa.

Ihove dzomukadzi dzakadukusa muhukuru kupfuura dzevarume, uye maruva aya akafanana kune ose maviri - akafukidzwa zvikuru nemapapiro machena, mapapiro chete ndeaya madema. Izwi rehupenyu hwavo hwakareba, nguva yaro yehuwandu inenge makore makumi maviri.

Kugoverwa uye nzvimbo yegorove

Nzvimbo huru yekuparidzirwa kwei shiri idzi dzakanaka dzine muromo mutsvuku ndeyeEurope, Iberian Peninsula, Asia neNorth Africa. Vanonyanya kupfeka muAfrica, muIndia, uye muAsia, kazhinji vanobva vatama shorks kubva kuCentral Europe. Dzinobhururuka panguva yekuputika kwezuva nezuva kwemazana anenge makiromita 200. Nzira huru dzekufamba-famba dziri kuburikidza neGungwa reMediterranean, Strait of Gibraltar, Bosphorus uye Suez Isthmus. Munguva iyi mune nzvimbo idzi mukutenga uye mutsime panzvimbo yakakwirira mudenga unogona kuona mifananidzo inoshamisa, inonakidza - nhamba yakawanda yegorosi storks.

Nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzekugadzirisa idzi dzakasiyana-siyana, denga reimba dzimba, zvisingawanzowanzovi - miti nematombo.

Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti nhamba yegorosi yevatsvene inoderedza gore negore nekuda kwekuderedza kwezvokudya zvavo, zvine chokuita nekuwedzerwa nekugadzirisa zvezvigadzirwa zvekurima.

Zvokudya uye maitiro emashizha

Mhando yakakura yezvokudya zvegorogi dzakachena ndeyezvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipembenene uye zviduku zviduku zvinorarama zvose pasi uye mumvura. Zvokudya zvakagadzirirwa ivo - zvinokambaira, mafikira, zvipembenene uye hove. Iyi nyoni yakaisvonaka yakaisvonaka yakachena ine muromo mutsvuku ine, zvisingaiti, zvakashata, izvo zvinokonzerwa nekuti inodya kunyange zviduku zviduku. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvinowanzoitikawo kuti hove dzakadyiwa dzichidya uye inedible zvinhu, zvechokwadi, kukanganisa kudya. Uye izvi zvinotungamirira kurufu rwegungwa maererano nekuvhara kwemaitiro avo ekudya.

Ichokwadi kuti shiri idzi ndeyekuti dzakawanda dzadzo dzakashandiswa kwemakore anopfuura zana nemhuka dzakapiwa kuvana vavo kubva kumarudzi kusvika kumarudzi. Ive shiri dzakashinga, dzinodzivirira noushingi nemapiko kubva kune dzimwe shiri dzinoparadza uye mhuka.

Nyuchi, umo mavharasi anowanzo ane mazai 4-5, anogona kusvika kumaukuru akareba. Mazai anokonzerwa nevakadzi nevanhurume mumwe chete, kubva kwavari anenge mwedzi gare gare kunoonekwa mavambo, ayo mushure memazuva makumi manomwe anove akazvimirira zvachose.

Nyaya yeSorkork

Zita rehiri rine ruvara rutsvuku uye ruvara ruchena rinowanikwa munhoroondo dzakawanda dzakaisvonaka dzekare uye nhoroondo. Kubva panguva inenge isati yasvika, sorogiro yakachena yaionekwa semhuka yakaropafadzwa, uye yaibatanidza kubudirira, kubudirira, ruzivo uye hupenyu hunofadza. Anobatanidzwawo nemashoko akawanda akanaka uye nhoroondo dzose kumabvazuva uye kuEurope, uye kwose kwose anoita sechidziviriri kupikisa mweya wakaipa uye somuchengeti weimba yemhuri inounza mufaro.

Zvaitendwa kuti mumhuri, iyo inonzi sorogiyo inosvika, mwana akamirira kwenguva refu achazooneka, mune dzimwe mhuri dzakawanda dzisina vana dzakatarisira kubatsira shiri iyi.

Maererano netsika dzevanhu, Mwari akapa shiri iyi kubvongodza kwemavara machena, uye dhiyabhorosi-mapapiro ematema, saka inofananidzira kurwisana kusingaperi pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa, pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa.

Kulik-magpie: tsanangudzo

Iyo shiri ndeyeboka re Charadriiformes (mhuri yejechapipers). Fifi zvakarewo pano.

Nyeredzi yakajeka uye inozivikanwa ndeye magpie-magpie (ndiyo iyo zita renyama dema rine mutsvuku mutsvuku). Mukuwedzera kune muromo mutsvuku wakajeka, unopa bhuru chena, tsvuku dzvuku, kumashure nemapapiro emuchena. Izvo zvakafanana nemuvara kune umwe unozivikanwa shiri-magpie, uye naizvozvo akapiwa zita rakadaro kaviri.

Iyo shiri inowanzova yakasviba neyemvura yakawanda. Mutsipa, musoro nemuswe zviriwo madema, dumbu rezasi, chifuva uye chikamu chikamu chechipiri chakachena.

