Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich: pfupi Biography

Dzimwe nguva nyaya kunaka kuvanhu vanenge vasara chinokosha mucherechedzo mariri, uye kuvapa zvikwereti vamwe. Asi nguva yakawanda anoisa zvose panzvimbo yayo uye rinobvumira kuti matsva Kutarira zvekare zviitiko. Mumwe wevanhu ava, vane Feat akanga undervalued nevanhu vakararama, ndiye gamba pakati Hondo Chesma - yakazara Admiral Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich, zvinonakidza zvinhu zvoupenyu izvo zvakabayirwa vaverengi ino.

midshipman Spiridov

The hunoshamisa Russian wengarava mutungamiri Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich akaberekwa musi waJanuary 31, 1713 mu mhuri commandant pakati Vyborg - guta reconquered kubva yeSweden naPetro I munguva Northern War. Agamuchira dzidzo kumba, hunokodzera muduku wamambo, akazvipira kuti Navy. Nechekare pazera gumi, kubudirira vachitora bvunzo sciences kufamba mugungwa, iye anowana ake wokutanga rokuremekedza - munhu midshipman.

Mugore iroro kubvira St. Petersburg kusvika reCaspian boka duku vezvikepe kwave rinotungamirirwa, pakati pavo kuti chikamu basa basa uye vakashumira Spiridov. Gregory, akauya pasi murayiro ane unyanzvi wengarava mukuru uye hydrograph Alekseya Nagaeva, chaizvo zvinobudirira nyanzvi uchenjeri wengarava nesayenzi. Makore mashomanana gare gare akanga vakapiwa murayiro maviri gekbotami --masted matatu pangarava nokuda chokufambisa kwenhumbi uye kumhara. Mumakore iwayo, Nzendo Spiridova nzira vakamhanya kubva Astrakhan kuna Persia.

Service muGungwa reBaltic

Muna 1732, rimwe jaya uye zvinovimbisa mukwasvi kuchinjirwa Kronstadt, apo akagamuchira chinzvimbo midshipman mangwanani, iye anoramba kushumira pamusoro zvikepe kuBaltic Fleet uye akagadza mubatsiri kuti Mutevedzeri-Admiral Peter Bredahl makore matanhatu. Zviri pedyo hunoshamisa wengarava wavarwi akaenda chaiye yetsiva kudzidzisa Spiridov. Gregory A., ane Biography ari zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe nhoroondo Russian rengarava mumakore iwayo, Akaperekedzwa mutevedzeri Admiral muna Azov rwendo pamusoro Turkish rengarava uye sezvo chikamu Don Flotilla vaiitawo zvose hondo.

Pashure paizvozvo, ake njanji chinyorwa iri kukasawedzerwa makore matatu andakapedza muna North of Russia, Arkhangelsk, uko ichangogadzwa akavaka warship Spiridov anoita yezwi nechiteshi chengarava sechirangaridzo kwaari muna Kronstadt. Pano, mumakore gumi akatevera, akarayira haangogoni liner dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana, asiwo - izvo zvinokosha chaizvo kuti ramangwana basa - dare yacht. Izvi anopa mukana wokuwana mukurumbira pakati murayiro kuBaltic Fleet, uye Chikurukuru - dzokumusorosoro madenderedzwa ari kwamachinda.

Zvakaguma nguva iri kuuya, uye muna 1754 ake yunifomu yakashongedzwa insignia mukuru rwechitatu. In chinzvimbo ichi Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich anova nhengo hurumende basa, izvo kukudziridza Charter matsva Navy akapiwa. Pakapera basa, iye akagadzwa Mukuru Naval vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata kadheti Corps, apo pachinzvimbo chevatatu mukuru wekambani Spiridov anogadzirira ayo admirals Russian ramangwana.

Kubatanidzwa Hondo Yemakore Seven '

Makore Makore Seven 'War, bato iyo, pamwe vazhinji mikuru masimba enyika uye akava Russia, Gregory A. kupedzerwa kuBaltic Fleet mabasa kurwisa mishoni, panguva iyo akatungamirira kushanda kubva kumhenderekedzo Sweden, Danzig, Copenhagen uye Stralzunda. Apo, muna 1761, General Pyotr Rumyantsev, akakomba nhare Kolberg (zvino Polish nharaunda), zvaitora vavabatsire, ndiko Spiridov ngarava dzavo vakauya naye mauto zviuru zviviri.

Akakwira choumambo muna 1762, wechiduku Empress Catherine II vaikoshesa zvemashoko "vakatendeseka uye akashinga mukuru" (akati nezvazvo, General Rumyantsev), uye Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich kwaitsigirwa kurera Admiral iri kugadzwa kwake mukuru ane dzechikwata pakati vanotozvifarira. Yaiva chaizvo chinzvimbo. The mabasa richangobva akaita Admiral chaiva nechokwadi kuchengeteka kuBaltic gungwa kukurukurirana. Pakapera Hondo Yemakore Seven ', nokuti dzimwe nguva akakushandira sezvo Chief of Kronstadt uye vanotozvifarira zvengarava, uye ipapo anova Mutungamiriri kuBaltic Fleet, kwaakanga kamwe akatanga basa rake somunhu midshipman.

Pakutsvaka kubwinya

Asi zvikuru kwakaratidzwa pacharo pakurwa Spiridov Russian-Turkish hondo, iyo yakatanga muna 1768 uye kwakatora makore matanhatu zvakajeka. Panguva ino akanga akakwiridzirwa kusvika Admiral, Order St. Alexander Nevsky uye akagadzwa mutungamiri rwendo mugungwa, kuti vazviise Greek yezvitsuwa. Kubva moorings Kronstadt dzechikwata akabva muna July 1769, uye pashure pemwedzi mitanhatu asvika Peninsula negungwa kumaodzanyemba muBalkans, apo, maererano zano rutsigiro, pamwechete nezvikepe wechipiri rwendo, akatungamirirwa Admiral John Elphinstone akabatanidzwa.

Kwapera nguva mune flagship akasimuka paakasvika achibva Livorno-mu-mukuru, General Count Alexei Orlov, atumwa Empress Catherine II nokuti murayiro vose wengarava mauto Russia, riri muGungwa reMediterranean. On asvika akatanga basa akavhiyiwa muchiuto, somugumisiro zvakanga akabatwa guta Arcadia uye Mistra, uyewo zvigadziko muchiuto, riri Navarino uye Itilone. Kuti tidzivise rengarava Russian hweTurkey akamanikidzwa kudzura munzvimbo ino rebei simba.

Kukunda hondo Kiyosi

hondo chikuru yokutanga pamwe Turkish rengarava pamushandirapamwe yakaitika June 24, 1770, uye akanzi Kiyosi pakurwa. The Makondo iye masimba azere mumaoko Spiridova, iyo, pasinei oga nezvavasingadi, vanokosheswa somunhu ruzivo wengarava wavarwi. Maererano zvakaona, Grigory kushandiswa muhondo itsva iyi kuti nguva maitiro ehondo wengarava, kutumira Vanguard ngarava dzavo panguva rworudyi yorusvingo kusvikira cheni ngarava muvengi uye kutanga chinhambwe kurwisa ake pakati. Chisarudzo kwakadaro kunobatanidza basa guru, zvisina kutya kutora Spiridov.

Gregory A. muhondo yakanga mungarava, "Eustace" uye yakanga yava kuda kufa kana raputika panguva achikwira varwisane pamwe Turkish flagship "Real-Mustapha". Ngarava vaviri pai, uye chete nemhaka zvinongoitikawo Admiral akapona uye akashatirwa zvakachengeteka muchikepe frigate "Vatatu Hierarchies". Muhondo iyi kukunda raiva kurutivi Russian rengarava, kusiyana zvinenge nekaviri nemuvengi waro.

Yakanakisisa awa Admiral

Asi zvakadaro kuuya yaiva hondo huru, vakakunda Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich. Zvechokwadi Chesma pakurwa kwakaitika pausiku 24 musi June 25, 1770, raiva awa yake yakanakisisa. Mukuru Russian dzechikwata kuti Count Orlov, nokuti zvose zvayo chisingarambiki zvemashoko ari yokutungamirira uye mutungamiriri nemauto, haana ruzivo mune mufambiro hondo wengarava. Uye kunyange zvazvo gare gare akanga akaenda kubwinya Kumukundi iri Hondo Chesma, utungamiri chaicho rakapiwa kuna Spiridova.