Inoshamisa inopenya mutsvuku wekunakisa ine 3 times yakareba kureba kupfuura musoro. Mumakore matsvuku, maziso ake maduku. Pale pink paws yakafanana ne paws yehuku. Mutumbi une urefu hwe 35-48 masentimita, asi mapapiropan anowanikwa masendimita 85 chete.

Dzimwe nguva zvinoshamisika kuti shiri inenge ine mutsipa uye musoro inotakura muromo wakadaro unoshamisa. Pakati pevhiri, shiri idzi dzine uremu hwemagiramu 350 kusvika ku2020, zvichienderana nenguva.

Nzvimbo yeSandpiper-Magpie

Izvozvi shiri dzine ruvara rutsvuku rukuru dzakabva kune dzimwe nyika uye dzisingashambiki. Izvo zvakagara mumiganhu yemakungwa nenzizi. Muchando, havafari nzvimbo dzinotonhora zvikuru: gungwa reMediterranean neAtlantic. Pamusoro pokusarudza kusarudza nzvimbo dzakadai kuti pane zvokudya zvakanaka zvevana vavo. Zvizhinji zvei izvi zvinosvibiswa uye zvingasviba mabhishi, uye dzimwe nguva vanogara mumatombo.

Svika pader magpies muRussia mumavambo May. Vanogara vachienda kunzvimbo yekuchamhembe kweWestern Europe: kuFrance, kuDenmark, Germany neHolland.

Kulik's behavior

Iyi nyoni huru ine muromo mutsvuku inogona kuonekwa nekudanidzira kwayo kukuru. Bhuku raro refu rine mitsetse yakajeka inoita kuti zvibvirire nyore nyore kudhonza jecha-uswa kubva mumugodhi kana kuti nyore nyore kuzarura masuo emvura.

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti maitiro eaders akasiyana chaizvo pamvura yakadzika uye mumvura. Muchiitiko chekutanga, ivo vari kushingaira, vachichera muine algae nejecha mukutsvaga zvokudya. Pakati pemvura, shiri dzinomirira kwechinguva, dzichimira dzisingasviki pamatombo anobuda mumvura.

Muromo wakaita sewakakura uye usingadikanwi, unoita basa rinokosha mukutsvaga zvokudya kubva kumvura nemvura uye nejecha pamakiromita makuru nekudzika.

Zvokudya zvinovaka muviri uye nesting ye irikki

Kubva pazvisikwa zvekugara kwechinyorwa, zvinokwanisika kutsvaga mhedziso pane kudya shiri yakasviba ine muromo mutsvuku mirefu. Nekuda kwekuti upenyu hweKulik-makumi mana pedyo nemvura, saka zvokudya zvinowanzobudiswa kubva mumvura.

Zvokudya zvavo zvinovakirwa pane hove duku, majekesti emisumbu, mafivhasi uye zvipembenene, izvo zvekupedzisira zvakakura, zvakadai sevhirifuti, dragonflies, mhondi, uye dzimwe nguva mapurovheta. Vanogonawo kudya pahonye, crustaceans uye caddis nzizi. Izvi zvinoitika kuti mazai emamwe shiri maduku anogona kuwanika mukudya kwehakki.

Nyeredzi dzine tsvuku dzine ruvara rutsvuku dzakagadzirirwa pamhenderekedzo yekondinendi uye yechitsuwa. Mukadzi nokuda kweizvi zvinokanganisa gomba munzvimbo inoputika, pasi payo iye anokanda mabhomba uye zvidimbu zvemafuro, uye paanoisa mazai 2-4 pamusoro.

Vakaroorana vanoita Kulik vanhu vane makore matatu uye kupfuura. Iyo shiri inonzi inofanana uye inosarudza kugadzikana.

Mukadzi nemukomana vanowedzera mazai kwemasvondo mana, mushure mezvo mapeji anoputika, anoramba ari zuva chete mudendere kusvikira apera zvachose. Mushure maizvozvi, vanomhanya nenzira dzakasiyana, vovanza pakati pematombo.

Mumazuva okutanga ehupenyu hwavo vanofamba pedyo nemvura, uko pamwe chete nevabereki vavo vanofamba vachitsvaga zvokudya pakuderera kwemvura. Kazhinji nhokwe dzinodziya pasi pemapapiro amai vangu. Kubva kuvabereki, havaendi kure kwemwedzi kusvikira vadzidza kubhururuka voga.

Klushica: tsanangudzo, kugoverwa

Iko zita rebhiri rine muromo mutsvuku uri wehutano hwepassine (mhuri yevranov)? Ndezvisikwa uye zvakadaro.

Iyo shiri, iyo yakakura kuduku pane yakakura kupfuura yaAlpine Jackdaw (kureba 40 cm), inyoni yakasviba ine muromo mutsvuku (ona mufananidzo uri pasi apa), unonzi mutezi.

Inomira pakati pezvimwe shiri dzine ruvara rutsvuku rwakapeteredzwa uye ruvara rutsvuku. Mhenga yemakwai inodururwa mumarudzi akasiyana. Vechicheche vaduku vane paws uye muromo wejira, uye maruva ane matte mutsvuku.