Nemhaka anofambisa pamusoro Turkish rengarava akanga akapotsa nomuzvanza Chesma Bay uye aiva disadvantageous chaizvo chinzvimbo pachavo. Maererano Admiral chirongwa, panguva imwecheteyo vokuTurkey akauya pasi atirari moto uye moto-ngarava vakarwiswa - magwa akatakura zvinoputika uye akatungamirira kurutivi muvengi, ari kudhumhana nawo putika. chikwata chavo, pachine peresevshaya muchikepe, akasarudzwa nemamwe matare.

nzira iyi akabvumira vokuRussia moto uye kutumira pasi hombe chikamu Turkish rengarava, pashure izvo hweTurkey kwenguva refu nguva yakarasikirwa simba raro mugungwa. Statistics uye chaizvo kurasikirwa reshiyo chakakonzerwa namaneja iyi hondo utsinye mapati. Zvinozivikanwa kuti vafambisi gumi vakafa pakati vokuRussia, apo uwandu vokuTurkey akafa uye vakakuvadzwa vakasvika gumi nerimwe zviuru vanhu. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore - 1 kusvika 1000.

chakabiwa kubwinya

Chokwadi rakasiyana mugumisiro munhau kwete chete zvomumvura asiwo kunyika hondo. Pazuva iroro, pamwe chete Russian dzechikwata yose nesimba Mutungamiriri waro - Admiral Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich. Photo mifananidzo kubudikidza Aivazovsky, rakanyorwa 1848 uye chinofananidzira paitikira hondo mbiri, vakaisawo panoperera nyaya ino.

In kukudzwa mbiri kukunda, kana, sezvo vakati, "Victoria", Catherine II akarayira kuzomisa chechi (mufananidzo wayo runogonawo kuoneka munyaya) uye kunofanira kuyeukwa mbiru. Sam Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich, ane dhigirii vakanga chisingarambiki, akagamuchira chete Order of St. Andrew. mugove rukudzo nekubwinya cheshumba vakaenda, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mashoko kufarira kuti Catherine - Count Orlov.

Service muGungwa reAegean

Matatu akatevera akapedzerwa munzvimbo Admiral rechiGiriki rezvitsuwa, kutanga mujinga Russian rengarava pachitsuwa Paros uye kubva ipapo nokudzora rinokosha kukurukurirana muGungwa reAegean. Vakanga makavhara anenge zvachose chokuendesa zvombo uye zvokudya wokuGreece kuConstantinople, uyewo blockade of Dardanelles rakatangwa. Muna 1772 Spiridov kuwadzana pasi nemauto, akaita nhamba vabudirire nemauto remapazi pamusoro mumhenderekedzo yegungwa Turkish nhare, richisvika muhondo yake muIjipiti uye Siria.

akanganwa magamba

Muna 1773, iye achakudzwa Admiral Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich, pfupi Biography rakanga hwaro ino, akatumwa St. Petersburg basa. Aiva makumi matanhatu chete, asi kwomushumo wake akataura Kuipa utano. The chaiyo chikonzero kusada mberi basa biographers vanotenda mhosva kukunda mune Hondo Chesma akanga aitwa kwete kwaari asi kufarira kuti Catherine II - Count Orlov, hondo muhondo chete kungogara Kupinda, asi wakapinda nhoroondo Russia se ayo chikuru hunhu.

Life mwero Admiral kupedzerwa ake chizvarwa mumusha Highland Pereslavl dunhu, apo akafa musi April 19, 1790. rufu rwake akaenda kucherechedzwa Russia, kare akapinda ushe itsva uye vaishandisa nezvimwe zvinetso. The wokupedzisira rwendo anokudzwa wengarava mukuru akaona kure pachivanze vanhu uye mumwe murume - shamwari yake, zvakafanana pake, ndiye kukanganwa gamba pakati Hondo Chesma - Admiral Stepan Petrovich Hmetevsky.