Izvo shiri dzinoparadzirwa zvikuru mumasango, masango mashoma, pamahombekombe egungwa, uyewo mumakomo. Kazhinji klushitsa iri muAlps. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekugara kwayo ndeye makomo (3500 m pamusoro pegungwa) reChina, South Asia neWestern Europe.

Zvimwe zvikonzero zvekuderera kunoramba kuri kuwanda kwenhamba iyi, kunyanya kuchamhembe-kumaodzanyemba kweEurope, pamusoro pemakore mazana maviri adarika ndiko kudengenyeka kwezvikomo zvezvikomo zvinowanzoitika nekuda kwekukosha kwebasa rekurima.

Nesting Features

Klushitsa kazhinji matendere mumakoloni, uye anochengeterwa munzvimbo imwe kwemazana emakore. Nyeredzi, dzakavakwa kubva kumatavi, shiri idzi dzinowanzowanikwa mumapako kana mumapako ematombo, kure nemhepo ine simba uye vortices.

Kuisa mazai kunongoitwa chete nekadzi kwemazuva gumi nemasere. Munguva yekukura kwakasimba kwevana, vabereki vanofudza vana vavo maminitsi makumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu, vachiunza zvokudya mu submandibular sac. Kubva mudendere, vana vanobhururuka kunze kwemazuva makumi matatu nemana, apo vatove vachibhururuka vachivimba. Pasinei neizvi, mhuri haina kuparadzaniswa kwenguva yakareba zvakadaro.

Chii chinonzi flake chinodya?

Iyi shiri dziri kuvimba zvikuru. Vanowanzotora zvokudya pamusoro pemakomo, kwavanokandwa nemakomo, uye pedyo nemadzimba emakomo. Kazhinji vaKroshitsy havasi kubhururuka kunze kwechando, asi mumakomo mahara awo anodonhedzwa, nokuti shiri dzinoburukira kumahombekombe nemipata. Klushitsy, uyo anogara kuSpain, kazhinji anogara ari mumadziro edzimba (zvose zviri matongo uye munzvimbo dzinogarwa), haasi sevhundutsi sepamakomo. Uye vanowanzowana zvokudya pedyo nemisha yevanhu.

Kuenzaniswa kune dzimwe shiri, dzine zvokudya zvinotarisirwa uye nzira dzekuwana zvokudya zvakasiyana kwazvo, klushitsa inowanzova mutengi wezvipembenene zviduku, zvikuru nenyuchi. Iyi shiri shomanana ine muromo mutsvuku ichiri kudya mhonye, mbeu nemabriji.

Kazhinji mapoka ezvipfuwo anodya, achiunganidza mumapoka maduku. Munharaunda iyi inokosha, ivo vanobatsirwa zvakanaka nemicherechedzo yakareba yakareba, iyo inotorwa kubva pauswa kana hutsi (marara emarabhi nemakwai) kubva pane zviduku.

Zvishoma nezvemvura yakasviba-mucheki

Mvura yakasviba-mutsvuku ine muromo usina kujairika kwete chete pakati pezvose zvinokambaira, asiwo pakati pezvisikwa zvose muNorth America. Iyo yakasiyana neyekuti haisi chete iyo yakaonda kwazvo uye yakajeka (tsvuku uye tsvuku yakasviba), asiwo kuti chikamu chayo chepasi chakareba kupfuura chepamusoro.

Ichi chiitiko chakakosha zvikuru pakuzadzikiswa kwemagadziro ekudyisa mucheki wemvura. Izvi zvinoitika sei? Shiri dzinokurumidza kufamba dzichibhururuka pamusoro pemvura, asi chikamu chepasi chemuti wacho chinodonha kuburikidza nechepamusoro pemvura yeji uye ichiburukira mumvura. Kana iri hove, chikamu chepamusoro chemomo chinopinda munzvimbo. Nzira yakanyanyisa yekugadzirwa kwezvokudya, hongu, haina kuita pasina njodzi. Dombo rakasviba dzimwe nguva rinopesana nezvimwe zvinhu zviri pasi pemvura.

Mukuwedzera, ivo vanoshandisawo mihoromo yavo kuti vauraye gonye, avo vane ushingi hwokupinda munzvimbo dzavo dzekugara.

Nyeredzi dzine ruvara rutsvuku dzine mvura-vakagadzi-mhando yezvisikwa zveshiri muSouth neNorth America dzine maitiro ezvokudya zvakafanana.

Mhedziso

Ichi chinyorwa chinongoratidza chikamu chiduku chezvisikwa zvose zviripo mumasikirwo nemisara inoshamisa uye mhando yemiti. Mukati, kune nhamba yakawanda yadzo: urefu hunoshamisa, maitiro asina kujairika uye mavara, nezvimwewo. Amai Nature vakapa zvipenyu zvose, kusanganisira shiri, nezvinokosha zvayo zvakakosha muupenyu hwavo hwehupenyu. Uye izvi zvinoitwa nevakawanda vane kumwe kutora, saka vanotarisa zvakanaka uye zvakanaka.